Prevalence and morphometric features of fossa navicularis on cone beam computed tomography in Turkish population

Background: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and morphometric features of fossa navicularis, a close radiographic anatomic variation of canalis basilaris medianus of the basiocciput, in a Turkish population, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 723 patients (female: 420, male: 303) having CBCT scans. The patients had no syndromes, history of neurological diseases or surgery in the area of interest. On the images that revealed a fossa navicularis, the depth, length, and width measurements were performed, and were compared to the age and gender of the patients. The shape and number of fossa navicularis were also recorded. Results: Fossa navicularis was identified in 48 (6.6%) patients. Among these patients, 19 were female (4.5% of all female patients), whereas 29 were male (9.6% of all male patients), and their age ranged between 10 and 68 years (mean age: 34.0 ± 18.7). No significant difference was found between genders and age groups in terms of depth, length, and width measurements (p > 0.05). In 39 (5.4%) patients, fossa navicularis presented oval in shape. Conclusions: Even though the prevalence of fossa navicularis was found to be higher than previously reported, it still seems to be rare. Anatomical structure of the fossa navicularis can be studied effectively on CBCT images

Role of estrogen related receptor beta (ESRRB) in DFN35B hearing impairment and dental decay

BACKGROUND: Congenital forms of hearing impairment can be caused by mutations in the estrogen related receptor beta (ESRRB) gene. Our initial linkage studies suggested the ESRRB locus is linked to high caries experience in humans. METHODS: We tested for association between the ESRRB locus and dental caries in 1,731 subjects, if ESRRB was expressed in whole saliva, if ESRRB was associated with the microhardness of the dental enamel, and if ESRRB was expressed during enamel development of mice. RESULTS: Two families with recessive ESRRB mutations and DFNB35 hearing impairment showed more extensive dental destruction by caries. Expression levels of ESRRB in whole saliva samples showed differences depending on sex and dental caries experience. CONCLUSIONS: The common etiology of dental caries and hearing impairment provides a venue to assist in the identification of individuals at risk to either condition and provides options for the development of new caries prevention strategies, if the associated ESRRB genetic variants are correlated with efficacy.Fil: Weber, Megan L.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Hsin, Hong Yuan. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Kalay, Ersan. Karadeniz Technical University; TurquíaFil: Brožková, Dana Š. Charles University; República Checa. University Hospital Motol; República ChecaFil: Shimizu, Takehiko. Nihon University. School of Dentistry; JapónFil: Bayram, Merve. Medipol Istanbul University; TurquíaFil: Deeley, Kathleen. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Küchler, Erika C.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Forella, Jessalyn. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Ruff, Timothy D.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Trombetta, Vanessa M.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Sencak, Regina C.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Hummel, Michael. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Briseño Ruiz, Jessica. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Revu, Shankar K.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Granjeiro, José M.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Antunes, Leonardo S.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Antunes, Livia A.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Abreu, Fernanda V.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Costabel, Marcelo C.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Tannure, Patricia N.. Veiga de Almeida University; Brasil. Salgado de Oliveira University; BrasilFil: Koruyucu, Mine. Istanbul University; TurquíaFil: Patir, Asli. Medipol Istanbul University; TurquíaFil: Poletta, Fernando Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mereb, Juan C.. Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas; ArgentinaFil: Castilla, Eduardo Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Orioli, Iêda M.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Marazita, Mary L.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Ouyang, Hongjiao. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Jayaraman, Thottala. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Seymen, Figen. Istanbul University; TurquíaFil: Vieira, Alexandre R.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unido

Rectus sheath hematoma: three case reports

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Rectus sheath hematoma is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain. It is an accumulation of blood in the sheath of the rectus abdominis, secondary to rupture of an epigastric vessel or muscle tear. It could occur spontaneously or after trauma. They are usually located infraumblically and often misdiagnosed as acute abdomen, inflammatory diseases or tumours of the abdomen.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We reported three cases of rectus sheath hematoma presenting with a mass in the abdomen and diagnosed by computerized tomography. The patients recovered uneventfully after bed rest, intravenous fluid replacement, blood transfusion and analgesic treatment.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Rectus sheath hematoma is a rarely seen pathology often misdiagnosed as acute abdomen that may lead to unnecessary laparotomies. Computerized tomography must be chosen for definitive diagnosis since ultrasonography is subject to error due to misinterpretation of the images. Main therapy is conservative management.</p

High discontinuation rate of azathioprine in autoimmune hepatitis, independent of time of treatment initiation

Contains fulltext : 225262.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Guidelines regarding treatment for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) favour two strategies for azathioprine (AZA) introduction: concurrent with steroids at induction or delayed by 2-4 weeks. The safety and efficacy of both strategies have been unexplored. METHODS: We established a cohort of 900 AIH patients from 12 centres in 7 European countries. There were 631 patients who used AZA as part of the therapeutic regimen. We distinguished two groups: patients with early AZA (<2 weeks) or delayed AZA initiation (≥2 weeks). Primary outcome was discontinuation of AZA in the first year of treatment. Cox regression and propensity score matching was performed to determine difference in outcomes between groups. RESULTS: Patients with early AZA initiation had significantly lower transaminases and bilirubin at baseline. Discontinuation rates of AZA did not differ between early and delayed starters (16.6% vs 14.2%), which did not reach statistical significance (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.61-1.55, P = .90). Stratification according to baseline disease activity or propensity score matching did not alter the results. Main reason for AZA discontinuation was intolerance to treatment (14.0% vs 13.2%, P = .78) with nausea and vomiting as main side effects. AIH remission rates were comparable among groups. CONCLUSION: The discontinuation rate of AZA in AIH treatment is ~15% in the first year of treatment. Early or delayed AZA initiation does not differ in remission and discontinuation rates in AIH induction therapy. Our data suggest that either strategy may be used as part of AIH treatment

Decreased glutathione levels and impaired antioxidant enzyme activities in drug-naive first-episode schizophrenic patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to determine glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in the drug-naive first-episode patients with schizophrenia in comparison with healthy control subjects.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>It was a case-controlled study carried on twenty-three patients (20 men and 3 women, mean age = 29.3 ± 7.5 years) recruited in their first-episode of schizophrenia and 40 healthy control subjects (36 men and 9 women, mean age = 29.6 ± 6.2 years). In patients, the blood samples were obtained prior to the initiation of neuroleptic treatments. Glutathione levels: total glutathione (GSHt), reduced glutathione (GSHr) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and antioxidant enzyme activities: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) were determined by spectrophotometry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>GSHt and reduced GSHr were significantly lower in patients than in controls, whereas GSSG was significantly higher in patients. GPx activity was significantly higher in patients compared to control subjects. CAT activity was significantly lower in patients, whereas the SOD activity was comparable to that of controls.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is a report of decreased plasma levels of GSHt and GSHr, and impaired antioxidant enzyme activities in drug-naive first-episode patients with schizophrenia. The GSH deficit seems to be implicated in psychosis, and may be an important indirect biomarker of oxidative stress in schizophrenia early in the course of illness. Finally, our results provide support for further studies of the possible role of antioxidants as neuroprotective therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia from early stages.</p

ALT ÇENE TAM DİŞSİZLİK OLGULARINDA ANTERİOR BÖLGEYE YERLEŞTİRİLEN İMPLANTLAR ÜZERİNE UYGULANAN FARKLI PROTEZ TASARIMLARININ İN VİTRO OLARAK KUVVET DAĞILIMI YÖNÜNDEN İNCELENMESİ

Amaç: Maksiler ve mandibuler posterior bölgelerdeki sınırlamalar nedeniyle ancak anterior bölgede uygulanabilen implantlardan destek alınarak yapılan sabit protezlere hassas tutucularla bağlanan posterior hareketli bölümlü protezlerin kombine protezler , implantlar ve kemikte oluşturdukları stresleri, sonlu elemanlar stres analiz yöntemi kullanılarak top başlı ve bar tutuculu overdenture tarzı protezlerle karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tam dişsiz mandibulada dört adet implant üzerine yapılan implant üstü sabit bir proteze hassas tutucularla bağlanan posterior hareketli bölümlü protez, top başlı ve bar ataçmanlı overdenture tarzı protez olmak üzere üç adet modeller üç boyutlu olarak tasarlanmış ve her bir modele 1. molar dişin merkezinden 100 N vertikal ve 100 N oblik kuvvet uygulanmıştır. Oluşan stresler, sonlu elemanlar stres analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bulgular: İmplant üstü sabit bir proteze hassas tutucularla bağlanan posterior hareketli bölümlü protezde, top başlı ve bar tutuculu protezlere göre, implant ve peri-implant kemikte stresler daha yüksek, mukoza altındaki kortikal kemikte ise stresler daha düşük bulunmuştur. Aradaki farklar MPa cinsinden değerlendirildiğinde oldukça düşüktür. Sonuç: Anterior implant üstü sabit bir proteze hassas tutucularla bağlanan posterior hareketli bölümlü protez tasarımının, özellikle anterior bölgede kemik rezorpsiyonunun fazla olmadığı ve posterior bölgede ise bıçak sırtı kretlere sahip hastalarda top başlı ve bar tutuculu overdenture protezlere iyi bir alternatif tedavi seçeneği olarak kullanabileceği söylenebili