10 research outputs found
Creating a high-resolution picture of Cygnus with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
The Cygnus region hosts one of the most remarkable star-forming regions in
the Milky Way. Indeed, the total mass in molecular gas of the Cygnus X complex
exceeds 10 times the total mass of all other nearby star-forming regions.
Surveys at all wavelengths, from radio to gamma-rays, reveal that Cygnus
contains such a wealth and variety of sources---supernova remnants (SNRs),
pulsars, pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), H II regions, Wolf-Rayet binaries, OB
associations, microquasars, dense molecular clouds and superbubbles---as to
practically be a galaxy in microcosm. The gamma-ray observations along reveal a
wealth of intriguing sources at energies between 1 GeV and tens of TeV.
However, a complete understanding of the physical phenomena producing this
gamma-ray emission first requires us to disentangle overlapping sources and
reconcile discordant pictures at different energies. This task is made more
challenging by the limited angular resolution of instruments such as the Fermi
Large Area Telescope, ARGO-YBJ, and HAWC and the limited sensitivity and field
of view of current imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). The
Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), with its improved angular resolution, large
field of view, and order of magnitude gain in sensitivity over current IACTs,
has the potential to finally create a coherent and well-resolved picture of the
Cygnus region between a few tens of GeV and a hundred TeV. We describe a
proposed strategy to study the Cygnus region using CTA data, which combines a
survey of the whole region at and with deeper observations of two sub-regions that host rich
groups of known gamma-ray sources.Comment: In Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference
(ICRC2015), The Hague, The Netherlands. All CTA contributions at
arXiv:1508.0589
Creating a high-resolution picture of Cygnus with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
The Cygnus region hosts one of the most remarkable star-forming regions in
the Milky Way. Indeed, the total mass in molecular gas of the Cygnus X complex
exceeds 10 times the total mass of all other nearby star-forming regions.
Surveys at all wavelengths, from radio to gamma-rays, reveal that Cygnus
contains such a wealth and variety of sources---supernova remnants (SNRs),
pulsars, pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), H II regions, Wolf-Rayet binaries, OB
associations, microquasars, dense molecular clouds and superbubbles---as to
practically be a galaxy in microcosm. The gamma-ray observations along reveal a
wealth of intriguing sources at energies between 1 GeV and tens of TeV.
However, a complete understanding of the physical phenomena producing this
gamma-ray emission first requires us to disentangle overlapping sources and
reconcile discordant pictures at different energies. This task is made more
challenging by the limited angular resolution of instruments such as the Fermi
Large Area Telescope, ARGO-YBJ, and HAWC and the limited sensitivity and field
of view of current imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). The
Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), with its improved angular resolution, large
field of view, and order of magnitude gain in sensitivity over current IACTs,
has the potential to finally create a coherent and well-resolved picture of the
Cygnus region between a few tens of GeV and a hundred TeV. We describe a
proposed strategy to study the Cygnus region using CTA data, which combines a
survey of the whole region at and with deeper observations of two sub-regions that host rich
groups of known gamma-ray sources
Evidence for muon neutrino oscillation in an accelerator-based experiment
We present results for muon neutrino oscillation in the KEK to Kamioka (K2K)
long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. K2K uses an accelerator-produced
muon neutrino beam with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV directed at the
Super-Kamiokande detector. We observed the energy dependent disappearance of
muon neutrino, which we presume have oscillated to tau neutrino. The
probability that we would observe these results if there is no neutrino
oscillation is 0.0050% (4.0 sigma).Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Search for coherent charged pion production in neutrino-carbon interactions
We report the result from a search for charged-current coherent pion
production induced by muon neutrinos with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV. The data
are collected with a fully active scintillator detector in the K2K
long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. No evidence for coherent pion
production is observed and an upper limit of is set on
the cross section ratio of coherent pion production to the total
charged-current interaction at 90% confidence level. This is the first
experimental limit for coherent charged pion production in the energy region of
a few GeV.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Evidence for muon neutrino oscillation in an accelerator-based experiment
We present results for νμ oscillation in the KEK to Kamioka (K2K) long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. K2K uses an accelerator-produced νμ beam with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV directed at the Super-Kamiokande detector. We observed the energy-dependent disappearance of νμ, which we presume have oscillated to ντ. The probability that we would observe these results if there is no neutrino oscillation is 0.0050% (4.0σ)
Search for coherent charged pion production in neutrino-carbon interactions
We report the result from a search for charged-current coherent pion production induced by muon neutrinos with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV. The data are collected with a fully active scintillator detector in the K2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. No evidence for coherent pion production is observed and an upper limit of 0.60×10−2 is set on the cross section ratio of coherent pion production to the total charged-current interaction at 90% confidence level. This is the first experimental limit for coherent charged pion production in the energy region of a few GeV
Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to < 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of & GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo