Map showing collecting sites of Psittacanthus schiedeanus. Numbers refer to collection sites and thin ellipses show collecting sites within the cloud forest areas. Region abbreviations are as follows: nSMO northern Sierra Madre Oriental, cSMO central Sierra Madre Oriental, sSMO southern Sierra Madre Oriental, CHIS Chiapan Highlands (cCHIS and pCHIS) separated by the Central Depression that together with Guatemala form the region Trans-Isthmian Highlands (TIH), OAX Oaxacan drylands. (PDF 5098 kb

Andrés Ernesto Ortiz-Rodriguez

Antonio Acini Vásquez-Aguilar

Clementina González

Eduardo Ruiz-Sanchez

Etelvina Gándara

Juan Francisco Ornelas

María Teresa Mejía Saules

Santiago Ramírez-Barahona

BMC Evolutionary Biology

PubMed

Background: Ecological adaptation to host taxa is thought to result in mistletoe speciation via race formation. However, historical and ecological factors could also contribute to explain genetic structuring particularly when mistletoe host races are distributed allopatrically. Using sequence data from nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (trnL-F) DNA, we investigate the genetic differentiation of 31 Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae) populations across the Mesoamerican species range. We conducted phylogenetic, population and spatial genetic analyses on 274 individuals of P. schiedeanus to gain insight of the evolutionary history of these populations. Species distribution modeling, isolation with migration and Bayesian inference methods were used to infer the evolutionary transition of mistletoe invasion, in which evolutionary scenarios were compared through posterior probabilities. Results: Our analyses revealed shallow levels of population structure with three genetic groups present across the sample area. Nine haplotypes were identified after sequencing the trnL-F intergenic spacer. These haplotypes showed phylogeographic structure, with three groups with restricted gene flow corresponding to the distribution of individuals/populations separated by habitat (cloud forest localities from San Luis Potosí to northwestern Oaxaca and Chiapas, localities with xeric vegetation in central Oaxaca, and localities with tropical deciduous forests in Chiapas), with post-glacial population expansions and potentially corresponding to post-glacial invasion types. Similarly, 44 ITS ribotypes suggest phylogeographic structure, despite the fact that most frequent ribotypes are widespread indicating effective nuclear gene flow via pollen. Gene flow estimates, a significant genetic signal of demographic expansion, and range shifts under past climatic conditions predicted by species distribution modeling suggest post-glacial invasion of P. schiedeanus mistletoes to cloud forests. However, Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) analyses strongly supported a scenario of simultaneous divergence among the three groups isolated recently. Conclusions: Our results provide support for the predominant role of isolation and environmental factors in driving genetic differentiation of Mesoamerican parrot-flower mistletoes. The ABC results are consistent with a scenario of post-glacial mistletoe invasion, independent of host identity, and that habitat types recently isolated P. schiedeanus populations, accumulating slight phenotypic differences among genetic groups due to recent migration across habitats. Under this scenario, climatic fluctuations throughout the Pleistocene would have altered the distribution of suitable habitat for mistletoes throughout Mesoamerica leading to variation in population continuity and isolation. Our findings add to an understanding of the role of recent isolation and colonization in shaping cloud forest communities in the region

Ornelas, Juan Francisco

Gándara, Etelvina

Vásquez-Aguilar, Antonio Acini

Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago

Ortiz-Rodríguez, Andrés Ernesto

González, Clementina

Mejía Saules, María Teresa

Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo

Electronic Archiving System

Data from: A mistletoe tale: postglacial invasion of Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae) to Mesoamerican cloud forests revealed by molecular data and species distribution modeling

Springer - Publisher Connector

A mistletoe tale: postglacial invasion of Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae) to Mesoamerican cloud forests revealed by molecular data and species distribution modeling

Crossref

Background: Ecological adaptation to host taxa is thought to result in mistletoe speciation via race formation. However, historical and ecological factors could also contribute to explain genetic structuring particularly when mistletoe host races are distributed allopatrically. Using sequence data from nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (trnL-F) DNA, we investigate the genetic differentiation of 31 Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae) populations across the Mesoamerican species range. We conducted phylogenetic, population and spatial genetic analyses on 274 individuals of P. schiedeanus to gain insight of the evolutionary history of these populations. Species distribution modeling, isolation with migration and Bayesian inference methods were used to infer the evolutionary transition of mistletoe invasion, in which evolutionary scenarios were compared through posterior probabilities.  Results: Our analyses revealed shallow levels of population structure with three genetic groups present across the sample area. Nine haplotypes were identified after sequencing the trnL-F intergenic spacer. These haplotypes showed phylogeographic structure, with three groups with restricted gene flow corresponding to the distribution of individuals/populations separated by habitat (cloud forest localities from San Luis Potosí to northwestern Oaxaca and Chiapas, localities with xeric vegetation in central Oaxaca, and localities with tropical deciduous forests in Chiapas), with post-glacial population expansions and potentially corresponding to post-glacial invasion types. Similarly, 44 ITS ribotypes suggest phylogeographic structure, despite the fact that most frequent ribotypes are widespread indicating effective nuclear gene flow via pollen. Gene flow estimates, a significant genetic signal of demographic expansion, and range shifts under past climatic conditions predicted by species distribution modeling suggest post-glacial invasion of P. schiedeanus mistletoes to cloud forests. However, Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) analyses strongly supported a scenario of simultaneous divergence among the three groups isolated recently.  Conclusions: Our results provide support for the predominant role of isolation and environmental factors in driving genetic differentiation of Mesoamerican parrot-flower mistletoes. The ABC results are consistent with a scenario of post-glacial mistletoe invasion, independent of host identity, and that habitat types recently isolated P. schiedeanus populations, accumulating slight phenotypic differences among genetic groups due to recent migration across habitats. Under this scenario, climatic fluctuations throughout the Pleistocene would have altered the distribution of suitable habitat for mistletoes throughout Mesoamerica leading to variation in population continuity and isolation. Our findings add to an understanding of the role of recent isolation and colonization in shaping cloud forest communities in the region

Dryad Digital Repository (Duke University)

Haplotype information. Number of genetically analyzed samples (n) for each molecular marker (ITS and trnL-F) and number of distinct ribotypes (R) and haplotypes (H) found in Psittacanthus schiedeanus individuals sampled, and the number of individuals per ribotype or haplotype in parentheses. Codes are from networks in Figs. 4 and 5. (DOC 73 kb

Juan Ornelas (3520088)

Etelvina Gándara (3252117)

Antonio Vásquez-Aguilar (3520094)

Santiago Ramírez-Barahona (3252120)

Andrés Ortiz-Rodriguez (3520091)

Clementina González (280744)

María Mejía Saules (3520085)

Eduardo Ruiz-Sanchez (280748)

The Francis Crick Institute

Additional file 5: of A mistletoe tale: postglacial invasion of Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae) to Mesoamerican cloud forests revealed by molecular data and species distribution modeling

Additional file 1: of A mistletoe tale: postglacial invasion of Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae) to Mesoamerican cloud forests revealed by molecular data and species distribution modeling

Outgroup sampling. Geographic location, GenBank accession numbers and voucher information of Psittacanthus species used in this study. IDs reported refer to accession numbers in the Instituto de Ecología, AC (XAL) and Universidade de São Pablo (USP) herbaria. (DOC 83 kb

Additional file 3: of A mistletoe tale: postglacial invasion of Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae) to Mesoamerican cloud forests revealed by molecular data and species distribution modeling

Phylogenetic trees of ITS, trnL-F and ITS+trnL-F. Bayesian posterior probabilities for MrBayes analyses. Illustrations of tree topologies based on (a) ITS, (b) trnL-F, and (c) concatenated sequences for samples of the Psittacanthus clade. The values above branches denote posterior probabilities (PP). The distal portion of the phylogeny based on concatenated sequences is shown, representing the Psittacanthus schiedeanus samples through other Psittacanthus species (d). (PDF 325 kb

Additional file 4: of A mistletoe tale: postglacial invasion of Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae) to Mesoamerican cloud forests revealed by molecular data and species distribution modeling

A mistletoe tale: postglacial invasion of Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae) to Mesoamerican cloud forests revealed by molecular data and species distribution modeling

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Dryad Digital Repository (Duke University)

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