Razones por las cuales la docente falta a la escuela y su incidencia en el aprendizaje de los alumnos de primer grado del truno matutino del Centro Escolar público Rubén Darío en la comunidad de Laurel Galán, Municipio de San Carlos Departamento de Río San Juan, en el primer semestre del año lectivo 2014

En medio de un entorno educativo impregnado de constantes cambios e importantes transformaciones se hace necesario mantener actualizado los sistemas educativos y por ende a los docentes; para ellos se debe tener un diagnóstico del ausentismo en educación primaria (primer grado “B”) de la escuela Rubén Darío de la comunidad de Laurel Galán, Municipio de San Carlos, Departamento de Rio San Juan. Por ello, el fin de presentar nuestra investigación del ausentismo docente en primer grado “B “pretendemos mejorar de modo que nos den las pautas en el quehacer educativo en la escuela Rubén Darío Laurel Galá

Evaluación electroquímica de la estrictosamida como inhibidor de corrosión en la plata sterling 0.925 inmersa en Na₂SO₄ 0.05M

En este estudio se evaluó diferentes concentraciones de un inhibidor de corrosión de origen natural como es la estrictosamida ((3α, 5β, 16β, 17α)- 21-oxo-16-vinil-19,20-dihydro-oxoyoimban-17-il-d-glucopyranoside) sobre la superficie de la plata sterling .925 en una solución de sulfatos. La evaluación electroquímica se realizó utilizando la espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIS). Los resultados muestran que a 50 ppm es la mejor concentración para proteger a la plata 0.925 en medio de sulfatos. La adsorción del inhibidor se demostró que es una fisisorción-quimisorción de acuerdo a la isoterma de Langmuir, obteniendo un valor de energía libre de adsorción de Gibbs de -37.2 KJ/mol.In this study, different concentrations of a corrosion inhibitor of natural origin such as strictosamide ((3α, 5β, 16β, 17α) -21-oxo-16-vinyl-19,20- dihydro-oxoyoimban-17-il- were evaluated. d-glucopyranoside) on the surface of silver sterling .925 in a chloride solution. The electrochemical evaluation was performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that at 50 ppm is the best concentration to protect the 0.925 silver in sulfate medium. The adsorption of the inhibitor was shown to be a physisorption chemisorption according to the Langmuir isotherm, obtaining a Gibbs adsorption-free energy value of -37.2 KJ/mol

Feasibility of the 30 s Sit-to-Stand Test in the Telehealth Setting and Its Relationship to Persistent Symptoms in Non-Hospitalized Patients with Long COVID

Fatigue, dyspnea and pain are the main limitations of patients with long COVID. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of the 30 s sit-to-stand (30s-STS) test in the telehealth setting and its relationship to persistent symptoms in a sample of non-hospitalized patients with long COVID. A cross-sectional study was conducted in community patients with long COVID. Data collection and assessments were performed by videoconference and consisted of the fatigue assessment scale (FAS), London activity of daily living scale (LCADL), post-COVID-19 functional status (PCFS) and European quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), including the pain/discomfort dimension. The 30s-STS test was performed using a standardized protocol adapted for remote use, and the modified Borg scale (0-10) was used to assess dyspnea and lower limb fatigue immediately after the test. The feasibility of the 30s-STS test was assessed by the proportion of eligible participants who were able to complete the test. Safety was assessed by the number of adverse events that occurred during the test. Seventy-nine participants were included (median age: 44 years, 86.1% women). Performance in the 30s-STS test was 11.5 ± 3.2 repetitions with 60.8% of the sample below reference values. All eligible participants were able to complete the test. No adverse events were reported during the evaluation. Participants with lower 30s-STS performance had more fatigue and dyspnea, worse quality of life, more severe pain/discomfort, and worse functional status (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was obtained between LCADL and dyspnea, reported on the Borg scale (0-10) post 30s-STS (r = 0.71; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the 30s-STS test proved to be a feasible test to implement in the telehealth setting and is related to fatigue, dyspnea, quality of life and pain in non-hospitalized patients with long COVID. Clinicians may use this test when assessment of the physical sequelae of COVID-19 in the face-to-face setting is not possible

Análisis de las propiedades físico-químicas y sensoriales de barra alimenticia a base de semillas y nueces sin componentes de origen animal

Introduction: The need for nutritious food has increased due to the requirement of a demanding public. Consumers today want appetizers that, in addition to satisfying their appetite, also provide essential nutrients. The objective of this work was the physical-chemical characterization of a food bar based on seeds from sunflower, sesame, chia and linseed, and nuts such as almond, cashew, pecan nut kernel, pistachio and whole cashew nut, and free of components of animal origin usually used in commercial food bars (cow's milk powder, ovalbumin and / or animal fats).Material and methods: The methods for the proximate composition, the energy value, the shelf life and sensory evaluation and acceptance tests were performed according to the Association Official of Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) standard methods of analysis. All analyzes were performed by triplicate unless otherwise indicated. The results obtained were statistically analyzed with a 5% level of significance for each test.Results: Its proximal composition was analyzed (27% protein, 7,5% crude fiber and 4,4% sugars). These values position this product among nutritious bars of high protein content with very low sugar content when compared with commercial bars (20 – 40%). He presented 45% of lipids with 19% of saturated oils and 81% of unsaturated oils, all derived from nuts and seeds. Essential minerals were quantified as: calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc. The rancidity rate was relatively low until reaching the maximum value allowed (10 meq/kg as total peroxides) at 9 days of storage at 40 °C. Conclusions: The food bars based on seeds and nuts had a high acceptance by sensory tests of preference for adult public. According to these results, a high-protein, nutritionally complete and storage-stable food is presented.Introducción: La necesidad de alimentos nutritivos se ha incrementado por la demanda de un público exigente. Los consumidores, en la actualidad, desean aperitivos que además de satisfacer su apetito, aporten también nutrientes esenciales. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo la caracterización físico-química de una barra alimenticia elaborada a base de semillas (girasol, ajonjolí, chía y linaza) y nueces (almendra, nuez de la India, corazón de nuez de pecana, pistache y nuez de Castilla entera) libre de componentes de origen animal, como leche de vaca en polvo, ovoalbúmina y/o grasas animales utilizados en barras alimenticias comerciales.Material y métodos: Los métodos de análisis próximo, valor energético, vida útil de la barra alimenticia y análisis sensorial y las pruebas de aceptación, se realizaron de  acuerdo a métodos estándares de análisis de la Asociación de Químicos Analíticos Oficiales (AOAC por sus siglas en inglés). Todos los análisis se realizaron por triplicado a menos que se indicara de otra manera. Los resultados obtenidos fueron estadísticamente analizados con un 5 % de nivel de significancia para cada prueba.Resultados: Se analizó su composición próxima (27% proteína, 7,5% fibra cruda y 4,4% de azúcares). Estos valores posicionan a este producto dentro de las barras de alto contenido proteico con contenido en azúcar muy bajo si se compara con barras comerciales (20 – 40%). Presentó el 45% de lípidos con el 19% de aceites saturados y 81 % de insaturados, todos estos derivados de las nueces y semillas. Se cuantificaron minerales esenciales como: calcio, magnesio, potasio, sodio, cobre, hierro, manganeso y zinc. La velocidad de rancidez fue relativamente baja hasta alcanzar el valor máximo  permisible de 10 meq/kg en peróxidos como valor de rancidez a los 9 días de almacenamiento a 40 °C. Conclusiones: Las barras alimenticias a base de semillas y nueces tuvieron una alta aceptación en pruebas sensoriales de preferencia por público adulto. De acuerdo con estos resultados se presenta un alimento de alto contenido proteico, nutricionalmente completo y estable al almacenamiento

Servicio de restaurante “Munay Restobar”

Munay es un restobar que ofrece comidas bebidas y entretenimiento con juegos de mesa y videojuegos con una carta todo por S/ 9.90, se dirige a jóvenes y adultos jóvenes que desean divertirse sin gastar mucho en el distrito de San Miguel y zonas aledañas. En el capítulo 2, el lector podrá encontrar más detalles sobre las características del negocio, así como el perfil de los inversionistas. En el capítulo 3, se realizó el análisis sobre las oportunidades y amenazas identifica en el sector restaurantes. Asimismo, se explica la razón de la estrategia genérica y especifica utilizada y los objetivos estratégicos. En el capítulo 4, se muestran las metodologías de investigación utilizadas como el método Customer Development, Lean startup y Diseño de la propuesta de valor, donde se identificó una oportunidad en el mercado y una tasa de conversión de 12.82%. En el capítulo 5, se muestran el tamaño del mercado y el perfil del cliente; así como las estrategias de marketing mix y proyección de ventas y de la demanda. En el capítulo 6, se muestran las políticas, localización, y los detalles de los costos y gastos, e inversión en activos fijos tangibles e intangibles, y gastos preoperativos. En el capítulo 7, se mencionan las características de la empresa, organización, y el presupuesto de recurso humanos. El capítulo 8 detalla los ingresos y costos, y sobre todo el resultado del análisis de la proyección de los estados financieros, lográndose una TIR de 69.87%.Munay is a restobar that offers food drinks and entertainment with board games and video games with a menu all for S / 9.90, it is aimed at young people and young adults who want to have fun without spending much in the San Miguel district and surrounding areas. In Chapter 2, the reader will be able to find more details about the characteristics of the business, as well as the profile of the investors. In Chapter 3, an analysis was carried out on the opportunities and threats identified in the restaurant sector. Likewise, the reason for the generic and used strategy and the strategic objectives are explained. In chapter 4, the research methodologies used such as the Customer Development method, Lean startup and Value proposition design are shown, where an opportunity in the market and a conversion rate of 12.82% were identified. In Chapter 5, the market size and customer profile are shown; as well as the marketing mix and sales projection and demand strategies. In Chapter 6, the policies, location, and details of costs and expenses, and investment in tangible and intangible fixed assets, and pre-operating expenses are shown. In Chapter 7, the characteristics of the company, organization, and the human resource budget are mentioned. Chapter 8 details the income and costs, and especially the result of the analysis of the projections of the financial statements, achieving an IRR of 69.87%.Trabajo de investigació

Detección molecular de coronavirus bovino asociado al complejo respiratorio bovino en ganado de engorda del valle de Mexicali, Baja California, México

The bovine respiratory complex (BRC) is the leading cause of disease and death in beef cattle worldwide. It is a multifactorial infectious syndrome caused by different viruses and bacteria that reduce the productive efficiency and cause economic losses. In Mexico, BRC has been reported in all regions where cattle are fattened; however, these reports lack information on the presence of bovine respiratory coronavirus (BCV). This makes it necessary to have reliable and accurate diagnostic tools for detecting the presence of BCV in beef cattle fattened in Mexico, in order to propose appropriate sanitary measures for their clinical management. In this work, a real-time-PCR molecular diagnostic platform (rt-PCR) was developed to amplify a fragment of the BCV S protein in nasal exudate samples. When applying the rt-PCR platform for BCV in seemingly healthy beef cattle with signs of respiratory disease associated to BRC, 19/50 (38 %) were found to be positive, confirming the presence of this virus in the cattle of the region. The results of this work constitute the first report on the presence of the BCV associated to the BRC in the cattle region of northwestern Mexico and establish the bases for future research about the role that this virus plays in the presentation of the pathology of the BRC in beef cattle exploitation systems in this region and across the country.El complejo respiratorio bovino (CRB) es la principal causa de enfermedad y muerte en el ganado de engorda en todo el mundo. Es un síndrome infeccioso multifactorial provocado por distintos virus y bacterias que disminuyen la eficiencia productiva y ocasionan pérdidas económicas. En México, el CRB se ha reportado en todas las regiones donde se engorda ganado; sin embargo, esos reportes carecen de información sobre la presencia del coronavirus respiratorio bovino (CVB), haciendo necesario contar con herramientas de diagnóstico confiables y precisas para detectar la presencia de CVB en el ganado que se engorda en México, para proponer las medidas sanitarias apropiadas para su manejo clínico. En este trabajo, se desarrolló una plataforma de diagnóstico molecular de PCR en tiempo real (rt-PCR) que amplifica un fragmento de la proteína S del CVB en muestras de exudado nasal. Al aplicar la plataforma rt-PCR para CVB en bovinos de engorda en aparente estado de salud y con signos de enfermedad respiratoria asociados a CRB se encontró que 19/50 (38 %) resultaron positivos, confirmando la presencia de ese virus en el ganado de la región. Los resultados de este trabajo significan el primer reporte sobre la presencia del CVB asociado al CRB en la región ganadera del noroeste de México y sienta las bases para futuras investigaciones sobre papel que juega este virus en la presentación de la patología del CRB en los sistemas de explotación de bovinos de engorda en nuestra región y el país

Carbohidratos como inhibidores de la corrosión del acero API 5L X70 inmerso en medio ácido

Los carbohidratos comerciales D( + )-glucosa, D( + )galactosa y Metil α -D-glucopiranosa, así como los derivados de este último: Metil-4,6-O-Benciliden-a-D-glucopiranosa (MBG); Metoxi-2-Fenil- 7- (prop-2-yn-1-iloxi) Hexahidropirano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-8-0l (MFH); y Metil 4,6-O-benciliden-2-O-p-toluensulfonil- α -D-glucopiranosa (MBTG) fueron sintetizados y evaluados como inhibidores de la corrosión del acero API SL X70 inmerso en HCI 1M, en condiciones estáticas. La glucosa mostró mejor eficiencia como inhibidor de la corrosión, que la galactosa. De todos los carbohidratos evaluados el que demostró mejor eficiencia como inhibidor fue la Metil-4,6-O-Benciliden-α-D-glucopiranosa (MBG), siendo el menos eficiente el Metil α -D- glucosa.The commercial carbohydrates D (+) - glucose, galactose and Methyl-D-glucose, as well as the derivatives of the latter: Methyl-4,6-O-Benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranose (MBG); Methoxy-2- Phenyl- 7- (prop-2-yn-1-yloxy) Hexahydropyran [3,2-d] [1,3] dioxin-8-0l (MFH); and Methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-Op- Toluenesulfonyl-α-D-glucopyranose (MBTG) were synthesized and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors of API SL X70 steel immersed in 1M HCl, under static conditions. Glucose was a better inhibitor of corrosion than galactose. Of all the carbohydrates evaluated, the best of all was Methyl-4,6-O-Benzylidene- α-D¬glucopyranose (MBG), with Methyl-D-glucose being the least efficient

Citrinina como inhibidor de corrosión en medio dulce para un acero API 5L X52

Los problemas de la corrosión son frecuentes en la industria del petróleo donde la extracción de los crudos suele estar contaminado hasta con 26 mil ppm de cloruros provenientes de agua de mar. Los inhibidores de corrosión son ampliamente utilizados en el control y prevención de este fenómeno, sin embargo, la mayoría de los compuestos usados para este fin resultan demasiado tóxicos, costosos y dañinos tanto para el medio ambiente como para el ser humano. Esta situación ha creado la necesidad de encontrar inhibidores de corrosión que sean ambientalmente amigables y de bajo costo. Para simular las condiciones de basicidad en los ductos, se empleó cloruro de sodio saturado con dióxido de carbono. Por lo que, en este proyecto se evalúa a un inhibidor (citrinina) en condiciones de medio dulce para observar la influencia que tiene bajo diferentes velocidades de rotación y temperatura, así como un análisis cinético. Finalmente, la citrinina muestra protección contra la corrosión en condiciones estáticas alcanzando un 87% a 20 ppm.Corrosion problems are frequent in the oil industry where crude extraction is usually contaminated with up to 26 thousand ppm of chlorides from seawater. Corrosion inhibitors are widely used in the control and prevention of this phenomenon, however, most of the compounds used for this purpose are too toxic, expensive and harmful both for the environment and for the human being. This situation has created the need to find low cost and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors. To simulate the basicity conditions in the pipelines, sodium chloride saturated with carbon dioxide was used. Therefore, in this project an inhibitor (citrinin) is evaluated under sweet medium conditions to observe the influence it has under different rotation rates and temperature, as well as a kinetic analysis. Finally, citrinin shows protection against corrosion under static conditions reaching 87% at 20 ppm

Angiosome study of the first digital feet space, for reconstruction of the digital tip

Background: The concept of angiosome explains the anatomical variations that exist between the vessels of different regions of the body and helps to understand the contributions of arterial blood supply to the skin and adjacent structures, dividing the human body into three-dimensional vascular blocks.Methods: This was an observational and descriptive study. In both lower extremities of 5 corpses with adequate tissue preservation in the operating room attached to the teaching area of the National Institute of Forensic Sciences in Mexico City. Angiosome study of the medial neurocutaneous flap of the second toe of both feet was performed.Results: The average, in centimeters, of the surface of the flaps was 1.57 cm x 2.47 cm, the average diameter of the inter-metatarsal digital artery was 1.1 millimeters and the average diameter of the veins draining the angiosome was 1.4 millimeters. The most constant anatomy was that of the nerve, which was present in all cases, with the digital nerve forming the neurosome of the flap.Conclusions: To obtain optimal results in microsurgery transfers, it is necessary to have a technique that is quick for harvesting the flap and with adequate systematization so as not to injure the neurovascular bundle, this is achieved through complete anatomical knowledge, without forgetting the main variants

Anti‑inflammatory drugs and uterine cervical cancer cells: Antineoplastic effect of meclofenamic acid

Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is one of the main causes of cancer-associated mortality in women. Inflammation has been identified as an important component of this neoplasia; in this context, anti-inflammatory drugs represent possible prophylactic and/or therapeutic alternatives that require further investigation. Anti-inflammatory drugs are common and each one may exhibit a different antineoplastic effect. As a result, the present study investigated different anti-inflammatory models of UCC in vitro and in vivo. Celecoxib, sulindac, nimesulide, dexamethasone, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid and mefenamic acid were tested in UCC HeLa, VIPA, INBL and SiHa cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the drugs was evaluated in vitro. Celecoxib, sulindac, nimesulide, mefenamic acid and flufenamic acid presented with slight to moderate toxicity (10–40% of cell death corresponding to 100 µM) in certain cell lines, while meclofenamic acid exhibited significant cytotoxicity in all essayed cell lines (50–90% of cell death corresponding to 100 µM). The meclofenamic acid was tested in murine models (immunodeficient and immunocompetent) of UCC, which manifested a significant reduction in tumor growth and increased mouse survival. It was demonstrated that of the evaluated anti-inflammatory drugs, meclofenamic acid was the most cytotoxic, with a significant antitumor effect in murine models. Subsequent studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical utility of this drug