En la escuela si esta mi combo : relatos de docentes sobre experiencias de salud mental

Esta obra reúne los relatos de docentes y orientadores escolares que asumieron el reto de acompañar a sus estudiantes e instituciones en la búsqueda de un buen vivir. En ellos nos cuentan las dudas, certezas, temores, desilusiones y satisfacciones que tuvieron a la hora de enfrentar las complejas situaciones en las que sus estudiantes se veían envueltos y cómo idearon o encontraron estrategias y recursos para ayudar a resolverlas desde la creatividad, el conocimiento o la intuición, pero, sobre todo, a partir de un firme deseo de ayudar. Las historias fueron recopiladas en diferentes regiones del país durante el desarrollo del Diplomado virtual Orientando hacia la Salud Mental en Instituciones Educativas, ofrecido en el marco del Programa de Intervenciones en Salud Mental, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital San Ignacio, con apoyo de Colciencias, con la intención de difundir las valiosas experiencias que sus participantes compartieron espontáneamente y de esa manera, continuar promoviendo la reflexión sobre la importancia de la salud mental en el ámbito escolar.Bogot

Análisis de los modelos pedagógicos implementados en tres instituciones educativas del sector oficial de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali

El presente Trabajo Final de Maestría pretendió responder a la cuestión de cuál de los dos modelos mencionados prevalecen en tres instituciones educativas del sector oficial de la ciudad de Cali. El cuerpo teórico que conforma el presente informe es el resultado de esta pretensión.Maestrí

El desarrollo local y la formación de la competencia pedagógica de emprendimiento. Una necesidad en el contexto social de Cuba

Updated management leading to enhance and strengthen local development in Cuba goes through a proper identification and use of endogenous resources, from the local level must be achieved with intelligence, leadership and independence of action, the latter involving a change in the conception of the local public administration, which must have the privileges necessary to operate under this principle. The role of University in the process of local development is, among others, form the necessary human talent so that men with high capacity of entrepreneurship energize and materialize the aspiration, to diagnose inadequacies and competencies for training to direct actors and indirect which guarantee the proper understanding of the need, the opportunity and the real possibilities for the development of the country represents a self-sufficient economy based on a new role assumed by the local society. Popular participation is the basis of the process, here the importance of the management of the municipal governments, which are integrated and coherent actions on an objective platform, interrelated real possibilities, resources and demands creative, dynamic and flexible way. A decentralized management would properly ensure greater effectiveness in achieving systemic function that plays the municipal organization in Cuban society. It is enable the splitting of the capacities and resources which would enhance and multiply the production, at the same time that ensure greater responsibility and possibility of seeking solutions from the particular to the urgent problems that presents all local society.Una gestión actualizada que conduzca a potenciar y fortalecer un desarrollo local en Cuba transita por una adecuada identificación y uso de los recursos endógenos, que desde el ámbito local se tiene que lograr con inteligencia, liderazgo e independencia de actuación, implica esta última un cambio en la concepción de la administración pública local, la cual debe poseer las prerrogativas necesarias para funcionar bajo este principio. Emprender es una cualidad humana que posibilita al individuo construir universos deseables, es el reflejo de su condición superior, es la expresión de su evolución y existencia, marcada por la intención reiterada de superarse, la escuela cubana tiene que atemperar su actuación a esta dinámica social, hay que formar hombres con pensamiento crítico, con autonomía de actuación que transformen las necesidades sociales en oportunidades, es enseñarlos a emprender. Una gestión descentralizada garantizaría adecuadamente una mayor efectividad en el logro de la función sistémica que juega la organización municipal en la sociedad cubana. Se trata de posibilitar el desdoblamiento de las capacidades y recursos que potenciarían y multiplicarían la producció

Educational inequalities and premature mortality: the Cuba Prospective Study

Background Although socioeconomic status is a major determinant of premature mortality in many populations, the impact of social inequalities on premature mortality in Cuba, a country with universal education and health care, remains unclear. We aimed to assess the association between educational level and premature adult mortality in Cuba. Methods The Cuba Prospective Study (a cohort study) enrolled 146 556 adults aged 30 years and older from the general population in five provinces from Jan 1, 1996, to Nov 24, 2002. Participants were followed up until Jan 1, 2017, for cause-specific mortality. Deaths were identified through linkage to the Cuban Public Health Ministry's national mortality records. Cox regression models yielded rate ratios (RRs) for the effect of educational level (a commonly used measure for social status) on mortality at ages 35–74 years, with assessment for the mediating effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, and BMI. Findings A total of 127 273 participants aged 35–74 years were included in the analyses. There was a strong inverse association between educational level and premature mortality. Compared with a university education, men who did not complete primary education had an approximately 60% higher risk of premature mortality (RR 1·55, 95% CI 1·40–1·72), while the risk was approximately doubled in women (1·96, 1·81–2·13). Overall, 28% of premature deaths could be attributed to lower education levels. Excess mortality in women was primarily due to vascular disease, while vascular disease and cancer were equally important in men. 31% of the association with education in men and 18% in women could be explained by common modifiable risk factors, with smoking having the largest effect. Interpretation This study highlights the value of understanding the determinants of health inequalities in different populations. Although many major determinants lie outside the health system in Cuba, this study has identified the diseases and risk factors that require targeted public health interventions, particularly smoking. Funding UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, CDC Foundation (with support from Amgen)

Burden of hypertension and associated risks for cardiovascular mortality in Cuba: a prospective cohort study

Summary: Background: In Cuba, hypertension control in primary care has been prioritised as a cost-effective means of addressing premature death from cardiovascular disease. However, there is little evidence from large-scale studies on the prevalence and management of hypertension in Cuba, and no direct evidence of the expected benefit of such efforts on cardiovascular mortality. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, adults in the general population identified via local family medical practices were interviewed between Jan 1, 1996, and Nov 24, 2002, in five areas of Cuba, and a subset of participants were resurveyed between July 14, 2006, and Oct 19, 2008, in one area. During household visits, blood pressure was measured and information obtained on diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. We calculated the prevalence of hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or receiving treatment for hypertension) and the proportion of people with hypertension in whom it was diagnosed, treated, and controlled (systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg). Deaths were identified through linkage by national identification numbers to the Cuban Public Health Ministry records, to Dec 31, 2016. We used Cox regression analysis to compare cardiovascular mortality between participants with versus without uncontrolled hypertension. Rate ratios (RRs) were used to estimate the fraction of cardiovascular deaths attributable to hypertension. Findings: 146 556 participants were interviewed in the baseline survey in 1996–2002 and 24 345 were interviewed in the resurvey in 2006–08. After exclusion for incomplete data and age outside the range of interest, 136 111 respondents aged 35–79 years (mean age 54 [SD 12] years; 75 947 [56%] women, 60 164 [44%] men) were eligible for inclusion in the analyses. 34% of participants had hypertension. Among these, 67% had a diagnosis of hypertension. 76% of participants with diagnosed hypertension were receiving treatment and blood pressure was controlled in 36% of those people. During 1·7 million person-years of follow-up there were 5707 cardiovascular deaths. In the age groups 35–59, 60–69, and 70–79 years, uncontrolled hypertension at baseline was associated with RRs of 2·15 (95% CI 1·88–2·46), 1·86 (1·69–2·05), and 1·41 (1·32–1·52), respectively, and accounted for around 20% of premature cardiovascular deaths. Interpretation: In this Cuban population, a third of people had hypertension. Although levels of hypertension diagnosis and treatment were commensurate with those in some high-income countries, the proportion of participants whose blood pressure was controlled was low. As well as reducing hypertension prevalence, improvement in blood pressure control among people with diagnosed hypertension is required to prevent premature cardiovascular deaths in Cuba. Funding: Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK