Export Competitiveness of Central and Eastern Europe Since the Enlargement of the EU

We use constant market share (CMS) analysis to decompose changes in the export shares of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) economies in the period since the 5th enlargement of the European Union (EU) and measure changes in export competitiveness. We find that the CEE transition economies have generally increased their world export competitiveness, but gains in market share have been tempered by a poor match between both the commodity and regional export profiles of most of the CEE economies and the changes in the world import profile, and by generally slow adaptation of the region to changes in the latter on both the commodity and regional dimensions. Changes in export competitiveness in the region overall are instead driven largely by expansions of market share within the EU. Using a new method we show that only a small proportion of the change in the trade share is attributable to changes in the extensive margin. We discuss possible policy implications

INFLATION VS. UNEMPLOYMENT - SOME POLEMIC ISSUES

The relationship between the rate of inflation and the rate of unemployment is one of the most discussed macroeconomic issues in economic theory and business practice. A. W. Phillips published in 1958 his pioneering article and for the first time pointed to this relationship. Later the issue was addressed by other prominent economists: P. Samuelson, R. Solow, M. Friedman and E. Phelps. The original Phillips curve, as a part of the Keynesian theory instruments, formed the basis of Keynesian economic policy. The monetarist interpretation of Phillips curve is based on so-called natural rate of unemployment and inflation expectations. Currently there are turbulent debates, often contradictory and conflicting, under way over the validity of the Phillips curve and over the various factors that affect the relationship between unemployment and inflation. The paper deals with the polemic issues of mutual relationship between unemployment and inflation and presents European perspectives as well. Both inflation and unemployment belongs to the convergence criteria relevant for a successful monetary union. Eurozone countries have relevantly different trends in the competitive position due to different inflation and wage growth

How to Analyze the Association between Two Categorical Variables Based on Census Data with a High Level of Nonresponse

Statistical surveys are often used in shaping managerial policy and practice. In this paper we study, how to analyze the association between two categorical variables based on census data with a high level of nonresponse. The purpose is to discuss the suggested approach to the investigation. We used the census data from the survey executed at one Slovak University for testing the new process. The proposed process offers the methods of analysis of the association between two categorical variables based on pseudo-population estimated from the census data with a high level of nonresponse. We recommend using the process in the surveys in which the costs of survey execution by the census are practically not different from sample survey costs, and the connections to all units of the population are available

Ionization energies in solution with the QM : QM approach

We discuss a fragment-based QM:QM scheme as a practical way to access the energetics of vertical electronic processes in the condensed phase. In the QM:QM scheme, we decompose the large molecular system into small fragments, which interact solely electrostatically. The energies of the fragments are calculated in a self-consistent field generated by the other fragments and the total energy of the system is calculated as a sum of the fragment energies. We show on two test cases (cytosine and a sodium cation) that the method allows one to accurately simulate the shift of vertical ionization energies (VIE) while going from the gas phase to the bulk. For both examples, the predicted solvent shifts and peak widths estimated at the DFT level agree well with the experimental observations. We argue that the QM:QM approach is more suitable than either an electrostatic embedding based QM/MM approach, a full quantum description at the DFT level with a generally used functional or a combination of both. We also discuss the potential scope of the applicability for other electronic processes such as Auger decay.Peer reviewe

The impact of EMU integration on GDP and productivity in the Baltic countries

We examined the effect of the accession to the Eurozone using the method of synthetic control groups. This method enabled us to compare the performance of the Estonian, Lithuanian, and Latvian economies with a combination of countries that have not accessed the Eurozone yet. We constructed a synthetic Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia model as synthetic control units from a donor pool to evaluate the impact of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on macroeconomic performance through synthetic control groups. The donor pool in our model consisted of European countries that do not use the euro. We used annual data from 1990 to 2019 for models with GDP and productivity. The results indicate that deciding to enter the Eurozone could increase productivity – measured as GDP over employment. Or in other words - if these Baltic countries did not join the euro, their GDP per employer would be lower than the actual. Accession to the Eurozone or ERM II has not increased or decreased GDP in Baltic countries as much as productivity

A Survey of the Autonomy, Accountability, Effectiveness and Governance of Slovak State-Owned Enterprises

Fourteen Slovak state-owned enterprises were studied, using published data and structured interviews with management. A novel methodology is used to assess SOE autonomy, effectiveness, accountability and governance. Variations in operating conditions reflect different government objectives and different ownership models. Mixed state-private firms performed more like competitive firms than did wholly state-owned SOEs. This information was fed into an assessment of Slovak SOEs’ compliance with the 2015 OECD Guidelines on SOE Corporate Governance. There are many differences between Slovak practice and the Guidelines. This may reflect a choice to favour government interests, rather than the OECD’s inclusion of a wider group of stakeholders. One cost is foregone efficiency gains. Another is the perception that the present highly opaque governance system hides corruption.JEL Codes - G30; H44; L32; L33; P2

Observation of electron transfer mediated decay in aqueous solution

Photoionization is at the heart of X ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS , which gives access to important information on a sample s local chemical environment. Local and non local electronic decay after photoionization in which the refilling of core holes results in electron emission from either the initially ionized species or a neighbour, respectively have been well studied. However, electron transfer mediated decay ETMD , which involves the refilling of a core hole by an electron from a neighbouring species, has not yet been observed in condensed phase. Here we report the experimental observation of ETMD in an aqueous LiCl solution by detecting characteristic secondary low energy electrons using liquid microjet soft XPS. Experimental results are interpreted using molecular dynamics and high level ab initio calculations. We show that both solvent molecules and counterions participate in the ETMD processes, and different ion associations have distinctive spectral fingerprints. Furthermore, ETMD spectra are sensitive to coordination numbers, ion solvent distances and solvent arrangemen

Design an intervention program for overweight women

Title: Design an intervention program for overweight women. Objectives: Show an importance of lifestyle changes, a modification of diet habits and an inclusion of physical activities in overweight or obesity therapy. Find which aspects made positive influence to the state. Methods: For this study ten overweight women were chosen. Five of them were aged between 22 and 25 years old and other five were from 36 to 43 years old. None of them do some sport professionally now or in the past. Selected women wanted to change their lifestyle and this study should help them with it. I asked them about their earlier activities, their health and relationship to food. I measured them with a bioimpedance analyzer and a sartorial meter. I also measured their wight on personal scale. It was last parameter which I was interested in. The individual intervention program for 103 days was established based on all founded parameters. After these days I evaluated the influence of the intervention program on overweight changes. Results: The study demonstrate that physical activities, diet changes and lifestyle changes have a big influence on overweight or obesity fight. My first hypothesis was confirmed. It said that the personal weight and the body fat percentage decrease after 103 days with physical activities and change..

Comparison of Chosen nursery schools´economy

Import 24/11/2006Prezenční153 - Katedra veřejné ekonomik