Production facility of polilactic acid from lactic acid

Traballo Fin de Grao en Enxeñaría Química. Curso 2018-2019The worldwide plastics manufacturing has been estimated in 335 million tons in 2016 from which 60 million were produced in Europe. The plastics production has been, since the early nature of its productive activities in 1950, 8.3 billion tons. Spain is the fourth country in the European Union demanding plastics. The 50% of this plastics are finally disposed in landfills which must increase their capacity in order to accommodate the plastic wastes. In this context and with the intention of reducing wastes, the biopolymers were developed. The poly (lactic acid) is one of the best known and produced biodegradable polyesters due to its physical properties and cost which are optimal for several applications. [1] The present project proposes an introduction to this biopolymer production. The interaction between relatively new concepts and with social and industrial awareness are shown: technological progress, security and environmental protection. The poly (lactic acid) is produced from lactic acid, which was isolated in 1780 and introduced in the market in 1881. It was used only for medical application until 1997 when the Cargill Dow LLC Company pushed the market for the development of patents allowing the production of low cost PLA in volume production. So today, the PLA has multiple applications, some of which are intended to the textile field, the agricultural field, the biomedicine and the packaging

Endogenous systems involved in the development of pancreatic cancer: role of the obestatin/GPR39 system

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive neoplasms due to its rapid spread and late diagnosis. The objective of this thesis is to elucidate the obestatin/GPR39 potential as a therapeutic target in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. The expression of GPR39 found in normal pancreas indicates a possible regulatory and regenerative role for the obestatin/GPR39 system in the human pancreas. Likewise, the expression found in premalignant lesions could involve this system in the pathogenesis and progression to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In addition, this system favours proliferative, invasive and tumoral settlement processes in immortalized cancer cell lines. These facts prompted us to postulate the use of GPR39 as a marker of tumoral progression and its applicability to antagonize the fundamental mechanisms associated with the development of pancreatic cancer

¿Están los programas sociales en condiciones de ser evaluados? : la aplicación de un protocolo de evaluabilidad a una muestra de programas sociales implementados en Argentina

Fil: Aquilino, Natalia. Centro de Implementación de Políticas Públicas para la Equidad y el CrecimientoFil: Echt, Leandro. Centro de Implementación de Políticas Públicas para la Equidad y el CrecimientoFil: Estévez, Sofía. Centro de Implementación de Políticas Públicas para la Equidad y el CrecimientoFil: Arias, Eva. Centro de Implementación de Políticas Públicas para la Equidad y el Crecimient

Trabajo de investigación previo a la obtención del Título de Psicólogo General de la Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica. Modalidad Proyecto de Investigación.

En la presente investigación se relaciona la Dependencia Emocional con los Estilos Parentales en un grupo de 117 mujeres de Instituto Tecnológico Superior Japón. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron el ICOD (Instrumento de Codependencia Emocional) y el PBI (Parental Bonding Instrument), ambas escalas han sido estandarizadas a la población americana. En los resultados arrojados se pudo comprobar que existe una relación entre ambas variables, sin embargo el nivel es notorio cuando se habla de la madre, el estilo que presenta mayor posibilidad de Dependencia en las participantes es el Control sin Afecto, lo que afirma la hipótesis planteada. Se plantea una propuesta compuesta de cinco talleres dirigidos a toda la población de estudio, con el objetivo de concientizar sobre el tema

La ludificació a l'aula. Una proposta per aprendre jugant

Màster Universitari de Formació del Professorat de Secundària Obligatòria i Batxillerat, Facultat d'Educació, Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2021-2022. Tutora: Silvia Serret Lanchares[cat] Vivim en una societat de canvis constants, cosa que provoca que la realitat de les aules hagi patit una gran transformació en els últims anys i que les necessitats dels adolescents evolucionin constantment. Per aquesta raó, els mètodes que s’han utilitzat fins avui han quedat del tot obsolets; no funcionen per a tothom i, el que és pitjor, no funcionen per a la majoria. Tot i que la innovació pedagògica es troba en el seu punt més àlgid, els mètodes tradicionals segueixen imperant a les aules. És per aquesta raó que cal promoure un canvi radical en el sistema educatiu. En aquest context, la present proposta d’innovació pedagògica pretén millorar l’ortografia i l’expressió escrita a 3r d’ESO utilitzant la ludificació com a mètode alternatiu per a fer front a la desmotivació i a la renovació dels mètodes tradicionals. Es presentaran, doncs, els beneficis de posar l’alumne en el centre del procés d’ensenyament-aprenentatge, fomentar la motivació, el treball col·laboratiu i la ludificació a través d’una revisió bibliogràfica com a base per a plantejar una proposta d’innovació didàctica basada en el joc.[eng] We live in a society of constant change, which means that the reality of the classroom has undergone a major transformation in recent years and the needs of adolescents are constantly evolving. For this reason, the methods that have been used until today have become completely obsolete; they do not work for everyone and, what is worse, they do not work for the majority. Despite the fact that pedagogical innovation is at its peak, traditional methods still prevail in the classroom. It is for this reason that a radical change in the education system must be promoted. In this context, this proposal for pedagogical innovation aims to improve spelling and writing skills in 3rd of ESO using gamification as an alternative method to address the demotivation and renewal of traditional methods. The benefits of putting the student at the centre of the teaching-learning process, encouraging motivation, collaborative work and gamification will be presented through a review of the literature as a basis for proposing a didactic innovation based on games

“Diseño de un programa de desvinculación asistida u outplacement en la empresa de catering Aéreo Gate Gourmet del Ecuador unidad Quito”

La siguiente disertación, busca el desarrollo de una práctica innovadora dentro del área de Recursos humanos, mediante la práctica de un programa de desvinculación asistida, utilizando las situaciones de desvinculación dentro de las organizaciones, y el recurso humano como los recursos físicos de la misma. El outplacement nace en Estados Unidos, como respuesta a las vinculaciones, fusiones y transiciones de grandes empresas que se estaban dando en este país. Lo que se pretende con un programa de desvinculación asistida, es que en el momento que se genere este suceso la persona tenga contención emocional frente a este suceso y una orientación profesional para acelerar la reinserción laboral. Logrando así que la organización no posea relaciones antagónicas con su entorno

Hacia un análisis de evaluabilidad de planes y programas sociales: un estudio sobre 33 iniciativas implementadas en Argentina.

La evaluación es una función estratégica del estado que permite generar información útil y valiosa para abordar aspectos claves de las políticas públicas tales como impacto, efectos, eficiencia o eficacia, entre otros.Además, puede convertirse en una herramienta de cambio que mejore el desempeño de la política y presente una utilidad social relacionada con los intereses de los titulares de derechos y de la sociedad toda. Pero, ¿están los planes y programas gubernamentales nacionales en condiciones de ser evaluados y producir información relevante para la toma de decisiones? Este trabajo analiza las condiciones de evaluabilidad de un conjunto de iniciativas mediante la aplicación de una herramienta analítica que recopila los aspectos más críticos vinculados a la evaluabilidad sistematizados en cinco dimensiones. Los resultados indican que hay un desarrollo desigual en materia de evaluabilidad en Argentina, destacándose la concentración de planes y programas en dos polos. Un conjunto de intervenciones con altos niveles de evaluabilidad, el cual contrasta con el otro grupo que casi no tiene desarrollada ninguna de las cinco dimensiones. Los hallazgos muestran la necesidad de desplegar estrategias diversificadas de desarrollo de capacidades al interior de los ministerios.

Dark fermentation as an environmentally sustainable WIN-WIN solution for bioenergy production

The current energy and environmental crisis, linked to increasing industrialisation, has progressively driven the adoption of solutions focused on circular life cycle thinking, such as waste management with resource recovery and decarbonization of technologies. In this context, this study was built to quantify the environmental performance of a two-stage wastewater treatment process (dark fermentation with anaerobic digestion) in which three feedstocks (sugar beet molasses, cheese whey and wine vinasses mixed with wastewater treatment plant sludge) from the food industry were valorized as hydrogen. In this regard, several environmental profiles were created using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology with two system boundaries (cradle-to-gate and gate-to-gate) and two methods (ReCiPe Midpoint and Endpoint). Furthermore, this research was synergistically complemented with an energy analysis including indicators and input-output flow balances to provide a win-win solution for food waste utilization. The results have taken different directions depending on the methodological assumptions considered but, in general terms, the sugar beet molasses scenario can be claimed in all cases as the energetically sustainable process with the best environmental profile. With an energy surplus of 155%, the cradle-to-gate scenario recorded the best environmental impact in 4/8 midpoint categories and an overall reduction of 67% and 94% (excluding co-products) for the ReCiPe damage single score compared to the wine vinasses and wastewater treatment plant sludge and cheese whey scenarios, respectively. In this sense, the viability and competitiveness of these two scenarios is compromised by the lack of energy self-sufficiency (there is a 53% deficiency in the wine vinasses and wastewater treatment sludge scenario) and the lack of climate-neutral outcomes (a result of 5510 mPt/Nm3 H2 shows that the cheese whey scenario is far from being a zero-emission process)This research was funded by HP-NANOBIO Project (PID2019-111163RB-I00). The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC) ED431C-2021/37, to CRETUS (Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Environmental Technologies) and to the department of chemical engineering of the University of Santiago de Compostela. S. Estévez thanks to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for financial support (Grant reference PRE 2020-092074). J.J. Conde acknowledges Xunta de Galicia financial support through a postdoctoral fellowship (Grant reference ED481B-2021/015). C.I. Camacho would also like to express her gratitude to CRETUS for her research initiation summer scholarshipS

Improving the sustainability of heterogeneous Fenton-based methods for micropollutant abatement by electrochemical coupling

Advanced oxidation processes such as Fenton reaction-based processes have attracted great interest in recent years as a promising alternative for the removal of persistent pollutants in wastewater. The use of nanocatalysts in advanced oxidation processes overcomes the limitations of homogeneous Fenton processes, where acidic pH values are required, and a large amount of sludge is generated after treatment. Aiming at maximizing the catalytic potential of the process, different configurations include coupling photocatalysis or electrochemistry to Fenton reactions. This manuscript presents a comparative environmental and economic analysis of different heterogeneous Fenton-based process using magnetic nanoparticles: Fenton, photo-Fenton, electro-Fenton and photoelectron-Fenton. These alternatives encompass not only different reaction conditions but also varying degradation kinetics, which control the treatment capability in each specific case. It is not only important to determine the technological feasibility of the proposal based on the removal performance of the target compounds, but also to identify the environmental profile of each configuration. In this regard, the Life Cycle Assessment methodology was applied considering a combination of primary and secondary data from process modeling. Moreover, and aiming towards the future large-scale implementation of the technology, an economic analysis of each configuration was also performed to provide a better understanding about the costs associated to the operation of Fenton-based wastewater treatmentsThis research was supported by HP-NANOBIO (PID2019-111163RB-I00), funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), and SPOTLIGHT (PDC2021-121540-I00) projects, funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. J.J.C. acknowledges Xunta de Galicia financial support through a postdoctoral fellowship (Grant reference ED481B-2021/015). S.E. and J.G.-R. predoctoral fellowships were funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and by “ESF Investing in your future” (Grant references PRE2020-092074 and FPU19/004612, respectively). The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC) ED432C-2021/37S