Inventario micobiótico de la región de Tapalpa, Jalisco, México

A list of 233 taxa (species and varieties) of fungi (229 macromycetes and four micromycetes) from Tapalpa region, State of Jalisco (Mexico) is presented. The studied material was collected from 2000 to 2003, mainly in Pinus and Quercus forests. Additional specimens from the IBUG herbarium gathered in this region were also studied. Twenty-one taxa are first records from Jalisco State. In the studied fungi, 205 (88%) species belong to Basidiomycota, 22 (9.5%) to Ascomycota, and 6 (2.5%) to Myxomycota. This is the first mycological inventory of the area.Se presentan 233 taxa (especies y variedades) de hongos (229 macromicetes y cuatro micromicetes) de la región de Tapalpa, Jalisco. El material estudiado fue recolectado en los años 2000 al 2003, principalmente en bosques de Pinus y Quercus. Se examinaron además otros ejemplares depositados en el Herbario IBUG provenientes de dicha área. Se registran por primera vez de Jalisco 21 taxa. Doscientos cinco especies (88%) pertenecen a Basidiomycota, 22 (9.5%) a Ascomycota y 6 (2.5%) a Myxomycota. Éste constituye el primer inventario micológico de la zona

Climate change and conservation in a warm North American desert: effect in shrubby plants

Background Deserts are biologically rich habitats with a vast array of animals and plants adapted to xeric conditions, and most deserts are among the planet’s last remaining areas of total wilderness. Among North American deserts, the Chihuahuan Desert has the highest levels of diversity and endemism. To understand the effect of future climate change on plants distributed in this arid land and propose effective conservation planning, we focused on five endemic shrubby species that characterize the Chihuahuan Desert and used an integrative approach. Methods Ecological niche-based modeling, spatial genetics and ecological resistance analyses were carried out to identify the effect of global warming on the studied five shrubby species. Key areas that need to be preserved were identified taking into account the existing protected areas within the Chihuahuan Desert. Results The extent of future distribution will vary among these species, and on average expansion will occur in the western part of the Chihuahuan Desert. For most species low environmental resistance to gene flow was predicted, while higher future resistance was predicted for one species that would lead to increased population isolation. The highest haplotype diversity was identified in three hotspots. Based on future suitability of habitat and in the haplotype diversity we suggest preserving two hotspots of genetic diversity in the Sierra Madre Oriental, located in areas without protection. The third hotspot was detected in the well preserved Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Man and Biosphere Reserve. Conclusion Global climate change will have an effect in arid adapted plants, favoring expansion in the western of the Chihuahuan Desert however negatively affecting others with high ecological resistance disrupting gene flow. Two hotspots of genetic diversity in the Sierra Madre Oriental should be protected

A mistletoe tale: postglacial invasion of Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae) to Mesoamerican cloud forests revealed by molecular data and species distribution modeling

Map showing collecting sites of Psittacanthus schiedeanus. Numbers refer to collection sites and thin ellipses show collecting sites within the cloud forest areas. Region abbreviations are as follows: nSMO northern Sierra Madre Oriental, cSMO central Sierra Madre Oriental, sSMO southern Sierra Madre Oriental, CHIS Chiapan Highlands (cCHIS and pCHIS) separated by the Central Depression that together with Guatemala form the region Trans-Isthmian Highlands (TIH), OAX Oaxacan drylands. (PDF 5098 kb

Inventario micobiótico de la región de Tapalpa, Jalisco, México

A list of 233 taxa (species and varieties) of fungi (229 macromycetes and four micromycetes) from Tapalpa region, State of Jalisco (Mexico) is presented. The studied material was collected from 2000 to 2003, mainly in Pinus and Quercus forests. Additional specimens from the IBUG herbarium gathered in this region were also studied. Twenty-one taxa are first records from Jalisco State. In the studied fungi, 205 (88%) species belong to Basidiomycota, 22 (9.5%) to Ascomycota, and 6 (2.5%) to Myxomycota. This is the first mycological inventory of the area.Se presentan 233 taxa (especies y variedades) de hongos (229 macromicetes y cuatro micromicetes) de la región de Tapalpa, Jalisco. El material estudiado fue recolectado en los años 2000 al 2003, principalmente en bosques de Pinus y Quercus. Se examinaron además otros ejemplares depositados en el Herbario IBUG provenientes de dicha área. Se registran por primera vez de Jalisco 21 taxa. Doscientos cinco especies (88%) pertenecen a Basidiomycota, 22 (9.5%) a Ascomycota y 6 (2.5%) a Myxomycota. Éste constituye el primer inventario micológico de la zona

Data from: Historical reconstruction of climatic and elevation preferences and the evolution of cloud forest-adapted tree ferns in Mesoamerica

Background. Cloud forest, characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud cover and a fragmented distribution, is one of the most threatened habitats especially in the Neotropics. Tree ferns are among the most conspicuous elements in these forests and ferns are restricted to regions in which minimum temperatures rarely drop below freezing and rainfall is high and evenly distributed around the year. Current phylogeographic data suggest that some of the cloud forest-adapted species remained in situ or expanded to the lowlands during glacial cycles and contracted allopatrically during the interglacials. Although the observed genetic signals of population size changes of cloud forest-adapted species including tree ferns correspond to predicted changes by Pleistocene climate change dynamics, the observed patterns of intraspecific lineage divergence showed temporal incongruence. Methods. Here we combined phylogenetic analyses, ancestral area reconstruction, and divergence time estimates with climatic and altitudinal data (environmental space) for phenotypic traits of tree fern species to make inferences about evolutionary processes in deep time. We used phylogenetic Bayesian inference and geographic and altitudinal distribution of tree ferns to investigate the ancestral area and elevation and environmental preferences of Mesoamerican tree ferns. The phylogeny was then used to estimate divergence times and ask whether the ancestral area and elevation and environmental shifts were linked to climatic events and historical climatic preferences. Results. Bayesian trees retrieved Cyathea, Alsophila, Gymnosphaera and Sphaeropteris in monophyletic clades. Splits for species in these genera found in the Mesoamerican cloud forests are recent, from the Neogene to the Quaternary. Australia was identified as the ancestral area for the clades of these genera, except for Gymnosphaera that was Mesoamerica. Climate tolerance was not divergent from hypothesized ancestors for the four most significant variables or elevation. For elevational shifts we found repeated changes from low to high elevations. Conclusions. Our data suggest that representatives of Cyatheaceae main lineages migrated from Australia to Mesoamerican cloud forests in different times and have persisted in these environmentally unstable areas but extant species diverged recently from their ancestors

Historical reconstruction of climatic and elevation preferences and the evolution of cloud forest-adapted tree ferns in Mesoamerica

Background Cloud forests, characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud cover and fragmented distribution, are one of the most threatened habitats, especially in the Neotropics. Tree ferns are among the most conspicuous elements in these forests, and ferns are restricted to regions in which minimum temperatures rarely drop below freezing and rainfall is high and evenly distributed around the year. Current phylogeographic data suggest that some of the cloud forest-adapted species remained in situ or expanded to the lowlands during glacial cycles and contracted allopatrically during the interglacials. Although the observed genetic signals of population size changes of cloud forest-adapted species including tree ferns correspond to predicted changes by Pleistocene climate change dynamics, the observed patterns of intraspecific lineage divergence showed temporal incongruence. Methods Here we combined phylogenetic analyses, ancestral area reconstruction, and divergence time estimates with climatic and altitudinal data (environmental space) for phenotypic traits of tree fern species to make inferences about evolutionary processes in deep time. We used phylogenetic Bayesian inference and geographic and altitudinal distribution of tree ferns to investigate ancestral area and elevation and environmental preferences of Mesoamerican tree ferns. The phylogeny was then used to estimate divergence times and ask whether the ancestral area and elevation and environmental shifts were linked to climatic events and historical climatic preferences. Results Bayesian trees retrieved Cyathea, Alsophyla, Gymnosphaera and Sphaeropteris in monophyletic clades. Splits for species in these genera found in Mesoamerican cloud forests are recent, from the Neogene to the Quaternary, Australia was identified as the ancestral area for the clades of these genera, except for Gymnosphaera that was Mesoamerica. Climate tolerance was not divergent from hypothesized ancestors for the most significant variables or elevation. For elevational shifts, we found repeated change from low to high elevations. Conclusions Our data suggest that representatives of Cyatheaceae main lineages migrated from Australia to Mesoamerican cloud forests in different times and have persisted in these environmentally unstable areas but extant species diverged recentrly from their ancestors

DataMatrixTreeFerns

Molecular data matrix comprising all taxa of tree ferns used in phylogenetic analyses

Bioclimatic variables

This file includes values for every climate variable from WorldClim for every species (for variable definitions see: http://www.worldclim.org/bioclim). Further information about WorldClim in Hijmans, R.J., S.E. Cameron, J.L. Parra, P.G. Jones and A. Jarvis, 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: 1965-1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.127