Editorial: The adaptation and response of aquatic animals in the context of global climate change

Editorial on the Research Topic The adaptation and response of aquatic animals in the context of global climate change Anthropogenic climate change has brought on widespread changes in marine environments, including ocean warming, ocean acidification, the development and expansion of hypoxic zones. These environmental changes represent major threats to marine life, challenging the survival and adaptation of marine organisms. The adverse effects of these changes can interact in synergistic, additive or antagonistic ways (Huo et al., 2019a; Huo et al., 2019b; Small et al., 2020; Collins et al., 2021), evidencing different biological influence compared to their individual action (Huo et al., 2021a). Such influence can vary across populations and species as a consequence of differences in phenotypic plasticity and physiological tolerances shaped by their specific environmental and genetic backgrounds (Gaitán-Espitia et al., 2017a; Gaitán-Espitia et al., 2017b). These factors ultimately modulate the ecological response and evolutionary adaptation of marine organisms to climate change. From an ecological perspective, changes in the marine environment are likely to have significant negative phenotypic effects (e.g., physiology, behavior, gene/protein expression), across levels of biological organization (i.e., from individuals, populations, to species). These changes can alter the ingestion, digestion, respiration and growth of aquatic animals (Huo et al., 2018), potentially influencing demographic and genetic declines driven, for instance, by massive mortality (Huo et al., 2021b). From an adaptive evolution perspective, phenotypic plasticity appears to be a suitable strategy to cope with these changes, at least in the short-term, through behavioral, physiological, life-history and morphological adjustments (Gaitán-Espitia et al., 2017b). However, there are limits for plastic adjustments beyond which populations and species require genetic and cellular modifications to adapt to the unfavorable environmental conditions. These adaptive responses include microevolutionary changes of transcriptional, translational and post-translational mechanisms underpinning phenotypic responses (Huo et al., 2021b). Through the study of these mechanisms, we can gain better understanding of the costs and trade-offs of adaptive evolution in marine animals under climate change

Probiotics and their potential applications in active edible films and coatings.

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Computational calculation of the magnetic properties of MnO/ZnO superlattice

En este trabajo se realizaron cálculos por primeros principios basados en la Teoría del Funcional de la Densidad, con el fin de investigar las propiedades estructurales, electrónicas y magnéticas de la superred MnO/ZnO en la estructura wurtzita. Se utilizó el método Ondas Plana Aumentadas y Linealizadas Potencial Completo (FP LAPW), tal como está implementado en el código computacional Wien2k. Los efectos de intercambio y de correlación entre los electrones fueron tratados por medio de la Aproximación de Gradiente Generalizado (GGA) de Pedew, Burke y Ernzerhof (PBE). El análisis de las propiedades estructurales muestran que el valor del módulo de volumen es alto, por tanto, esta superred es bastante rígida y es buena candidata para aplicaciones en dispositivos que deban trabajar altas temperaturas, altas potencias y en recubrimientos duros. Los estudios de la densidad estados muestran que la superred posee un comportamiento semimetálicos con polarización de espín en el estado base del 100% y un momento magnético de 5 μβ/atomo-Mn, el estado ferromagnético proviene de la hibridación y polarización de los estados Mn-3d en mayor contribución y de los orbitales O-2p en menor contribución que atraviesan el nivel de Fermi. Debido a esta propiedad la superred puede ser potencialmente usada en espintrónica.First-principle calculations were performed in order to investigate the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of 1x1 MnO/ZnO superlattice in the wurtzite-type structure. The full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FP-LAPW) method was used, as implemented in the WIEN2k computational code. Exchange and correlation effects are treated using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of PerdewBurke-Ernzerhof (PBE). The analyze of the structural properties show that the value of the bulk moduli is high, therefore is quite rigid and this feature makes them good candidates for possible application in devices that have to operate at high temperatures, under high power, and in hard coatings. The electronic density studies show that the MnO/ZnO superlattice have a half-metallic behavior with a magnetic spin polarization of 100% and a magnetic moment of 5 µβ/atom-Mn in the ground state. The ferromagnetic state comes from the hybridization of the Mn-3d and O-2p states that cross the Fermi level. This superlattice is a good candidate for spintronic applications

Tamaño de muestra para el desmote experimental y propiedades de la fibra en el algodonero (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

El presente estudio se realizó durante los años 1988 y 1989 en el Centro de Investigación Motilonia, ubicado en el municipio de Codazzi (Cesar, Colombia). El objetivo fue determinar el tamaño óptimo de muestra que permita una mejor estimación de los parámetros del desmote experimental y las propiedades de la fibra en el algodonero. Para ello se evaluaron 6 variables de interés en 5 variedades de algodón a través de tamaños muestrales de 25, 50, 75 y 100 motas por parcela, utilizando para tal fin el coeficiente de variación. Los resultados señalaron diferencias significativas entre los tamaños de muestra para el porcentaje de fibra, longitud y finura de la misma, igualmente interacción años x tamaño para la longitud, y variedad x tamaño, para el porcentaje, resistencia y finura de la fibra; en tanto que la interacción triple (año x variedad x tamaño) no fue significativa para ninguna de las variables estudiadas. Los coeficientes de variación señalaron que el mejor tamaño de muestra fue el de 50 motas por parcelaInstituto Colombiano Agropecuario - ICAAlgodón-Gossypium herbaceu

Relativistic Static Thin Disks: The Counter-Rotating Model

A detailed study of the Counter-Rotating Model (CRM) for generic finite static axially symmetric thin disks with nonzero radial pressure is presented. We find a general constraint over the counter-rotating tangential velocities needed to cast the surface energy-momentum tensor of the disk as the superposition of two counter-rotating perfect fluids. We also found expressions for the energy density and pressure of the counter-rotating fluids. Then we shown that, in general, there is not possible to take the two counter-rotating fluids as circulating along geodesics neither take the two counter-rotating tangential velocities as equal and opposite. An specific example is studied where we obtain some CRM with well defined counter-rotating tangential velocities and stable against radial perturbations. The CRM obtained are in agree with the strong energy condition, but there are regions of the disks with negative energy density, in violation of the weak energy condition.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Physical Review

Medición del calor latente de vaporización del nitrógeno líquido en la enseñanza de la física experimental

Among the methods for teaching physics, one of the more instructive is the experiment, we presents a simple and inexpensive for the indirect measurement of the latent heat of vaporization of liquid nitrogen using typical elements of a general physics laboratory, such as resistors, voltage sources, multimeters, timers and a balance, with the latter measures the mass change in a container of liquid nitrogen with respect to the time, when the nitrogen is heated with a resistance when it passes by an electric current, we found a proportionality between the electric power supplied to nitrogen, time and the mass of Nitrogen evaporated, which relate to the latent heat of vaporization of nitrogen.Entre los métodos para la enseñanza de la física, uno de los más didáctico es el experimento, en este trabajo, se presenta una forma sencilla y económica para la medición indirecta del calor latente de vaporización del nitrógeno líquido utilizando elementos típicos de un laboratorio de física general, como son las resistencias, fuentes de voltajes, multímetros, cronómetros y una balanza, con ésta última se mide la variación de la masa en un recipiente que contiene nitrógeno liquido con respecto al tiempo, cuando se calienta el nitrógeno con una resistencia al hacer pasar por ésta una corriente eléctrica,encontramos una proporcionalidad entre la potencia eléctrica suministrada al nitrógeno, el tiempo y la masa de N2 evaporada, las cuales se relacionan con el calor latente de vaporización del nitrógeno

Clima organizacional en una institución prestadora de salud de Montería - Córdoba, 2015

Objective. To determine the organizational climate of a Health care Provider Institution (HPI) to establish some strategies to improve the work environment. Materials and Methods. This was a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The population consisted of all the Institution’s employees. A statistical formula was applied to choose the sample. This procedure allowed for the use of the data collection instrument with all the employees. A questionnaire for the survey established for the organizational climate based on the four pillars proposed by Health Pan-American Organization was used. Finally, once all the information was obtained through the survey, the tabulation was done through an Excel spreadsheet, tables and graphics were created, and data analysis completed according to the study variables. In line with Resolution08430,1993, the study was classified as risk-free. Also, the confidentiality and anonymity of both the research participants and the Institution were respected. Results. Levels of satisfaction higher than 80% were founding factors, such as communication, interpersonal relationships, and communicative values. Levels lower than 20% were found in factors, such as wellbeing, level of training as well as compensation and recognition. Conclusions. The diagnosis   of   the   organizational climate revealed communication strengths, team work, cooperation, and leadership.  Improvement opportunities in factors, such as promotion and raise were discovered as well.Objetivo. Determinar el clima organizacional de una Institución Prestadora de Salud (IPS), con el fin de establecer estrategias que permitan mejorar el ambiente laboral. Materiales y métodos. Estudio Descriptivo de corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. La población la representaron el total de empleados de la institución, la muestra se aplicó una fórmula estadística que permitió establecer el total de 193 empleados a los que se les aplicó el instrumento de recolección de la información. Se utilizó la técnica encuesta mediante el instrumento cuestionario establecido por la Encuesta sobre el Clima Organizacional basado en los 4 pilares propuestos por la Organización Panamericana de Salud (OPS). Finalmente después de haber recolectado toda la información mediante las encuestas, se procedió a tabularlas mediante una hoja de Excel, y finalmente a realizar las tablas, gráficos y análisis correspondiente, según los objetivos y variables de estudio. De acuerdo a la resolución 08430 de 1993, el estudio fue clasificado sin riesgo, se respetó la confidencialidad, la anonimicidad del encuestado   y la institución. Resultados. Se encontraron niveles de satisfacción por encima del 80% en factores como la comunicación, relaciones interpersonales y valores comunicativos y por debajo del 20% en factores como el bienestar social, nivel de capacitación y la compensación y reconocimiento. Conclusiones. Se realizó el diagnóstico del clima organizacional, el cual evidenció fortalezas en la comunicación, el trabajo en equipo, la coperación y liderazgo, por el contrario se obtuvierion oportunidad de mejora en factores como la promoción y el ascenso

Stabilised aluminium phosphate nanoparticles used as vaccine adjuvant

Aluminium phosphate is a commonly used adjuvant consisting of heterogeneously sized aggregates up to several micrometers. However, aluminium phosphate nanoparticles may exhibit an improved adjuvant effect. In this study, nanoparticles were made by sonication of commercially available aluminium phosphate adjuvant, resulting in particles with a size (Z-average diameter) between 200-300 nm and a point of zero charge of 4.5. To prevent reaggregation, which occurred within 14 days, a screening of excipients was performed to identify stabilisers effective under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 290 mOsm). The amino acids threonine, asparagine, and L-alanyl-L-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid (LAPA) stabilised sonicated aluminium phosphate. Particle sizes remained stable between 400-600 nm at 37 °C during 106 days. Contrarily, arginine induced strong reaggregation to a particle size larger than 1000 nm. The stability of aluminium phosphate nanoparticles was strongly affected by the pH. Aggregation mainly occurred below pH 7. The adsorption capacity, a potentially relevant parameter for adjuvants, was slightly reduced in the presence of asparagine, when using a model antigen (lysozyme). LAPA, arginine, threonine and aspartic acid reduced protein adsorption significantly. The adjuvant effect of aluminium phosphate nanoparticles was studied by immunisation of mice with diphtheria toxoid adjuvanted with the aluminium phosphate nanoparticles. The presence of LAPA, threonine, aspartic acid or asparagine did not alter diphtheria toxoid-specific antibody or toxin-neutralising antibody titres. Arginine increased diphtheria toxoid-specific antibody titres but not toxin-neutralising antibody titres. In conclusion, aluminium phosphate nanoparticles were stabilised by particular amino acids and induced an adjuvant effect comparable to that of aluminium phosphate microparticles.Drug Delivery Technolog