Rare Presentation of High Grade Retroperitoneal Angiosarcoma in a Patient Status Post Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR)

INTRODUCTION: Primary angiosarcoma of the aorta is a rare malignancy arising from the aorta’s endothelial lining. The most common presentation is claudication, however in the presence of an endograft a tumor originating in the aneurysmal sac may remain undetected and mimic common graft pathology. Diagnosis is typically delayed due to vague clinical presentation and imaging being indistinguishable from common complications of endografts such as leaks, infections or hematomas. We report a case of primary angiosarcoma of the aorta after endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This case report describes the sixth case in the literature of primary angiosarcoma arising after the placement of an endovascular stent. CASE PRESENTATION: A 75 year-old male with a previous history of endovascular aortic repair for a AAA six years prior presented to the emergency room with signs and symptoms concerning for bowel obstruction. He elicited abdominal pain, nausea, emesis, obstipation and was anemic and had leukocytosis. A CT angiogram of the abdomen and pelvis displayed a large mass encasing the infra-renal aorta, without active extravasation, that was externally compressing the second portion of the duodenum and causing a gastric outlet obstruction. The mass extended into both iliac arteries with extension into a known right iliac artery aneurysm. Review of the patient’s chart revealed that this mass was not present six months prior. Patient was treated non-operatively with placement of a nasogastric tube. Concerns for a Type I or III Endoleak delayed the eventual CT-guided biopsy of the mass. Pathology revealed a malignant spindled and pleomorphic mass with extensive hemorrhage and necrosis consistent with high grade angiosarcoma. Specimen tested positive for vimentin, CD68, ERG, and CD31 on immunohistochemical staining. Patient did not wish to undergo aggressive treatment of his condition and was discharged to a hospice facility where he expired days later. CONCLUSION: Angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy representing 2% of all soft tissue sarcomas; associated with a poor prognosis with a median survival time of seven to eight months in advanced tumors. Tumors larger than 5cm and those located in the retroperitoneum, such as in the case report that we present, are associated with a poor prognosis. Doxorubicin is the mainstay of treatment for locally advanced tumors. Paclitaxel has also been shown to be effective. We present this care report to increase cognizance of this rare entity in the setting of a previously placed aortic endograft and avoid unnecessary surgical interventions

Control desacoplado para bancos de ensayo para investigación en motores de combustión interna

RESUMEN: This article presents a solid and robust automation model which has been developed and implemented in two different research engine test beds which were instrumented, one for diesel and the other one for spark ignition engines. The model, programmed in Matlab, is based on transfer functions with a decoupled (two single input single output systems) independent proportional and integral action controller that allows setting the desired engine speed and torque under stationary operation conditions. It was implemented in a Freescale HC08 family microcontroller external to the PC in order to avoid the risk of losing control during undesirable communication delays on the computer. The model has been validated in a wide range of engine operating modes, from low to high speeds and loads showing a good response. The first order transfer functions with delay have proven to be a good approximation even during the nonlinearities caused by turbocharger and electronic control unit incorporated in the engines. This low cost automation system has been tested for the last three years in a university engine laboratory showing a good performance.ABSTRACT: En este artículo se presenta un modelo de automatización sólido y robusto, que ha sido desarrollado e implementado en bancos de ensayo debidamente instrumentados, usados para investigación tanto en motores diesel como de encendido por chispa. El modelo, programado en Matlab, está basado en funciones de transferencia con un controlador proporcional e integral desacoplado (dos sistemas de una entrada y una salida) que permite fijar las condiciones de operación estacionarias de régimen y par motor deseadas. El modelo se implementó en un microcontrolador de la familia Freescale HC08 externo al computador, con el objeto de evitar el riesgo de pérdida del control por eventuales retardos en la comunicación con el computador. El modelo ha sido validado en un amplio rango de modos de operación que van desde bajas hasta elevadas velocidades y cargas mostrando una respuesta apropiada. El uso de funciones de transferencia de primer orden con retardo probó ser una buena aproximación aún en presencia de las no linealidades generadas por el turbocompresor y la unidad de control electrónica de los motores. Este sistema de automatización de bajo costo ha sido probado durante los últimos tres años en un laboratorio de motores universitario mostrando excelente desempeño

Planeación de mercadeo para la compañía Agrointegral Andina S.A.S

El marketing viene evolucionando con el tiempo y cada vez las empresas se ven obligadas a adaptarse a estos cambios. Las nuevas costumbres de la sociedad y la llegada de muchas herramientas tecnologías han hecho que las organizaciones cambien el marketing tradicional por el marketing digital. El marketing digital está enmarcado en el uso de las TIC, en el desarrollo de nuevos dispositivos electrónicos y nuevas plataformas sociales entre otros, donde la población busca estar interconectada entre sí, conocer y explorar nuevas cosas. Pero a cambio de todo esto los usuarios entregan información personal para poder acceder a dichas plataformas que se alimentaba con dicha información (BIG DATA). Es tanta la población sumergida en este mundo digital que causa interés en muchas organizaciones que quieren hacer marketing digital. Por ello el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las nuevas tendencias del marketing digital en Colombia, ya que este no es un país ajeno a esta ola de cambios. De manera que a través de una investigación de fuentes secundarias y la revisión de diferentes artículos investigativos en el presente trabajo se plantea qué es lo que están haciendo las empresas en Colombia para seguir a la vanguardia del Marketing digital. En este trabajo se pudo establecer que Colombia es el quinto país en Latinoamérica en Marketing Digital y que en su mayoría son personas muy jóvenes las que hacen uso de este tipo de tecnología, es por ello que se recomienda que la atención de las empresas deba dirigirse hacia las exigencias de estos internautasMarketing has been evolving over time and every time companies are forced to adapt to these changes. The new customs of society and the arrival of many technology tools have caused organizations to change traditional marketing for digital marketing. Digital marketing is framed in the use of ICT, in the development of new electronic devices and new social platforms among others, where the population seeks to be interconnected with each other, to know and explore new things. But in exchange for all this, users provide personal information in order to access these platforms that were fed with said information (BIG DATA). There is so much the population submerged in this digital world that causes interest in many organizations that want to do digital marketing. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the new trends of digital marketing in Colombia, since this is not a foreign country to this wave of changes. So, through an investigation of secondary sources and the review of different research articles in this paper, it is proposed that companies in Colombia are doing to continue at the forefront of digital Marketing. In this work it was established that Colombia is the fifth country in Latin America in Digital Marketing and that most of them are very young people who make use of this type of technology, which is why it is recommended that the attention of companies should be directed towards the demands of these Internet users.Universidad Libre - Facultad de ingeniería - Especialización en gerencia de mercadeo y estrategia de venta

Zonificación agroecológica para el establecimiento de sistemas agroforestales: cacao (Theobroma cacao l.) aplicando sistemas de información geográfica SIG en el municipio de Carmen de Chucuri (Santander)

Anexos figura: Figura 1. Diagrama del modelo lógico e identificación de entidades y relaciones; Figura 2. Localización del Municipio de Carmen de Chucuri; Figura 3. Componente Ambiental del Municipio de Carmen de Chucuri; Figura 4. Componente edáfico del Municipio de Carmen de Chucuri; Figura 5. Componente Climático del Municipio de Carmen de Chucuri; Figura 6. Mapas aptitud cultivo de cacao y forestal del Municipio de Carmen de Chucuri; Figura 7. Mapa con y sin restricciones Ambientales del Municipio de Carmen de Chucuri; Figura 8. Mapa de Aptitud agrícola del Municipio de Carmen de Chucuri; Figura 9. Mapa de Aptitud cultivo de cacao bajo sistemas agroforestales del Municipio de Carmen de Chucuri; Figura 10. Área Sembrada del cultivo de cacao del municipio del Carmen de chucuri entre el año 2010-2022. Anexos cuadros: Tabla 1. Clasificación propuesta para la reclasificación de los modelos de aptitud; Tabla 2. Ponderación de la influencia de los componentes en la agricultura; Tabla 3. Ponderación de la influencia Aptitud cultivo de cacao bajo sistemas agroforestales; Tabla 4. Resumen de las aéreas y porcentajes del mapa con y sin Restricciones; Tabla 5. Resumen de las aéreas y porcentajes del mapa aptitud Agrícola; Tabla 6. Resumen de las aéreas y porcentajes del mapa aptitud cultivo de cacao en sistemas agroforestales.El Carmen de Chucurí es un municipio de orientación hacia la agricultura, donde aproximadamente 3,500 familias basan su sustento en el cultivo de cacao, abarcando más de 15,000 hectáreas. Existe una problemática actual sobre el uso adecuado de los suelos sobre todo en la parte de las normativas en especial en las POTs esto debido a diversos factores medio ambientales y sociales, el departamento de Santander posee una de las tasas más altas de uso de suelo para la agricultura, además se encuentra entre los primeros en la tabla de conflictos de suelos, esto es preocupante porque el departamento es una región con alta diversidad en Flora y fauna, el Carmen de Chucuri posee esta característica particulares y diversos factores socioeconómicos y ambientales han acentuado esta problemática del uso de suelo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las áreas potencialmente aptas para instalar los sistemas agroforestales según criterios agroecológicos en el municipio de Carmen de chucuri, Santander, a través de la aplicación del álgebra de mapas y sistemas de información geográfica (SIG). Como resultado, se identificaron zonas con aptitud alta para el cultivo de cacao con SAF, que abarcan el 31.20%, equivalente a aproximadamente 18815.707 hectáreas, ubicadas en la parte noroccidente del municipio. Las zonas con aptitud moderada representaron el 11.78%, con 7102.74 hectáreas entre el norte y sur del municipio. Esta clasificación es crucial como base para el correcto uso del suelo y mitigar el daño causado a este bien tan importante para el ambiente y la agricultura.El Carmen de Chucurí is an agriculturally oriented municipality, where approximately 3,500 families base their livelihood on cocoa cultivation, covering more than 15,000 hectares. There is a current problem regarding the appropriate use of land, especially in the regulations, especially in POTs, due to various environmental and social factors. The department of Santander has one of the highest rates of land use for Agriculture is also among the first in the table of soil conflicts, this is worrying because the department is a region with high diversity in flora and fauna, Carmen de Chucuri has this particular characteristic and various socioeconomic and environmental factors have accentuated this land use problem. The objective of this research was to identify areas potentially suitable for installing agroforestry systems according to agroecological criteria in the municipality of Carmen de chucuri, Santander, through the application of map algebra and geographic information systems (GIS). As a result, areas with high suitability for cocoa cultivation with SAF were identified, covering 31.20%, equivalent to approximately 18,815,707 hectares, located in the northwestern part of the municipality. The areas with moderate suitability represented 11.78%, with 7102.74 hectares between the north and south of the municipality. This classification is crucial as a basis for the correct use of the land and mitigating the damage caused to this asset, which is so important for the environment and agriculture

El complejo Sogata y el virus de la hoja blanca, en el cultivo de arroz en Colombia

Arroz-Oryza sativ

Mixed Goblet Cell Carcinoid-Adenocarcinoma: A Case Series

INTRODUCTION: Mixed goblet cell carcinoid-adenocarcinoma (GCC) tumors are a group of rare heterogenous neoplasms of the appendix accounting for \u3c 5% of all primary appendiceal tumors. They are characterized as an intermediate between classic carcinoid tumors and appendiceal adenocarcinomas, exhibiting both neuroendocrine and glandular/mucinous morphology that most commonly presents in Caucasian females in the fifth and sixth decades. We present three cases of mixed GCC presenting as acute appendicitis. CASE PRESENTATION: Case #1 A 65-year-old male presented with RLQ pain, nausea, emesis, and leukocytosis. CT of the abdomen revealed perforated appendicitis. The patient underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy. Pathology revealed a high-grade adenocarcinoma ex goblet cell carcinoid, signet ring type extending through the muscularis propria into the mesoappendix measuring \u3e3cm. The patient subsequently underwent a colonoscopy that revealed diverticulosis, but was otherwise normal. Patient then underwent a right hemicolectomy and partial omentectomy. Pathology revealed normal ileal, omental, and colonic tissue without evidence of carcinoma. 0/12 nodes were positive. Case #2 A 49-year-old male presented with periumbilical pain, nausea, emesis, and leukocytosis. CT of the abdomen revealed appendicitis. The patient underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy. Pathology revealed a high-grade, poorly differentiated, adenocarcinoma ex goblet cell carcinoid invading through the muscularis propria into the periappendiceal soft tissue measuring 1.5cm. The patient subsequently underwent a colonoscopy that revealed diverticulosis, but was otherwise normal. Patient then underwent a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Pathology revealed normal ileal and colonic mucosa without evidence of carcinoma. 0/14 nodes were positive. Case #3 A 70-year-old female presented with periumbilical pain. CT of the abdomen revealed appendicitis. The patient underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy. Pathology revealed a high-grade adenocarcinoma ex goblet cell carcinoid extending through the muscularis propria into the mesoappendix measuring 4cm. Patient then underwent an exploratory laparotomy with a right hemicolectomy. Pathology revealed normal ileal and colonic mucosa without evidence of carcinoma. 0/21 nodes were positive. CONCLUSION: Mixed GCC tumors are rare tumors that tend to present at an advanced stage and most commonly spread via direct extension. Surgical resection with a right hemi-colectomy after an appendectomy has been shown to improve the prognosis. HIPEC and adjuvant chemotherapy are other therapeutic options, but have not been shown to improve survival. In the current age of increasing rates of managing acute appendicitis non-operatively we strongly encourage surgical appendectomy in patients older than 45 years of age to avoid missing this important diagnosis and the opportunity to treat it in a timely manner

Protein network prediction and topological analysis in Leishmania major as a tool for drug target selection

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Leishmaniasis is a virulent parasitic infection that causes a worldwide disease burden. Most treatments have toxic side-effects and efficacy has decreased due to the emergence of resistant strains. The outlook is worsened by the absence of promising drug targets for this disease. We have taken a computational approach to the detection of new drug targets, which may become an effective strategy for the discovery of new drugs for this tropical disease.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have predicted the protein interaction network of <it>Leishmania major </it>by using three validated methods: PSIMAP, PEIMAP, and iPfam. Combining the results from these methods, we calculated a high confidence network (confidence score > 0.70) with 1,366 nodes and 33,861 interactions. We were able to predict the biological process for 263 interacting proteins by doing enrichment analysis of the clusters detected. Analyzing the topology of the network with metrics such as connectivity and betweenness centrality, we detected 142 potential drug targets after homology filtering with the human proteome. Further experiments can be done to validate these targets.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have constructed the first protein interaction network of the <it>Leishmania major </it>parasite by using a computational approach. The topological analysis of the protein network enabled us to identify a set of candidate proteins that may be both (1) essential for parasite survival and (2) without human orthologs. These potential targets are promising for further experimental validation. This strategy, if validated, may augment established drug discovery methodologies, for this and possibly other tropical diseases, with a relatively low additional investment of time and resources.</p

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot