Transformations compactes de triangulations surfaciques par bascule d'arête

The development of scanning 3D shapes (national heritage conservation, ecommerce, reverse engineering, virtual reality environments) and the growing need for geometric objects in many applications (computer-aided design, simulations, geographic information systems, digital entertainment) have led to a dramatic increase in the volume of data to be processed, and the emergence of many methods of compression of 3D models. This volume of data becomes even more difficult to control when the temporal aspect comes in. Meshes correspond to the pattern typically used to model the scanned forms and some approaches exploit a property of compression that a good estimation of connectivity can be derived from sampling, when it appears sufficiently dense. Compressing the connectivity of a mesh is equivalent to coding the difference between two close connectivities. In this thesis, we focus on the compact coding of this difference for 2-dimensional meshes. Our work is based on the use and study of the properties of the edge flip. Our contributions are the following : - Given two connected triangulations that share the same number of vertices and the same topological genus, we propose a direct and efficient algorithm to generate a sequence of edge flips to change one mesh into the other. We rely on a correspondence between the vertices of the two meshes, which, if not provided, may be chosen randomly. The validity of the algorithm is based on the fact that we intend to work in a triangulation of a different class from those generally used. - We then generalize the edge flips to triangulations in which we identify each edge with a label. We show that a sequence of edge flips can be used to transpose two labels, under certain conditions. From this result, the edge flip can be generalized to meshes whose faces are not necessarily triangular, which allowed us to develop an algorithm for reducing sequences of edge flips. - Finally, we present a compact coding approach for a sequence of edge flips, and determine under what conditions it is better to use this compact transformation between two connectivities instead of coding them independently by a static algorithmLe développement de la numérisation systématique des formes 3D (conservation du patrimoine national, commerce électronique, reverse engineering, intégration d’objets réels dans des environnements de réalité virtuelle) et le besoin toujours croissant de ces objets géométriques dans de nombreuses applications (conception assistée par ordinateur, calcul de simulations par éléments finis, système d’informations géographiques, loisirs numériques) a entrainé une augmentation vertigineuse du volume de données à traiter, avec l’émergence de nombreuses méthodes de compression de modèles 3D. Ce volume de données devient encore plus difficile à maitriser lorsque l’aspect temporel entre en jeu. Les maillages correspondent au modèle classiquement utilisé pour modéliser les formes numérisées et certaines approches de compression exploitent la propriété qu’une bonne estimation de la connectivité peut être déduite de l’échantillonnage, lorsque ce dernier s’avère suffisamment dense. La compression de la connectivité d’un maillage revient alors au codage de l’écart entre deux connectivités proches. Dans ce mémoire, nous nous intéressons au codage compact de cette différence pour des maillages surfaciques. Nos travaux sont fondés sur l’utilisation de la bascule d’arête (edge flip) et l’étude de ses propriétés. Nos contributions sont les suivantes. Etant donné deux triangulations connexes partageant le même nombre de sommets et un même genre topologique, nous proposons un algorithme direct et efficace pour générer une séquence de bascules d’arêtes permettant de passer d’un maillage `a un autre. Nous nous appuyons sur une correspondance entre les sommets des deux maillages, qui, si elle est non fournie, peut être choisie de manière totalement aléatoir

Long-Range Transformer Architectures for Document Understanding

Since their release, Transformers have revolutionized many fields from Natural Language Understanding to Computer Vision. Document Understanding (DU) was not left behind with first Transformer based models for DU dating from late 2019. However, the computational complexity of the self-attention operation limits their capabilities to small sequences. In this paper we explore multiple strategies to apply Transformer based models to long multi-page documents. We introduce 2 new multi-modal (text + layout) long-range models for DU. They are based on efficient implementations of Transformers for long sequences. Long-range models can process whole documents at once effectively and are less impaired by the document's length. We compare them to LayoutLM, a classical Transformer adapted for DU and pre-trained on millions of documents. We further propose 2D relative attention bias to guide self-attention towards relevant tokens without harming model efficiency. We observe improvements on multi-page business documents on Information Retrieval for a small performance cost on smaller sequences. Relative 2D attention revealed to be effective on dense text for both normal and long-range models.Comment: Conference: ICDAR 2023 Workshops on Document Analysis and Recognitio

rCBP-dependent regulation in rice innate immunity

Plant innate immunity against bacterial attacks is a two-tiered inducible system capable of defense responses at local and systemic areas. These systems are the PTI and ETI. During infection, PTI has the ability to recognize microbial signatures upon bacterial contact, while ETI recognizes microbial protein secretions called effectors delivered inside the cell. The activation of PTI and ETI confers systemic tissues of infected plants a broad-spectrum immunity against later pathogen attacks termed systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Defense priming is an adaptive component of SAR that regulates the molecular storage of defense memory for a more effective defense response. The main aim of this work is finding a novel molecular defense signaling pathway that is controlled by acetylation at the infected (local defense) and systemic tissues (priming defense). To investigate the role of histone acetyltransferase-dependent pathway in plant immunity, I have isolated transgenic and mutant lines of rCBP, [rice Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) Binding Protein], under Nipponbare cultivar background using RNAi silencing and gRNA/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Animal CBP was initially described as both transcriptional coactivator and histone acetyltransferase. The rCBP-RNAi lines with mistargeting of the other members of CBP family are characterized by massive sterility and impairment of the number of effective grains. On the other hand, the CRISPR/Cas9 mutant lines have wild-type number of effective grains. To profile the global acetylation of histone lysine-sites via rCBP, I performed mass spectrometry-based proteomics in data dependent acquisition (DDA) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) modes. My results showed that H3 lysine sites are possibly targeted by rCBP with very high acetylation specificity on H3K9. To implicate the role of rCBP in rice innate immunity, I conducted a pathogenesis assay with bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringiae pv. oryzae (Pso). Pathogenesis assay showed that rCBP-/- mutants are resistant to Pso infection compared to segregated wild-type control. I also performed transcriptome analysis on local and systemic tissues with Pso to investigate the genome-wide effects of rCBP mutation and to identify factors with roles in both basal and systemic immune response. As a result, I have identified seven putative rCBPdependent transcriptional repressors that possibly explain the resistance phenotype of rCBP mutant lines. Overall, these data preliminary indicate that rCBP is both a positive regulator of developmental processes and a negative regulator of rice immunity. These data also suggest that rCBP may execute this dual regulatory function either through H3K9ac and/or cotranscriptional activity on target gene loci.Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate Universit

A study of the time allocation and full income of the Laguna households

In investigating the interrelationship of time allocation and full income of the Laguna farmers, this study follows the theory of the New Household Economics. The theory treats time, the only common resource available to all individuals, as an economic resource. Time, due to its scarcity and high value, is recognized as the critical factor in analyzing economic behaviour. The efforts, or lack of them, of individuals could only be analyzed through time. The hypothesis implicitly being postulated in this study is that the more effort an individual makes, the greater his/her income is expected to be. Time not only is used as an accounting unit for full income computations but also is treated as a variable that explains income. An individual's income is defined in this study as the summation of the value of the different time classifications of an individual, i.e., market-production time, home-production time, and leisure. Full household income is nothing other than the total incomes of the various individual members plus non-labour income of the family. The source of data used in this study is a multi-purpose survey conducted in Laguna, Philippines, employing both a recall-record and an intensive direct-observation method. Least-squares theory regression analysis revealed that market time, home time, market wage rate, age and education of an individual are the variables that best explain his/her income. With respect to full household income, the important determinants were market wage rate, total expenditure, market time, age, net assets, education, family size and home time, in that order. The different behaviours of individuals, as reflected in their time use, are found to be influenced by their different attributes; that is, their ages, education/training, as well as market wage rates. Canonical correlation analysis was employed to find the inter-relationship between two sets of variables. It is concluded that the longer time an individual devotes for productive activities, the higher his/her income is. The time a person devotes for different activities is dictated by his/her needs, training, and other personal attributes. This is taken to mean that one's efforts determine to a very large degree his/her position in society, income-wise

Technical-Vocational Livelihood Education: Emerging Trends in Contextualised Mathematics Teaching

Technical-Vocational Livelihood Education (TVLE) Strategies and Indicators (S&Is) are the strategic procedures needed to come up with a well-informed contextualised learning instruction. This study is aimed at exploring the trends in Technical-Vocational Livelihood Education. The focus of this study is on soliciting relevant strategies and indicators (S&I) that can be utilised to develop a contextualised mathematics teaching module. S&Is in this study are consolidated from various experts in the field of curriculum contextualisation who were purposively selected from various regions representing the DepEd Manila, DepEd Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, and Palawan (MIMAROPA), DepEd Bicol region (Region 5), and DepEd Central Visayas (Region 7) recommended by the Department of Education (DepEd) Manila. Formal interviews and coding of consolidated experts’ experiences have passed through a qualitative thematic analysis to obtain a profound understanding of the strategies and indicators. After a thorough investigation of the information gathered, related studies, and theoretical reviews, the study resulted in the seven (7) stages of a contextualised mathematics teaching module such as 1) Planning, 2) Assessment of the curriculum guide and resources, 3) Collaboration and Consultative Meeting, 4) Crafting and Developing of the Contextualise Learning Modules/Lessons, 5) Implementation, 6) Monitoring, and 7) Evaluation and feedback. The first four (4) stages are the developmental phase cons Planning, Assessment, Collaboration, and Crafting of the working module (PACC). While, the remaining three stages to implement, monitor, and conducts of evaluation and feedback are on the validation phase. As module, the contextualised mathematics teaching can be utilised as a training guide for teachers in Technical-Vocational Livelihood Education strands of the K-12 curriculum. Further research may be conducted to validate the most appropriate modular approach in teaching specific subjects

dSAP18 and dHDAC1 contribute to the functional regulation of the Drosophila Fab-7 element

It was described earlier that the Drosophila GAGA factor [Trithorax-like (Trl)] interacts with dSAP18, which, in mammals, was reported to be a component of the Sin3–HDAC co-repressor complex. GAGA–dSAP18 interaction was proposed to contribute to the functional regulation of the bithorax complex (BX-C). Here, we show that mutant alleles of Trl, dsap18 and drpd3/hdac1 enhance A6-to-A5 transformation indicating a contribution to the regulation of Abd-B expression at A6. In A6, expression of Abd-B is driven by the iab-6 enhancer, which is insulated from iab-7 by the Fab-7 element. Here, we report that GAGA, dSAP18 and dRPD3/HDAC1 co-localize to ectopic Fab-7 sites in polytene chromosomes and that mutant Trl, dsap18 and drpd3/hdac1 alleles affect Fab-7-dependent silencing. Consistent with these findings, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis shows that, in Drosophila embryos, the endogenous Fab-7 element is hypoacetylated at histones H3 and H4. These results indicate a contribution of GAGA, dSAP18 and dRPD3/HDAC1 to the regulation of Fab-7 function