Influence of blood glucose on heart rate and cardiac autonomic function. The DESIR study.

International audienceOBJECTIVES:   To evaluate in a general population, the relationships between dysglycaemia, insulin resistance and metabolic variables, and heart rate, heart rate recovery and heart rate variability. METHODS:   Four hundred and forty-seven participants in the Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance syndrome (DESIR) study were classified according to glycaemic status over the preceding 9 years. All were free of self-reported cardiac antecedents and were not taking drugs which alter heart rate. During five consecutive periods: rest, deep breathing, recovery, rest and lying to standing, heart rate and heart rate varability were evaluated and compared by ANCOVA and trend tests across glycaemic classes. Spearman correlation coefficients quantified the relations between cardio-metabolic risk factors, heart rate and heart rate varability. RESULTS:   Heart rate differed between glycaemic groups, except during deep breathing. Between rest and deep-breathing periods, patients with diabetes had a lower increase in heart rate than others (P(trend) < 0.01); between deep breathing and recovery, the heart rate of patients with diabetes continued to increase, for others, heart rate decreased (P(trend) < 0.009). Heart rate was correlated with capillary glucose and triglycerides during the five test periods. Heart rate variability differed according to glycaemic status, especially during the recovery period. After age, sex and BMI adjustment, heart rate variability was correlated with triglycerides at two test periods. Change in heart rate between recovery and deep breathing was negatively correlated with heart rate variability at rest, (r=-0.113, P < 0.05): lower resting heart rate variability was associated with heart rate acceleration. CONCLUSIONS:   Heart rate, but not heart rate variability, was associated with glycaemic status and capillary glucose. After deep breathing, heart rate recovery was altered in patients with known diabetes and was associated with reduced heart rate variability. Being overweight was a major correlate of heart rate variability

La langue rescapée d’un “habitant de l’exil”

Claire Extramiana : Vous êtes l’auteur de plusieurs recueils de poèmes, de récits et d’essais en langue arménienne, d’essais en français également. Vous dirigez un séminaire de traduction littéraire à l’Inalco. On peut dire que vous habitez deux langues, la langue arménienne et la langue française, et que vous faites fonction de passeur quand vous traduisez de l’arménien vers le français. Comment définissez-vous votre rapport à ces langues  ? Krikor Beledian : Quand on habite plusieurs langue..

Progreso social y democracia directa

En el presente estudio se construye un índice de progreso social. El índice compuesto desarrollado se basa en 44 subindicadores en el periodo 1990-2015 para 126 países con el objetivo de analizar la evolución del progreso social a escala global mediante un indicador más completo que el PIB pc. Las diferencias entre el IPS y el PIB evidencian que el IPS ofrece información sobre el desarrollo social que el PIB pc no es capaz de cuantificar. Los patrones observados en el IPS y sus dimensiones sugieren que el planeta ha progresado socialmente durante los últimos 25 años. Mediante la estimación de modelos econométricos se analizan los efectos de diferentes factores los cuales pueden determinar el progreso social, prestando especial atención a la utilización de prácticas de democracia directa y participación ciudadana en política. El resultado del análisis sugiere que existe una relación positiva entre democracia directa y progreso social.Graduado o Graduada en Economía por la Universidad Pública de NavarraEkonomian Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa

Apprendre la langue du pays d’accueil

En Europe, la connaissance de la langue et de la société d’accueil est de plus en plus une condition nécessaire à l’intégration des migrants dans leur pays d’arrivée, qu’il s’agisse d’entrer sur le territoire, d’obtenir l’autorisation de résidence permanente ou d’en acquérir la nationalité. Un grand nombre de pays européens mettent ainsi en place différentes politiques de formation linguistique sanctionnées par des tests. Des enquêtes comparatives conduites en 2007 et 2009 par le Conseil de l’Europe permettent d'en savoir davantage

Du bilinguisme familial chez les enfants

La circulation des langues dans l’espace familial influence le développement cognitif des jeunes enfants. Si la diversité linguistique peut être un atout, tout dépend de l’attitude des parents vis-à-vis de la langue de communication familiale, de sa valorisation aux côtés de celle du pays d’accueil. Ce n’est qu’en reconnaissant et en assumant cette richesse qu’ils pourront à leur tour la transmettre

Disentangling diverse responses to climate change among global marine ecosystem models

Climate change is warming the ocean and impacting lower trophic level (LTL) organisms. Marine ecosystem models can provide estimates of how these changes will propagate to larger animals and impact societal services such as fisheries, but at present these estimates vary widely. A better understanding of what drives this inter-model variation will improve our ability to project fisheries and other ecosystem services into the future, while also helping to identify uncertainties in process understanding. Here, we explore the mechanisms that underlie the diversity of responses to changes in temperature and LTLs in eight global marine ecosystem models from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (FishMIP). Temperature and LTL impacts on total consumer biomass and ecosystem structure (defined as the relative change of small and large organism biomass) were isolated using a comparative experimental protocol. Total model biomass varied between −35% to +3% in response to warming, and -17% to +15% in response to LTL changes. There was little consensus about the spatial redistribution of biomass or changes in the balance between small and large organisms (ecosystem structure) in response to warming, an LTL impacts on total consumer biomass varied depending on the choice of LTL forcing terms. Overall, climate change impacts on consumer biomass and ecosystem structure are well approximated by the sum of temperature and LTL impacts, indicating an absence of nonlinear interaction between the models’ drivers. Our results highlight a lack of theoretical clarity about how to represent fundamental ecological mechanisms, most importantly how temperature impacts scale from individual to ecosystem level, and the need to better understand the two-way coupling between LTL organisms and consumers. We finish by identifying future research needs to strengthen global marine ecosystem modelling and improve projections of climate change impacts

Intracardiac electrophysiology to characterize susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in murine models

Introduction: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) and ventricular fibrillation are rare but severe complications of many cardiovascular diseases and represent a major health issue worldwide. Although the primary causes are often acute or chronic coronary diseases, genetic conditions, such as inherited channelopathies or non-ischemic cardiomyopathies are leading causes of SCD among the young. However, relevant experimental models to study the underlying mechanisms of arrhythmias and develop new therapies are still needed. The number of genetically engineered mouse models with cardiac phenotype is growing, making electrophysiological studies in mice essential tools to study arrhythmogenicity and arrhythmia mechanisms and to test novel treatments. Recently, intracardiac catheterization via the jugular vein was described to induce and record ventricular arrhythmias in living anesthetized mice. Several strategies have been reported, developed in healthy wild-type animals and based on aggressive right ventricular stimulation.Methods: Here, we report a protocol based on programmed electrical stimulation (PES) performed in clinical practice in patients with cardiac rhythm disorders, adapted to two transgenic mice models of arrhythmia - Brugada syndrome and cardiolaminopathy.Results: We show that this progressive protocol, based on a limited number of right ventricular extrastimuli, enables to reveal different rhythmic phenotypes between control and diseased mice. In this study, we provide detailed information on PES in mice, including catheter positioning, stimulation protocols, intracardiac and surface ECG interpretation and we reveal a higher susceptibility of two mouse lines to experience triggered ventricular arrhythmias, when compared to control mice.Discussion: Overall, this technique allows to characterize arrhythmias and provides results in phenotyping 2 arrhythmogenic-disease murine models

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

International audienc