La motivación y su contribución en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes del II ciclo de la carrera de Educación Artística en una escuela nacional de educación superior de Lima, en el periodo 2021-II

La presente investigación tiene como propósito explicar, cómo la motivación contribuye con el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes de lII ciclo de la carrera de Educación Artística de una escuela nacional de educación superior de Lima. Los participantes fueron 15 estudiantes entre hombres y mujeres de diversas procedencias geográficas dentro del país. La metodología empleada es de enfoque cualitativo, alcance explicativo y de diseño fenomenológico. Los resultados evidenciaron que los estudiantes consideran que la motivación fomenta la habilidad de analizar argumentos, conduciéndolos a la recopilación de información de fuentes confiables y al estudio profundo de estas. Asimismo, se observó que la motivación aporta en la elaboración de inferencias a través del deseo por formular conjeturas más razonadas para debatir y contraargumentar otras posturas. También, se comprobó que la motivación contribuye a la explicación de argumentos mediante la satisfacción interna al momento de construir opiniones más elaboradas, así como para conseguir altas calificaciones. Finalmente, se comprobó que la motivación apoya la autorregulación de los estudiantes al momento de autoevaluar sus aprendizajes o de generar nuevos hábitos de estudio. Se concluye que la motivación fomenta el desarrollo de todas las habilidades del pensamiento crítico a través de diversas actividades y estrategias empleadas por el docente y los estudiantes. Asimismo, el uso del trabajo colaborativo fomenta el interés de estos para generar aprendizajes sólidos y argumentos con sentido crítico.Escuela de Postgrad

Multicentre, randomised, single-blind, parallel group trial to compare the effectiveness of a Holter for Parkinson's symptoms against other clinical monitoring methods: study protocol

Introduction In recent years, multiple studies have aimed to develop and validate portable technological devices capable of monitoring the motor complications of Parkinson's disease patients (Parkinson's Holter). The effectiveness of these monitoring devices for improving clinical control is not known. Methods and analysis This is a single-blind, cluster-randomised controlled clinical trial. Neurologists from Spanish health centres will be randomly assigned to one of three study arms (1:1:1): (a) therapeutic adjustment using information from a Parkinson?s Holter that will be worn by their patients for 7 days, (b) therapeutic adjustment using information from a diary of motor fluctuations that will be completed by their patients for 7 days and (c) therapeutic adjustment using clinical information collected during consultation. It is expected that 162 consecutive patients will be included over a period of 6 months. The primary outcome is the efficiency of the Parkinson?s Holter compared with traditional clinical practice in terms of Off time reduction with respect to the baseline (recorded through a diary of motor fluctuations, which will be completed by all patients). As secondary outcomes, changes in variables related to other motor complications (dyskinesia and freezing of gait), quality of life, autonomy in activities of daily living, adherence to the monitoring system and number of doctor?patient contacts will be analysed. The noninferiority of the Parkinson's Holter against the diary of motor fluctuations in terms of Off time reduction will be studied as the exploratory objective. Ethics and dissemination approval for this study has been obtained from the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge Ethics Committee. The results of this study will inform the practical utility of the objective information provided by a Parkinson's Holter and, therefore, the convenience of adopting this technology in clinical practice and in future clinical trials. We expect public dissemination of the results in 2022.Funding This work is supported by AbbVie S.L.U, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III [DTS17/00195] and the European Fund for Regional Development, 'A way to make Europe'

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Serum Neuropeptide Y Levels Are Associated with TNF-α Levels and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a sympathetic neurotransmitter with effects on the regulation of inflammatory cells. The role of NPY on autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not completely understood. Therefore, we evaluate if NPY levels are markers of disease activity in RA and if there is a correlation between NPY levels and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels. Methods. Cross-sectional design, including 108 women with RA. We assessed disease activity by DAS28-ESR (considering active disease a score of ≥2.6). Serum NPY levels and anti-CCP2 antibody, TNF-α, IL-6, and leptin levels were quantified (ELISA). Results. Sixty-eight RA had an active disease (RA-active), and 40 were in remission (RA-remission). RA-active patients had higher NPY levels vs. RA-remission (22.8±13.6 vs. 17.8±10.3; p=0.04). NPY levels correlated with increased TNF-α levels (r=0.32, p=0.001). Leptin or IL-6 did not correlate with NPY levels. In the logistic regression analysis, NPY increased the risk of disease activity (OR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.006-1.09, and p=0.03). Conclusion. Higher NPY levels are an independent marker of disease activity in RA. This study encourages the quantification of NPY levels as a surrogate marker for RA-active. Future studies evaluating the role of NPY levels interacting with other proinflammatory cytokines are required

TVII - Taller de Integración - AR324 - 202102

Descripción: El curso TVII Taller de Integración es un curso perteneciente al séptimo nivel de los talleres de diseño arquitectónico que constituyen la columna vertebral de la carrera. en el que el estudiante Desarrollará propuestas arquitectónicas en las que las consideraciones específicas que fueron materia principal de los anteriores talleres estén satisfactoriamente atendidas. En los niveles precedentes, cada taller ha tenido un tema de inflexión (explicitado en el propio nombre del taller) Introducción al diseño de la Arquitectura, Arquitectura y Arte, Arquitectura y Entorno, Arquitectura y Función, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente y Arquitectura y Construcción) En este nivel se pretende hacer que el estudiante adquiera una experiencia en la que aplique de manera integral los 06 temas anteriores en un proyecto arquitectónico. Este curso permite comprender la importancia que tiene cada una de las inflexiones en el Proceso de Diseño. En este nivel se trabajan proyectos con mayor envergadura y complejidad como Edificaciones Hospitalarias, Edificios Híbridos, Teatros de gran escala, entre otros. El curso de taller se basa en la búsqueda y ensayo de una metodología de diseño, mediante la rigurosidad y compromiso, que le permite al estudiante transitar por los distintos niveles de un método y acercarse al logro de los objetivos. Propósito: El curso Taller VII ¿Taller de integración tiene como propósito que el estudiante trabaje y desarrolle las herramientas necesarias para su desenvolvimiento en el campo profesional. En él se concientiza, refuerza y consolida en el estudiante, la importancia de las ideas detrás de un proyecto arquitectónico, una arquitectura pensada y no arbitraria, la importancia del desarrollo de un buen lenguaje, en el caso de la arquitectura, planos profesionales bien dibujados y expresados, imágenes en 03 dimensiones, esquemas. Por ello, se puede afirmar que los temas a trabajar son una excusa para desarrollar estas habilidades que finalmente aseguran el logro del nivel de las competencias. La asignatura contribuye al desarrollo de la competencia general Pensamiento innovador y la competencia específica de la carrera: Diseño Fundamentado que corresponde a los criterios NAAB : PC2, PC3, PC8, PC5, SC3, SC5 , ambas en el nivel de logro A2. Tiene como pre requisito la asignatura de AR313 Taller VI - Arquitectura y Construcció

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present