DEFENSORIA PÚBLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO E SUA CLIENTELA

O objetivo do artigo é conhecer melhor a Defensoria Pública do Rio de Janeiro a partir do cruzamento de olhares entre os defensores públicos e os seus assistidos. Para isso, foram feitas pesquisas de campo com esses dois grupos. O resultado ao qual chegamos é de que a Defensoria Pública no Brasil goza de um baixo status social, que hoje, no Rio de Janeiro, é uma carreira jurídica que tende a experimentar um processo de feminização, e que pela proximidade/identificação com os pobres, os defensores públicos estão conscientes dos principais problemas sociais brasileiros. Por esta proximidade com os pobres, os defensores públicos do Rio de Janeiro se veem com a missão de defendê-los, desempenhando, ao mesmo tempo uma atividade profissional missionária e assistencial.  Por sua vez, os assistidos reforçam, nos próprios defensores públicos, esse senso de missão social à medida que esperam que estes façam ainda mais e melhor do que têm feito. Palavras-chave: Defensoria Pública. Acesso à justiça. Desigualdade social

The traditional knowledge on stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponina) used by the Enawene-Nawe tribe in western Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This paper presents the Enawene-Nawe Society's traditional knowledge about stingless bees. The Enawene-Nawe are an Aruak speaking people, indigenous to the Meridian Amazon. Specifically, they live in the Jurema River hydrological basin, located in the northwestern region of the Mato Grosso state.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The stingless bees were sampled from two ecologically similar regions in the interior of Enawene-Nawe Land. The first sampling took place around the village, i.e., adjacent to houses, by the edge of the Iquê River, next to food leftovers, around human excrement, and simply when the insects were found flying or reposing on a human body. The second round of sampling happened from 29/10 to 02/11/94, during an expedition for honey collection that took place throughout the ciliar bushes of the Papagaio River, an important tributary of Juruena River. We sampled bees adjacent to their nests following the beehive inspection or during the honey extraction.</p> <p>In this work, the main bee species of the sub tribe Meliponina, which were handled by the Enawene-Nawe, was identified, and a brief ethnographic description of the honey collection expeditions and its social-cosmologic meaning for the group was done.</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>Similar to other indigenous people in Brazil, the Enawene-Nawe recognized 48 stingless bee species. They identified each bee species by name and specified each one's ecological niche. A brief ethnographic description of the honey collection expeditions and bees' social-cosmologic meaning for the group is included.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We concluded that, as an example of other indigenous people, the Enawene-Nawe classify and identify the bees based not only on their structure and morphological aspects but also on the ecological, etiological, and social characteristics of the species.</p

Consumo de antioxidantes por praticantes de atividade física

Introduction. The practice of physical exercises promotes beneficial effects to human health, but when physiological limits are not respected, can cause damage to the body, such as cause increase of production of free radicals. The term antioxidant refers to chemical compounds that reduce the oxidative effects of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids caused by free radicals. Antioxidants have the ability to react with these radicals reducing their harmful effects. Objective: To carry out a bibliographic search on the consumption of antioxidants by physical activity practitioners. Materials and methods: This is an integrative literature review. To search and select the studies, the databases Ebscohost and Scielo and the Google academic search engine totaling 8 articles were published between the years 2015 and 2019. Results and discussion: In all studies analyzed, it was verified that there was inadequacy of the consumption of antioxidant foods by practitioners of various types of physical activity, aerobic and anaerobic, among the vitamins and minerals studied, a predominance of low consumption especially of Vitamins A and C was observed. Conclusion: In the present research it was observed that physical activity practitioners, present inadequate antioxidant intake, it is necessary the adequate intake of these compounds due to the physical stress of the injuries resulting from the practice of sports.Introdução. A prática de exercícios físicos promove efeitos benéficos à saúde humana, porém, quando os limites fisiológicos não são respeitados, pode provocar danos ao organismo, como por exemplo, causar o aumento da produção de radicais livres. O termo antioxidante refere-se a compostos químicos que reduzem os efeitos oxidativos de lipídios, proteínas e ácidos nucleicos causados pelos radicais livres.  Os antioxidantes apresentam capacidade de reagir com estes radicais diminuindo seus efeitos nocivos. Objetivo: Realizar uma busca bibliográfica sobre o consumo de antioxidantes por praticantes de atividade física. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa. Para busca e seleção dos estudos utilizou-se as bases de dados: Ebscohost e Scielo e o buscador Google acadêmico totalizando 8 artigos, publicados entre os anos de 2015 a 2019. Resultados e discussão: Em todos os estudos analisados, verificou-se que houve inadequação do consumo de alimentos antioxidantes por praticantes de diversos tipos de atividade física, aeróbias e anaeróbias, entre as vitaminas e minerais estudados, observou-se um predomínio de baixo consumo especialmente das Vitaminas A e C. Conclusão: Na presente pesquisa observou-se que os praticantes de atividade física, apresentam consumo inadequado de antioxidantes, é necessário a ingestão adequada  desses compostos devido ao stress físico das lesões decorrentes da prática desportiva

A Percepção da autoimagem corporal e prática de atividade física em universitários

Currently, the biggest concern of practitioners of physical activity is related to body aesthetics. However, excessive care can cause a set of dissatisfactions with body image. This study aimed to verify the relationship between the perception of body self-image and the practice of physical activity in university students. This is a cross-sectional, inferential and analytical study, carried out with students from the Nutrition course at a university in the state of Pará. The variables used were: gender, age group, occupation, weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), silhouette according to the BMI, current physical appearance, satisfaction with the current appearance and appearance that I would like to have, recreational / sports activity, type, duration and main reason for practicing physical activity. Using the GNU R version 3.6.1 program, the X2 test was applied for the association between the perception of body image and the study variables, adopting a significance level of 5%. The results showed a predominance of females, aged 20 to 25 years, who only study. There was a prevalence of dissatisfaction with thinness among eutrophic and overweight individuals and also of physical activity for reasons of aesthetics and health. With this study it can be concluded that the greater the frequency with which one practices physical activity, the better the perception and satisfaction with the body image will be, being a very important factor for the resolution of the image disorders observed in most of the studied population.Atualmente, a maior preocupação dos praticantes de atividade física está relacionada à estética corporal. Porém, o cuidado excessivo pode provocar um conjunto de insatisfações com a imagem corporal. Este estudo objetivou verificar a relação entre a percepção da autoimagem corporal e a prática de atividade física em universitários. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, inferencial e analítico, realizado com acadêmicos do curso de Nutrição de uma universidade no estado do Pará. As variáveis utilizadas foram: gênero, faixa etária, ocupação, peso, altura, Ãndice de Massa Corporal (IMC), silhueta de acordo com o IMC, aparência física atual, satisfação com a aparência atual e aparência que gostaria de ter, prática de atividade recreativa/desportiva, tipo, duração e principal motivo para praticar atividade física. Por meio do programa GNU R versão 3.6.1 foi aplicado o teste X2 para associação entre a percepção da imagem corporal e as variáveis do estudo, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados apontaram predominância do gênero feminino, na faixa etária de 20 a 25 anos, que apenas estudam. Houve prevalência de insatisfação por magreza entre eutróficos e com excesso de peso e de prática de atividade física por motivos de estética e saúde. Com este estudo pode-se concluir que quanto maior a frequência com que se pratica uma atividade física, melhor será a percepção e satisfação com a imagem corporal, sendo um fator muito importante para a resolução dos distúrbios de imagem observados em grande parte da população estudada

Selection of common bean families for resistance to anthracnose, grain yield and carioca grain type

Na obten??o de cultivares de feij?o com resist?ncia ? antracnose, outros atributos agron?micos tamb?m devem ser considerados para atender a prefer?ncia do consumidor e do produtor. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se identificar fam?lias de feij?o que re?nam, al?m da resist?ncia ? antracnose, alta produtividade, gr?os tipo Carioca e porte ereto. Foram cruzados os genitores CNFC 10706, B1 portador do alelo de resist?ncia ? antracnose Co-4 e H147 portador do alelo de resist?ncia Co-5. Os tr?s possuem gr?os semelhantes ao Carioca. Inicialmente foram avaliadas 224 fam?lias F2:3, derivadas dos tr?s cruzamentos, mais a cultivar Talism? como testemunha, no inverno/primavera de 2004, em Lavras, com base no tipo de gr?o. Foram selecionadas 99 fam?lias F2:4 e avaliadas com a testemunha Talism?, na seca de 2005 em Lavras e Lambari. Essas 99 fam?lias foram tamb?m inoculadas com as ra?as 593 e 337 de C. lindemuthianum, para auxiliar na sele??o daquelas portadoras dos alelos de resist?ncia Co-4 e Co-5. As 35 fam?lias F2:5 remanescentes, foram avaliadas no inverno/primavera de 2005, em Ijaci, MG. Em todos os experimentos foi utilizado, o delineamento l?tice quadrado. As 35 fam?lias foram novamente inoculadas com as ra?as 65 e 321. Por meio das inocula??es e tamb?m com o uso de um marcador molecular SCAR ligado ao alelo Co-4, foi poss?vel identificar a constitui??o gen?tica da maioria das 35 fam?lias quanto ? rea??o antracnose e selecionar quatro que re?nem, simultaneamente, tipo de gr?os semelhante ao Carioca, porte ereto e boa produtividade, al?m de serem portadoras dos alelos Co-4 e Co-5 de resist?ncia ? antracnose.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)In the common bean breeding, besides anthracnose resistance other agronomical traits need to be considered for achieving the producer and consumer requirements. So the aims of this research were to select common bean families resistant to anthracnose, high grain yield, Carioca grain type and upright plant type. The lines CNFC 10706, B1 and H147 were crossed. All of them have Carioca grain type. The B1 line is resistant to anthracnose due to the Co-4 allele, and the H147 due to the Co-5 allele. From the CNFC 10706 x H147, CNFC 10706 x B1 and H147x B1, 224 F2:3 families plus the check Talism? were evaluated in the winter/spring of 2004, in Lavras county, based on grain type. Ninety nine families were selected and evaluated, plus the check, in the seca of 2005 at Lavras and Lambari county. The families were also inoculated with the 337 and 593 races of C. lindemunthianum for selecting those with the Co-4 and Co-5 resistant alleles. The 35 selected families (F2:5) were evaluated in the winter/spring of 2005, in Ijaci county. The square lattice design was used in all experiments. Those 35 families were also inoculated with the 65 and 321 races of C. lindemunthianum. Through the inoculations and the Co-4 SCAR marker the genetic constitutions of most of the 35 families were identified. Four families were selected with Carioca grain type, upright plant type, high grain yield and besides bearing the Co-4 and Co-5 alleles for anthracnose resistance

Reduced risk of synovial sarcoma in females: X-chromosome inactivation?

Synovial sarcoma shows a characteristic t(X;18) translocation but not the expected female predominance in incidence. We speculate that, among females, one X-chromosome is inactivated and that only the translocation to an active X-chromosome leads to development of synovial sarcoma. Population-based cancer registry data from the SEER program support this hypothesis

Mitochondrial echoes of first settlement and genetic continuity in El Salvador

Background: From Paleo-Indian times to recent historical episodes, the Mesoamerican isthmus played an important role in the distribution and patterns of variability all around the double American continent. However, the amount of genetic information currently available on Central American continental populations is very scarce. In order to shed light on the role of Mesoamerica in the peopling of the New World, the present study focuses on the analysis of the mtDNA variation in a population sample from El Salvador. Methodology/Principal Findings: We have carried out DNA sequencing of the entire control region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome in 90 individuals from El Salvador. We have also compiled more than 3,985 control region profiles from the public domain and the literature in order to carry out inter-population comparisons. The results reveal a predominant Native American component in this region: by far, the most prevalent mtDNA haplogroup in this country (at ~90%) is A2, in contrast with other North, Meso- and South American populations. Haplogroup A2 shows a star-like phylogeny and is very diverse with a substantial proportion of mtDNAs (45%; sequence range 16090–16365) still unobserved in other American populations. Two different Bayesian approaches used to estimate admixture proportions in El Salvador shows that the majority of the mtDNAs observed come from North America. A preliminary founder analysis indicates that the settlement of El Salvador occurred about 13,400±5,200 Y.B.P.. The founder age of A2 in El Salvador is close to the overall age of A2 in America, which suggests that the colonization of this region occurred within a few thousand years of the initial expansion into the Americas. Conclusions/Significance: As a whole, the results are compatible with the hypothesis that today's A2 variability in El Salvador represents to a large extent the indigenous component of the region. Concordant with this hypothesis is also the observation of a very limited contribution from European and African women (~5%). This implies that the Atlantic slave trade had a very small demographic impact in El Salvador in contrast to its transformation of the gene pool in neighbouring populations from the Caribbean facade