Induced Ge Spin Polarization at the Fe/Ge Interface

We report direct experimental evidence showing induced magnetic moments on Ge at the interface in an Fe/Ge system. Details of the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and resonant magnetic scattering at the Ge L edge demonstrate the presence of spin-polarized {\it s} states at the Fermi level, as well as {\it d} character moments at higher energy, which are both oriented antiparallel to the moment of the Fe layer. Use of the sum rules enables extraction of the L/S ratio, which is zero for the {\it s} part and $\sim0.5$ for the {\it d} component. These results are consistent with layer-resolved electronic structure calculations, which estimate the {\it s} and {\it d} components of the Ge moment are anti-parallel to the Fe {\it 3d} moment and have a magnitude of $\sim0.01 \mu_B$.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

68/02/01 Brief for the United States as Amicus Curiae

In sum, we believe that it is consistent with the Fourth Amendment to recognize a power in law enforcement officers to detain and question under circumstances amounting to less than probable cause for a formal arrest, and that, in exercising such power, the officer may legitimately protect himself by a frisk for dangerous weapons -- from page 18

Perspective Chapter: Negative Thermal Gradient Gas Chromatography

Gas chromatography is typically operated in isothermal mode for optimum separation of a mixture of compounds with a narrow boiling point range, or in temperature-programmed mode, which strives to achieve a compromise between separation efficiency and time. Temperature gradients also keep the peak widths nearly constant over a wide range of retention times, enhancing the detectability of the later eluting peaks. In this chapter, the use of negative thermal gradients for gas chromatography (NTGGC) – for the sake of simplicity, subsequently only denoted as thermal gradient-gas chromatography, TGGC – shall be discussed. (N)TGGC is achieved by producing a stationary temperature gradient along the relatively short GC column in a proprietary experimental setup that allows cooling on one end of the column and heating on the other. The sample is injected into the hot end of the GC column, and analytes move towards the colder end of the column. Along their passage through the column, they are focused by the increasingly lower temperature of the stationary phase. This leads to a focusing of the peaks as they reach the cold column end. With appropriate temperature programming, very fast (sub-minute) chromatography with excellent resolution can be achieved on short GC columns. The present contribution will both discuss the theory behind this unusual, but highly performant mode of gas chromatographic separation, and also the hardware aspects of this technique. Relevant examples will be presented which highlight both the speed and the separation power by which (N)TGGC excels in comparison with regular temperature-programmed GC

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other organic pollutants in freshwaters on the western shore of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Maritime Antarctica)

Organic contamination in freshwater samples has never been investigated at the western shore of Admiralty Bay. Therefore, the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in five different sites distributed along a shore running from the Arctowski Station to the Baranowski Glacier was studied. Moreover, organic compounds such as n-alkanes, toluene and ethylbenzene were also noted. Increased ΣPAHs in late Austral summer 2016 are the result of long-range atmospheric transport of air masses from South America, confirmed by 10-day backward air mass trajectories analysis. The presence of n-alkanes and other hydrocarbons, as well as the evaluation of PAH indices (e.g. ΣLMW/ΣHMW* > 1), shows the use of fuel and indicate local human activity. As a final conclusion, our analysis indicates a mixed origin of PAHs (global and local). The presence of PAHs and other hydrocarbons in the water environment may constitute a potentially negative effect on the Antarctic ecosystem and it should be investigated in detail during further research (//*ΣLMW—sum of low molecular weight PAHs (two- and three-ring PAHs); ΣHMW—sum of high molecular weight PAHs (four- and five-ring PAHs)//)

Reimagining the Juvenile Detention System

This group proposed to improve the juvenile detention system through policy as well as through change in the design of detention centers. Team members agreed to redesign the system in order to avoid dehumanizing adolescents and to introduce them to a new kind of community environment. The design of the prison will be based on a set of concentric circles. The inner circle will be the most restrictive in terms of freedoms and privileges. As the adolescent gains skills and trust, they move from the inner circle to the outer circles. The outer circles allow for more freedom and trust, physically demonstrated through the opening of the prison space into individual houses. With this increased trust and freedom, adolescents will also take on more responsibilities and become effective members of the prison community–working in the community garden for example

Measurement of the Branching Fraction for B- --> D0 K*-

We present a measurement of the branching fraction for the decay B- --> D0 K*- using a sample of approximately 86 million BBbar pairs collected by the BaBar detector from e+e- collisions near the Y(4S) resonance. The D0 is detected through its decays to K- pi+, K- pi+ pi0 and K- pi+ pi- pi+, and the K*- through its decay to K0S pi-. We measure the branching fraction to be B.F.(B- --> D0 K*-)= (6.3 +/- 0.7(stat.) +/- 0.5(syst.)) x 10^{-4}.Comment: 7 pages, 1 postscript figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. D (Rapid Communications

Imminent brain death: point of departure for potential heart-beating organ donor recognition

Contains fulltext : 88186.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)PURPOSE: There is, in European countries that conduct medical chart review of intensive care unit (ICU) deaths, no consensus on uniform criteria for defining a potential organ donor. Although the term is increasingly being used in recent literature, it is seldom defined in detail. We searched for criteria for determination of imminent brain death, which can be seen as a precursor for organ donation. METHODS: We organized meetings with representatives from the field of clinical neurology, neurotraumatology, intensive care medicine, transplantation medicine, clinical intensive care ethics, and organ procurement management. During these meetings, all possible criteria were discussed to identify a patient with a reasonable probability to become brain dead (imminent brain death). We focused on the practical usefulness of two validated coma scales (Glasgow Coma Scale and the FOUR Score), brain stem reflexes and respiration to define imminent brain death. Further we discussed criteria to determine irreversibility and futility in acute neurological conditions. RESULTS: A patient who fulfills the definition of imminent brain death is a mechanically ventilated deeply comatose patient, admitted to an ICU, with irreversible catastrophic brain damage of known origin. A condition of imminent brain death requires either a Glasgow Coma Score of 3 and the progressive absence of at least three out of six brain stem reflexes or a FOUR score of E(0)M(0)B(0)R(0). CONCLUSION: The definition of imminent brain death can be used as a point of departure for potential heart-beating organ donor recognition on the intensive care unit or retrospective medical chart analysis.1 september 201