Prevalence and characteristics of incident falls related to nocturnal toileting in hospitalized patients

Objectives: Although nocturia is a risk factor for incident falls in the community, studies are required to gain an understanding of incident falls related to nocturnal toileting in hospitals. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and characteristics of incident falls in adult hospitalized patients related to nocturnal toileting. Methods: A retrospective review of the electronic incident reporting and learning system and medical records of inpatients that had an incident fall. Results: The prevalence of toileting-related incident falls was 53% (73/137) and 28% of all incident falls were related to nocturnal toileting. Intravenous fluid infusion was associated with falls related to toileting, whereby median perfusion volume during night-time was 375 ml [IQR: 225–578 ml]. Conclusions: The prevalence of nocturnal toileting-related incident falls in hospitals is high. Nocturia could be a leading cause of these incident falls. Intravenous fluid infusion might be part of the aetiology of (iatrogenic) nocturia

Optimal dose of 18F-FDG required for whole-body PET using an LSO PET camera

Reducing the acquisition time of whole-body fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18-FDG PET) (corrected for attenuation) is of major importance in clinical practice. With the introduction of lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO), the acquisition time can be dramatically reduced, provided that patients are injected with larger amounts of tracer and/or the system is operated in 3D mode. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose of F-18-FDG required in order to achieve good-to-excellent image quality when a "3-min emission, 2-min transmission/bed position" protocol is used for an LSO PET camera. A total of 218 consecutive whole-body F-18-FDG PET studies were evaluated retrospectively. After excluding patients with liver metastases, hyperglycaemia and paravenous injections, the final study population consisted of 186 subjects (112 men, 74 women, age 59 15 years). Patients were injected with an activity of 18F-FDG ranging from 2.23 to 15.21 MBq/kg. Whole-body images corrected for attenuation (3 min emission, 2 min transmission/bed position) were acquired with an LSO PET camera (Ecat Accel,Siemens) 60 min after tracer administration. Patients were positioned with their arms along the body. Image reconstruction was done iteratively and a post-reconstruction filter was applied. Image quality was scored visually by two independent observers using a five-point scoring scale (poor, reasonable, good, very good, excellent). In addition, the coefficient of variability (COV) was measured in a region of interest over the liver in order to quantify noise. Of the images obtained in 118 patients injected with greater than or equal to8 MBq/kg 18F-FDG, 92% and 90% were classified as good, very good or excellent by observer I and observer 2, respectively. The COV averaged 10.63%+/-3.19% for doses greater than or equal to8 MBq/kg and 16.46%+/-5.14% for doses <8 MBq/kg. Administration of an F-18-FDG dose of &GE;8 MBq/kg results in images of good to excellent quality in the vast majority of patients when using an LSO PET camera and applying a 3-min emission, 2-min transmission/bed position acquisition protocol. At lower doses, a rapid decline in image quality and increasing noise are observed. Alternative protocols should be adopted in order to compensate for the loss in image quality when doses <8 MBq/kg are used

Synthesis of nitrile-functionalized polydentate N-heterocycles as building blocks for covalent triazine frameworks

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) based on polydentate ligands are highly promising supports to anchor catalytic metal complexes. The modular nature of CTFs allows to tailor the composition, structure, and function to its specific application. Access to a broad range of chelating building blocks is therefore essential. In this respect, we extended the current available set of CTF building blocks with new nitrile-functionalized N-heterocyclic ligands. This paper presents the synthesis of the six ligands which vary in the extent of the aromatic system and the denticity. The new building blocks may help in a rational design of enhanced support materials in catalysis

A recyclable rhodium catalyst anchored onto a bipyridine covalent triazine framework for transfer hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes in water

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) based on polydentate ligands are highly promising supports to coordinate well-defined active metal complexes, hereby combining the well-known reactivity of homogeneous catalysts with the robustness and recyclability of heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we describe the immobilization of a half-sandwich Rh(III) complex onto a bipyridine-based CTF and its application for the transfer hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes in water with benign sodium formate as the hydrogen source. The heterogenized catalyst exhibited excellent activity toward a wide variety of quinoxalines and various other N-heteroarenes. Moreover, the catalyst maintained high activity during recycling and could be implemented in a continuous flow synthesis

Cognitive control interventions for depression: A systematic review of findings from training studies.

There is a strong interest in cognitive control training as a new intervention for depression. Given the recent promising meta-analytical findings regarding the effects of cognitive training on cognitive functioning and depressive symptomatology, the current review provides an in-depth discussion of the role of cognitive control in depression. We consider the state-of-the-art research on how manipulation of cognitive control may influence cognitive and depression-related outcomes. Evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive control training procedures are discussed in relation to three stages of depression (at-risk, clinically depressed, remission) as well as the training approach that was deployed, after which the putative theoretical mechanisms are discussed. Finally, we provide ways in which cognitive control training can be utilized in future research