Russell-like bodies in plant seeds share common features with prolamin bodies and occur upon recombinant protein production

Although many recombinant proteins have been produced in seeds at high yields without adverse effects on the plant, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and aberrant localization of endogenous or recombinant proteins have also been reported. The production of murine interleukin-10 (mIL-10) in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds resulted in the de novo formation of ER-derived structures containing a large fraction of the recombinant protein in an insoluble form. These bodies containing mIL-10 were morphologically similar to Russell bodies found in mammalian cells. We confirmed that the compartment containing mIL-10 was enclosed by ER membranes, and 3D electron microscopy revealed that these structures have a spheroidal shape. Another feature shared with Russell bodies is the continued viability of the cells that generate these organelles. To investigate similarities in the formation of Russell-like bodies and the plant-specific protein bodies formed by prolamins in cereal seeds, we crossed plants containing ectopic ER-derived prolamin protein bodies with a line accumulating mIL-10 in Russell-like bodies. This resulted in seeds containing only one population of protein bodies in which mIL-10 inclusions formed a central core surrounded by the prolamin-containing matrix, suggesting that both types of protein aggregates are together removed from the secretory pathway by a common mechanism. We propose that, like mammalian cells, plant cells are able to form Russell-like bodies as a self-protection mechanism, when they are overloaded with a partially transport-incompetent protein, and we discuss the resulting challenges for recombinant protein production

Dark Matter Searches with Levitated Sensors

Motivated by the current interest in employing quantum sensors on Earth and in space to conduct searches for new physics, we provide a perspective on the suitability of large-mass levitated optomechanical systems for observing dark matter signatures. We discuss conservative approaches of recoil detection through spectral analysis of coherently scattered light, enhancements of directional effects due to cross-correlation spectral densities, and the possibility of using quantum superpositions of mesoscopic test particles to measure rare events.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl

Подбор оборудования для эксплуатации скважин в условиях активного выноса песка на нефтяных месторождениях Западной Сибири

Цель работы – анализ известных представлений по проблеме пескопроявления в процессе эксплуатации скважин; анализ технологических и технических решений для борьбы с пескопроявлением. В результате даны рекомендации по использованию того или иного оборудования для получения наилучшего эффекта. Область применения: скважины, характеризующиеся высоким количеством песчаных частиц в извлекаемом флюиде, а также скважины, вскрывающие слабосцементированные песчаные породы.The purpose of the work is the analysis of well-known ideas on the problem of sand occurrence during the operation of wells; analysis of technologies and technical solutions for sand control. For the best effect. Scope: wells characterized by a high content of sand particles in the recovered fluid, as well as wells revealing weakly cemented sand formations

The EMBARC European Bronchiectasis Registry:protocol for an international observational study

Bronchiectasis is one of the most neglected diseases in respiratory medicine. There are no approved therapies and few large-scale, representative epidemiological studies. The EMBARC (European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration) registry is a prospective, pan-European observational study of patients with bronchiectasis. The inclusion criterion is a primary clinical diagnosis of bronchiectasis consisting of: 1) a clinical history consistent with bronchiectasis; and 2) computed tomography demonstrating bronchiectasis. Core exclusion criteria are: 1) bronchiectasis due to known cystic fibrosis; 2) age <18 years; and 3) patients who are unable or unwilling to provide informed consent. The study aims to enrol 1000 patients by April 2016 across at least 20 European countries, and 10 000 patients by March 2020. Patients will undergo a comprehensive baseline assessment and will be followed up annually for up to 5 years with the goal of providing high-quality longitudinal data on outcomes, treatment patterns and quality of life. Data from the registry will be available in the form of annual reports. and will be disseminated in conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. The European Bronchiectasis Registry aims to make a major contribution to understanding the natural history of the disease, as well as guiding evidence-based decision making and facilitating large randomised controlled trials.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The multicenter effectiveness study of inpatient and day hospital treatment in departments of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy in Germany

Background: Reliable outcome data of psychosomatic inpatient and day hospital treatment with a focus on psychotherapy are important to strengthen ecological validity by assessing the reality of mental health care in the field. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of inpatient and day hospital treatment in German university departments of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy in a prospective, naturalistic, multicenter design including structured assessments. Methods: Structured interviews were used to diagnose mental disorders according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV at baseline. Depression, anxiety, somatization, eating disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, as well as personality functioning were assessed by means of questionnaires on admission and at discharge. Results: 2,094 patients recruited by 19 participating university hospitals consented to participation in the study. Effect sizes for each of the outcome criteria were calculated for 4–5 sub-groups per outcome domain with differing severity at baseline. Pre-post effect sizes for patients with moderate and high symptom severity at baseline ranged from d = 0.78 to d = 3.61 with symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety showing the largest and somatization as well as personality functioning showing somewhat smaller effects. Conclusions: Inpatient and day hospital treatment in German university departments of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy is effective under field conditions. Clinical trial registration: https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00016412, identifier: DRKS00016412

Genome-wide identification and phenotypic characterization of seizure-associated copy number variations in 741,075 individuals

Copy number variants (CNV) are established risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders with seizures or epilepsy. With the hypothesis that seizure disorders share genetic risk factors, we pooled CNV data from 10,590 individuals with seizure disorders, 16,109 individuals with clinically validated epilepsy, and 492,324 population controls and identified 25 genome-wide significant loci, 22 of which are novel for seizure disorders, such as deletions at 1p36.33, 1q44, 2p21-p16.3, 3q29, 8p23.3-p23.2, 9p24.3, 10q26.3, 15q11.2, 15q12-q13.1, 16p12.2, 17q21.31, duplications at 2q13, 9q34.3, 16p13.3, 17q12, 19p13.3, 20q13.33, and reciprocal CNVs at 16p11.2, and 22q11.21. Using genetic data from additional 248,751 individuals with 23 neuropsychiatric phenotypes, we explored the pleiotropy of these 25 loci. Finally, in a subset of individuals with epilepsy and detailed clinical data available, we performed phenome-wide association analyses between individual CNVs and clinical annotations categorized through the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). For six CNVs, we identified 19 significant associations with specific HPO terms and generated, for all CNVs, phenotype signatures across 17 clinical categories relevant for epileptologists. This is the most comprehensive investigation of CNVs in epilepsy and related seizure disorders, with potential implications for clinical practice

Oxalic acid for the control of varroosis in honey bee colonies – a review

The review summarizes research results on the use of oxalic acid as an acaricide in honey bee colonies. Three different treatment techniques (i.e. trickling, evaporation and spraying) have been developed for the application of oxalic acid. Detailed information is given on the efficacy against Varroa destructor, tolerability by Apis mellifera, protective procedures for the user, residue situation and consumer safety, as well as recommendations for use

Effect of the Propolis Components, Cinnamic Acid and Pinocembrin, on Apis Mellifera and Ascosphaera Apis

The value of propolis as a disinfectant agent in the bee hive is considerable. We investigated the fungistatic effect of cinnamic acid and pinocembrin on the pathogen Ascosphaera apis causing chalkbrood disease in bee colonies in the laboratory with an agar diffusion test on malt extract agar. The minimal fungicide inhibitory concentration was 0.5% for cinnamic acid and 1.5% for pinocembrin (MIC -values). Both substances were tested by individual application for adult bee tolerance in a range of dosages and for brood tolerance (L1 - L5) referring to the MIC values. The dermal toxicity of adult bees for cinnamic acid and pinocembrin was low, a maximum of 3.3% even in the highest dosage of 1000 μg (concentration 20%) and 250 μg (concentration 5%) per bee, respectively. The mortality rates showed no significant differences to the controls (z-test, p≤0.05). First results on brood tolerability after application of test substances resulted in larval mortality but primarily in the group of young larvae. The mortality reduced simultaneous with the increasing larval weight. The total larval mortality 72 hours after the application over all stages was 28.7% for cinnamic acid and 13.1% for pinocembrin (positive control group 24.8%; negative control group 15.4%). The test groups showed no significant increased mortality compared to the control groups (z-test, p≥0.05). Both substances have in vitro fungicide potential and can be considered as potential active agents against A. apis in honey bee drugs. The results provide high tolerance of adult bees and an indication for larval tolerability most notably in elder larvae

UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUM BAUVERHALTEN DER HONIGBIENE (APIS MELLIFICA)

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