The Victorian Newsletter (Fall 1966)

The Victorian Newsletter is edited for the English X Group of the Modern Language Association by William E. Buckler, New York University, New York, N.Y. 10003.Nonfiction as Art / George Levine -- Gerard Manley Hopkins and the "Stanching, Quenching Ocean of a Motionable Mind" / Howard W. Fulweiler -- "The Primaeval Fountain of Human Nature": Mill, Carlyle, and the French Revolution / Henry Ebel -- Imagery as Structure in Jane Eyre / Donald H. Ericksen -- A Brief Inquiry into the Morality of Amelia in Vanity Fair / Neal B. Houston -- Hetty Sorrel, the Forlorn Maiden / Thomas G. Burton -- A Note on the Ruskin-Blackwood's Controversy / Kenneth W. Davis -- Recent Publications: A Selected List / Arthur F. Minerof -- English X New

Antimicrobial protein and Peptide concentrations and activity in human breast milk consumed by preterm infants at risk of late-onset neonatal sepsis

Objective: We investigated the levels and antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) in breast milk consumed by preterm infants, and whether deficiencies of these factors were associated with late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS), a bacterial infection that frequently occurs in preterm infants in the neonatal period. Study design: Breast milk from mothers of preterm infants (≤32 weeks gestation) was collected on days 7 (n = 88) and 21 (n = 77) postpartum. Concentrations of lactoferrin, LL-37, beta-defensins 1 and 2, and alpha-defensin 5 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The antimicrobial activity of breast milk samples against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae was compared to the activity of infant formula, alone or supplemented with physiological levels of AMPs. Samples of breast milk fed to infants with and without subsequent LOS were compared for levels of AMPs and inhibition of bacterial growth. Results: Levels of most AMPs and antibacterial activity in preterm breast milk were higher at day 7 than at day 21. Lactoferrin was the only AMP that limited pathogen growth >50% when added to formula at a concentration equivalent to that present in breast milk. Levels of AMPs were similar in the breast milk fed to infants with and without LOS, however, infants who developed LOS consumed significantly less breast milk and lower doses of milk AMPs than those who were free from LOS. Conclusions: The concentrations of lactoferrin and defensins in preterm breast milk have antimicrobial activity against common neonatal pathogens

Cationic Host Defence Peptides:Potential as Antiviral Therapeutics

There is a pressing need to develop new antiviral treatments; of the 60 drugs currently available, half are aimed at HIV-1 and the remainder target only a further six viruses. This demand has led to the emergence of possible peptide therapies, with 15 currently in clinical trials. Advancements in understanding the antiviral potential of naturally occurring host defence peptides highlights the potential of a whole new class of molecules to be considered as antiviral therapeutics. Cationic host defence peptides, such as defensins and cathelicidins, are important components of innate immunity with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory capabilities. In recent years they have also been shown to be natural, broad-spectrum antivirals against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, including HIV-1, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and herpes simplex virus. Here we review the antiviral properties of several families of these host peptides and their potential to inform the design of novel therapeutics

China's Agricultural Statistics and Planning

Contents: Chapter One: Executive Summary; Chapter Two: Introduction -- Background Information -- Team Members-- Team Assignment -- What Took Place; Chapter Three: China's Agricultural Statistics –- Introduction -- Comprehensive Surveys -- Non-comprehensive surveys -- Comments and Recommendations; Chapter Four: China's Agricultural Policy, Planning and Management -- Introduction -- State Planning and Management -- Provincial Planning and Management --Prefecture Planning and Management -- County Planning and Management -- Commune Planning and Management -- State Farm Planning and Management -- Comments and Recommendations; Chapter Five: China's Agricultural Extension, Research and Education -- National Program -- Provincial Program -- County Program -- Commune Program -- Production Brigade and Team Program -- Lian Lake State Farm Program -- Extension Methodology -- Comments and Recommendations; References -- Appendix A - Itinerary -- Appendix B -Statistical Tables -- Appendix C - China’s 1980 Annual Report on Agriculture and Industrial Production