Phenolic content and biological activities of Lycium barbarum L (Solanaceae) fruits (Goji berries) cultivated in Konya, Turkey

Purpose: To evaluate the phenolic content and biological activities of Lycium barbarum fruits cultivated in Turkey.Methods: Phenolic compounds in the water and methanol extracts of the fruits were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radical scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the fruits. The  acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of the fruits was evaluated by Ellman assay.Results: LC-MS/MS results showed that all the extracts contained phenolic compounds including flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and  polyphenols. Some anthocyanins, namely, cyanidin-3-Oglucoside, cyanidin chloride, pelargonin chloride, pelargonidin chloride, and pelargonidin-3-0-glucoside were identified in the fruits for the first time. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the main anthocyanins in the water extract with levels of 119.60 ± 12.04 and 1112.25 ± 125.40 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that the extracts possessed good radical scavenging and ferric-reducing activities.Conclusion: The results show that Lycium barbarum cultivated in Konya is a good source of the phenolic compounds, and thus may be exploited for commercial production of the antioxidants.Keywords: Lycium barbarum, Goji berries, Antioxidant activity, Acetylcholinesterase, Flavonoid

HYPERICUM PERFORATUM IMPROVE MEMORY AND LEARNING IN ALZHEIMER'S MODEL: (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN MICE)

Objective: The aim of this study, we based on protective and antioxidant efficiency of Hypericum perforatum that shows a wide range of beneficial effect in vitro and in vivo.Methods: The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed by using several antioxidant tests. The cytotoxic activity of Hypericum perforatum was also determined by using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide viability assay on ordinary used cell lines. In vivo experiments in Swiss mice were determined by performing behavioral, memory tests and histological study. According to tests results, H. perforatum may be relevant to the treatment of cognitive disorders.Results: The results of chemical analysis showed a hight level of hyperforin and quercitin that had an important antioxidant activity proved in vitro with the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Anti-lactoperoxidase and superoxide dismutases; this antioxidant activity was confirmed in vivo after the non-toxic results by means of improvement in behavioral and memory than the reducing shrunken in pyramidal cells of mice brains.Conclusion: The present study suggests that Hypericum perforatum modulate the oxidative stress and be involved in the protective effect against oxidative damage and neurodegenerative diseases in mice

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Antimicrobial activities of five endemic Hypericum species from Anatolia compared with Hypericum perforatum

Different crude extracts of some endemic Hypericum species (H. thymbrifolium, H. spectabile, H. pseudolaeve, H. neurocalycinum, H. malatyanum) and H. perforatum were analyzed using a microdilution assay for antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms. It is observed that all extracts showed activity against tested Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Meticillin resistant S. aureus and Streptococcus epidermidis). The most active extracts were from H. neurocalycinum and H. malatyanum which showed potent activity with lowest MIC (4.8 mu g/mL) value against more tested Gram positive bacteria. Additionally, it was also found that some extracts of H. spectabile and H. pseudolaeve had antifungal activities against C. albicans. These endemic species were evaluated for antimicrobial activity for the first time in the literature

In vivo antiinflammatory activity and chemical composition of Hypericum scabroides

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the methanolic extracts of aerial parts of Hypericum scabroides (HSM) (200 mg/kg, p.o.) for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.MethodsThe anti-inflammatory activity of HSM was tested in mice weighting (25±5) g. Either vehicle (control group), the methanolic extracts (200 mg/kg) or diclofenac (50 mg/kg), was administered (p.o.) for 60 min before an edema was induced in the mice paw by subcutaneous injection of carrageenin. The mouse-paw volume was measured 1 h, 3h and 6 h after injection of carrageenin.ResultsThe HSM showed significant reduction of edema in carrageenan induced mice paw edema model at 1 h and 3 h for (78.03±15.54)% and (40.44±16.36)%, respectively. The diclofenac 50 mg/kg exhibited % reduction in paw volume (31.00±11.52)%, (0.80±0.09)% and (9.39±1.99)% after 1 h, 3 h and 6 h, respectively compared to control group. The obtained results revealed that HSM has significant anti inflammatory activity. Furethermore, the chemical composition of HSM was analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography–diode array dedector. The plant contained pseudohypericin (trace) hypericin (trace), chlorogenic acid (0.014 0±0.000 5)%, rutin (0.005 0±0.000 6)%, hyperoside (0.016±0.005)%, isoquercitrin (0.034 0±0.000 5)% and kaempferol (trace).ConclusionsThe obtained results of the present investigation revealed that methanol extract of Hypericum scarbroides has significant anti-inflammatory activity

In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of Muscari neglectum growing in Turkey

Muscari species have been used as antirheumatic, stomachic, diuretic, expectorant and anti verruca in folk medicine. The species have also been used as food for humans and animals in Turkey. In this study, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of different extracts obtained from Muscari neglectum were studied. The antioxidant capacities of the extracts were evaluated with DPPH free radical scavenging activity, metal chelating capacity and ABTS cation radical scavenging capacity assays. The cytotoxic potentials of the extracts were determined by MTT and LDH assays on HeLa-cells (human cancer cell line) and NRK-52E-cells (rat kidney cell line). The aqueous extracts from M. neglectum bulbs (IC50 : 2.83 +/- 0.54 mg/mL) and herba (IC 50 : 8.52 +/- 1.3 mg/mL) exhibited stronger DPPH free radical scavenging activity than other extracts, respectively. The ethanol extract from M. neglectum bulbs showed the highest ABTS (27.88 %) cation radical scavenging activity. According to the metal chelating activity test results, the aqueous extracts from M. neglectum herba and bulbs showed the strongest metal chelating activity (28.99% and 28.07%, respectively)