Propuesta de diseño del proceso productivo para la obtención de pectina a base de residuos cítricos en Colombia, de acuerdo a las necesidades técnicas, comerciales y financieras requeridas

Ingeniero (a) IndustrialPregrad

Entropía cultural. Influencia del Centro Histórico en la identidad cultural y la puesta en valor del patrimonio en la ciudad de Cuenca

Al referirnos a patrimonio cultural tratamos diversas formas de expresión, simbolismos y representaciones, es el conjunto de bienes tangibles e intangibles que refuerzan un sentido de comunidad con una identidad propia. Entendiendo que los centros históricos se ven afectados por el acelerado desarrollo urbano es necesario implementar medidas que mantengan y conserven el patrimonio material e inmaterial. Para lograr esta conservación o mantenimiento es necesaria la participación y el compromiso de los habitantes, vinculando la memoria histórica y cultural de un determinado lugar para redescubrir los vínculos con el espacio, generando una resignificación y reflexión sobre la propia individualidad.When referring to cultural heritage we are dealing with various forms of expression, symbolism and representations, it is the set of tangible and intangible assets that reinforce a sense of community with its own identity. It must be understood that cities are in constant development because inhabitants and spaces must adapt to new ways of life, this does not exclude historic cities, so they must be considered as spaces that tell history and that in turn meet current needs. To achieve this conservation or maintenance, the participation and commitment of the inhabitants is necessary, linking the historical and cultural memory of a certain place to rediscover the links with the space, generating a new meaning and reflection on one's own individuality.0000-0002-8973-4064Licenciado en Artes VisualesCuenc

Estudio de la prefactibilidad de la producción de leche de coco.

This is a pre-factibility study for the manufacture of coconut milk. This is a product extracted from the coconut pulp. The product has a white color, fat content of approximately 12% and the characteristic odor and taste of products extracted from mature coconuts. The product will be packaged in doypack type packages, the package is trilaminate providing a good barrier against oxygen and light. The product must be stored at 4 degrees Celsius and the market section that is targeted are restaurants, bars and supermarkets. In this study we can see how the product is produced, different results obtained and different variations in the formulations and the results that they got, then comparing the product with existing products on the market. Additionally, this study shows a market and economic factibility to develop this idea by industrial standards. In this analysis we can see how to apply HACCP and GMP study to the development of the coconut milk, and a study of raw materials and processes. Juan EstebanEste es un estudio de pre factibilidad para la fabricación de leche de coco. Este es un producto extraído a partir de la pulpa del coco. El producto tiene un color blanco, un contenido de grasa de aproximadamente 12 % y un olor y sabor característico de los productos extraídos a partir de cocos maduros. El producto va a ser envasado en paquetes tipo doypack, el envase es trilaminado brindando una buena barrera contra oxigeno y luz. El producto debe estar almacenado a una temperatura de 4 grados centígrados y el nicho de mercado al que esta dirigido es restaurantes, bares y supermercados. En este estudio se podrá observar como se elabora el producto, los distintos resultados obtenidos y las diferentes variaciones en las formulaciones y los resultados que estas dieron, posteriormente comparando el producto con los ya existentes en el mercado. Además en este se muestra un estudio de mercado y la factibilidad económica para desarrollar esta idea de forma industrial. Dentro de este análisis se puede observar cómo aplicar un estudio HACCP y BPM a la elaboración de la leche de coco, además de un estudio de las materias primas y procesos necesarios

Estudio de las competencias investigativas del docente investigador de la Universidad del Azuay

Las actividades relacionadas con la investigación han ganado grandes espacios en el quehacer universitario, en donde, sin lugar a dudas, el docente investigador es el principal actor en la concepción y el desarrollo de esta praxis. Este es un estudio que permitió identificar las principales competencias investigativas que debería poseer el docente investigador de la Universidad del Azuay como responsable directo de la creación y difusión de los conocimientos en la práctica de la investigación; además de conocer el contexto actual y los nuevos desafíos a los que se enfrenta el investigador de educación superior. Las variables (competencias) se identificaron tal y como suceden en su contexto a través de la manifestación de las conductas y comportamientos observables del docente investigador. Con un análisis factorial confirmatorio se demostró que existe una alta correlación entre las competencias (factor) con sus respectivas acciones (ítem), por lo tanto, la validez del constructo para identificar las competencias. Como resultados se obtuvo una categorización en: competencias cardinales, competencias específicas investigativas y competencias del proceso de investigación determinando; de esta manera, que la presencia necesaria de estos conocimientos, capacidades, habilidades, destrezas y actitudes le permite al docente investigador de la Universidad del Azuay responder de manera pertinente, innovadora y creativa a los demandantes cambios y exigencias de las sociedades contemporáneas. Además, todo investigador debe incluir en sus procesos la gestión por competencias y los centros de educación superior deben redactar nuevas políticas que impulsen el desarrollo de las competencias profesionales dentro del campo de la investigación.Palabras clave: competencias investigativas, docente investigador, educación superior Abstract. Research-related activities have gained large spaces in university work, where, without a doubt, the research teacher is the main actor in the conception and development of these practices. This is a study that made it possible to identify the main investigative competences that the research professor at the University of Azuay should possess as directly responsible for the creation and dissemination of knowledge in the practice of research; in addition to knowing the current context and the new challenges facing the higher education researcher. The variables (competencies) were identified as they occur in their context through the manifestation of observable condu cts and behaviors of the research teacher. With a confirmatory factor analysis, it was shown that there is a high correlation between the competences (factor) with their respective actions (item), therefore, the validity of the construct to identify the competencies. As results, a categorization was obtained in: cardinal competences, specific investigative competences and competences of the research process, determining, in this way, that the necessary presence of these knowledge, capacities, abilities, skills and attitudes allows the researcher professor of the University of the Azuay respond in a pertinent, innovative and creative way to the demanding changes and demands of contemporary societies. In addition, all researchers must include competence anagement in their processes and higher education centers must draft new policies that promote the development of professional skills within the field of research.Keywords: research skills, research teacher, higher educatio

Un ensayo sobre los derechos especiales de giro (DEG) y su papel en la arquitectura financiera internacional

Este ensayo analiza el rol que cumplen los derechos especiales de giro (DEG) en la arquitectura financiera internacional, resaltando sus limitantes. El DEG fue la respuesta al principal problema que aquejó la economía internacional entre 1920 y 1971: la insuficiencia de liquidez en la economía mundial. Más de medio siglo después de su creación, no ha cumplido con sus dos fines principales: ser el principal activo de reserva en la economía global y ser un instrumento central para manejar el ciclo económico global.Resumen .-- Introducción .-- I. Consideraciones preliminares sobre los derechos especiales de giro (DEG) .-- II. El derecho especial de giro fue creado para enfrentar el principal problema de la economía internacional entre 1920 y 1970: la escadez de reservas internacionales .-- III. Los DEG tienen un escaso impacto en la liquidez internacional .-- IV. Los DEG enfrentan importantes limitantes institucionales y legales en su uso .-- V. A pesar de su reducida esfera de aplicación, los DEG han demostrado ser versátiles y flexibles en sus usos .-- VI. Conclusión: lineamientos para el futuro

Manejo de residuos sólidos domiciliarios y la contaminación ambiental en la Asociación de Viviendas Huascarán, distrito de Chaclacayo, Lima Metropolitana-2015

El objetivo de este trabajo de este trabajo de investigación establecer la relación efectiva entre el manejo de residuos sólidos domiciliarios y la contaminación ambiental dentro en de la Asociación de Viviendas Huascarán, distrito de Chaclacayo, Lima Metropolitana-2015. La población de 375 personas, entre los 18 a 45 años, conforman la Asociación de Viviendas Huascarán, con 190 personas de muestra, obtenido mediante un proceso aleatorio. El tipo método utilizado fue el hipotético-deductivo, de diseño de investigación no experimental basado en un modelo descriptivo y correlacional; también se aplicó el instrumento Likert para ambas variables, cuyos resultados se evidenciarán mediante gráficas y textualmente.The objective of this work of this research work to establish the effective relationship between the management of household solid waste and environmental pollution within the Huascarán Housing Association, Chaclacayo district, Metropolitan Lima-2015. The population of 375 people, between 18 to 45 years old, make up the Huascarán Housing Association, with 190 sample people, obtained through a random process. The type of method used was the hypothetical-deductive, non-experimental research design based on a descriptive and correlational model; The Likert instrument was also applied for both variables, the results of which will be shown graphically and textually

Exomer Is Part of a Hub Where Polarized Secretion and Ionic Stress Connect

[EN] Plasma membrane and membranous organelles contribute to the physiology of the Eukaryotic cell by participating in vesicle trafficking and the maintenance of ion homeostasis. Exomer is a protein complex that facilitates vesicle transport from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, and its absence leads to the retention of a set of selected cargoes in this organelle. However, this retention does not explain all phenotypes observed in exomer mutants. The Schizosaccharomyces pombe exomer is composed of Cfr1 and Bch1, and cfr1¿ and bch1¿ were sensitive to high concentrations of potassium salts but not sorbitol, which showed sensitivity to ionic but not osmotic stress. Additionally, the activity of the plasma membrane ATPase was higher in exomer mutants than in the wild-type, pointing to membrane hyperpolarization, which caused an increase in intracellular K+ content and mild sensitivity to Na+, Ca2+, and the aminoglycoside antibiotic hygromycin B. Moreover, in response to K+ shock, the intracellular Ca2+ level of cfr1¿ cells increased significantly more than in the wild-type, likely due to the larger Ca2+ spikes in the mutant. Microscopy analyses showed a defective endosomal morphology in the mutants. This was accompanied by an increase in the intracellular pools of the K+ exporting P-type ATPase Cta3 and the plasma membrane Transient Receptor Potential (TRP)-like Ca2+ channel Pkd2, which were partially diverted from the trans-Golgi network to the prevacuolar endosome. Despite this, most Cta3 and Pkd2 were delivered to the plasma membrane at the cell growing sites, showing that their transport from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface occurred in the absence of exomer. Nevertheless, shortly after gene expression in the presence of KCl, the polarized distribution of Cta3 and Pkd2 in the plasma membrane was disturbed in the mutants. Finally, the use of fluorescent probes suggested that the distribution and dynamics of association of some lipids to the plasma membrane in the presence of KCl were altered in the mutants. Thus, exomer participation in the response to K+ stress was multifaceted. These results supported the notion that exomer plays a general role in protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network and in polarized secretion, which is not always related to a function as a selective cargo adaptor.Financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad/European Regional Development Fund¿FEDER¿program (BFU2017-84508-P to M-HV and PGC2018-098924-B-I00 to PP), and from the Junta de Castilla y Leon/FEDER program (CSI150P20 to PP, and ¿Escalera de Excelencia¿ CLU-2017-03/14-20 to the IBFG), made this work possible. SM was supported by fellowships from the Universidad de Salamanca and the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, and EMR by a fellowship from Junta de Castilla y León. The Agencia Española de Investigación (AEI) Grants PID2019-104054 GB-I00 and RTC-2017-6468-2-AR supported JM. QC and AP were supported by the University of Toledo start up fund and a grant from National Institutes of Health (R15GM134496).Moro, S.; Moscoso-Romero, E.; Poddar, A.; Mulet, JM.; Pérez, P.; Chen, Q.; Valdivieso, M. (2021). Exomer Is Part of a Hub Where Polarized Secretion and Ionic Stress Connect. Frontiers in Microbiology. 12:1-22. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.708354S1221

Hematological parameters, lipid profile and cardiovascular risk analysis among genotype-controlled indigenous Kichwa men and women living at low and high altitudes

Introduction: Human adaptation to high-altitude is due to characteristic adjustments at every physiological level. Differences in lipid profile and cardiovascular risk factors in altitude dwellers have been previously explored, nevertheless there are no reports available on genotype-controlled matches among different altitude adapted indigenous populations. Objective: To explore the possible differences in plasma lipid profile and cardiovascular risk among autochthonous Kiwcha people inhabitants of low and high-altitude locations. Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis of plasmatic lipid profiles and cardiovascular risk factors in lowland Kiwchas from Limoncocha (230 m) and high-altitude Kiwchas from Oyacachi (3,800 m). Results: In the low altitude group, 66% were women (n=78) and 34% (n=40) were men, while at high altitude, 59% (n=56) were women and 41% (n=41%) were men. We found the proportion of overweight and obese individuals to be higher among low altitude dwellers (p<0.05). Red blood cells (RBC), Hemoglobin concentration and SpO2% were higher among high altitude dwellers and erythrocyte's size was found to be smaller at high altitude .The group located at low altitude showed also lower levels of plasma cholesterol, LDL and HDL but most of these differences are not influenced by gender or elevation. Conclusions: Living at altitude elicits well-known adaptive physiological changes such as erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and serum glucose. We report also clinical differences in the plasma lipid profile, with higher levels of cholesterol and high density and low-density lipoproteins in Andes Mountain inhabitants versus their Amazonian basin peers. Despite we found altered underlying physiological pathways between the populations, this does not allow in a different cardiovascular risk

Análisis Financiero para la Implementación de un Bus Eléctrico Urbano en la Ciudad de Cuenca

The present paper carried out a financial analysis that allows establishing the economic feasibility of implementing electric buses for urban service in the city of Cuenca, which circulate through urban routes that connect the main university campuses of the city, which is located at 2 560 meters above sea level and has an urban population of 329 928 inhabitants; for this purpose, five urban routes were established that allow the connection between the universities, proposing routes with lengths of 14 to 34 km, with a duration of 30 minutes to one hour and fifteen minutes, considering the mobilization of 40 000 students. The costs of analysis include income, which implies the value of the ticket and mobile advertising, on the other hand, there are the expenses, such as the acquisition of the unit, maintenance and spare parts, financing and operating expenses; once the values are determined, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) conditions are applied. As a result, lower and negative values are obtained, resulting in an unprofitable project, and this is due to the $0.31 ticket value; as a conclusion and in order for the project to be profitable, a 61 to 83$ 0.31. Como conclusión, y para que el proyecto sea rentable, se considera una elevación del pasaje en un 61 al 83 %

Variables que influyen en el emprendimiento en Ecuador

En Ecuador, la actual pandemia provocada por el COVID 19 ha despertado el interés y, de cierta forma, ha obligado a varias personas a emprender. Sin embargo, es interesante cuestionarse acerca de los aspectos positivos que invitan a emprender y conseguir el éxito, así como también los aspectos negativos que provocan deserción. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar los aspectos que motivan o desmotivan a este grupo de personas que abandonan su círculo de confianza para aventurarse a nuevos horizontes, conllevándolos al éxito o al fracaso, según las habilidades y proyecciones. Como resultado se identificó que los principales factores son el desconocimiento del proceso emprendedor, habilidades y experiencia, la dificultad para acceder a préstamos financieros, el miedo al fracaso y el desconocimiento del mercado, además de aspectos legales y regulaciones financieras. Palabras clave: Emprendimiento, COVID 19, factores de éxito, motivación, deserción. Abstract.In Ecuador, the current pandemic caused by COVID 19 has aroused interest, and in a certain way has forced several people to undertake. However, it is interesting to ask yourself about the positive aspects that invite you to undertake and achieve success, as well as the negative aspects that cause desertion. The purpose of this study is to identify the aspects that motivate or demotivate this group of people who leave their circle of trust to venture to new horizons, leading them to success or failure according to skills and projections. As a result, it was identified that the main factors are ignorance of the entrepreneurial process, skills and experience, difficulty in accessing financial loans, fear of failure and ignorance of the market, in addition to legal aspects and financial regulations.Keywords: Entrepreneurship, COVID 19, success factors, motivation, desertion