Effect of external stress on the Fe–Cr phase separation in 15-5 PH and Fe–15Cr–5Ni alloys

The effect on Fe–Cr phase separation of a uniaxial stress during thermal ageing at 4251C is investigated on a Fe–15Cr–5Ni steel, a model alloy of commercial 15-5 PH steel. The applied stress is shown to accelerate the ageing kinetics, and influence the morphology of Cr rich domains. A dependence of the phase separation decomposition kinetics on the relative orientations of the load and the crystal local orientation has also been observed

Human evolution in Siberia: from frozen bodies to ancient DNA

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Yakuts contrast strikingly with other populations from Siberia due to their cattle- and horse-breeding economy as well as their Turkic language. On the basis of ethnological and linguistic criteria as well as population genetic studies, it has been assumed that they originated from South Siberian populations. However, many questions regarding the origins of this intriguing population still need to be clarified (e.g. the precise origin of paternal lineages and the admixture rate with indigenous populations). This study attempts to better understand the origins of the Yakuts by performing genetic analyses on 58 mummified frozen bodies dated from the 15^thto the 19^thcentury, excavated from Yakutia (Eastern Siberia).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>High quality data were obtained for the autosomal STRs, Y-chromosomal STRs and SNPs and mtDNA due to exceptional sample preservation. A comparison with the same markers on seven museum specimens excavated 3 to 15 years ago showed significant differences in DNA quantity and quality. Direct access to ancient genetic data from these molecular markers combined with the archaeological evidence, demographical studies and comparisons with 166 contemporary individuals from the same location as the frozen bodies helped us to clarify the microevolution of this intriguing population.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We were able to trace the origins of the male lineages to a small group of horse-riders from the Cis-Baïkal area. Furthermore, mtDNA data showed that intermarriages between the first settlers with Evenks women led to the establishment of genetic characteristics during the 15^thcentury that are still observed today.</p

Data series subtraction with unknown and unmodeled background noise

LISA Pathfinder (LPF), ESA's precursor mission to a gravitational wave observatory, will measure the degree to which two test-masses can be put into free-fall, aiming to demonstrate a residual relative acceleration with a power spectral density (PSD) below 30 fm/s$^2$/Hz$^{1/2}$ around 1 mHz. In LPF data analysis, the measured relative acceleration data series must be fit to other various measured time series data. This fitting is required in different experiments, from system identification of the test mass and satellite dynamics to the subtraction of noise contributions from measured known disturbances. In all cases, the background noise, described by the PSD of the fit residuals, is expected to be coloured, requiring that we perform such fits in the frequency domain. This PSD is unknown {\it a priori}, and a high accuracy estimate of this residual acceleration noise is an essential output of our analysis. In this paper we present a fitting method based on Bayesian parameter estimation with an unknown frequency-dependent background noise. The method uses noise marginalisation in connection with averaged Welch's periodograms to achieve unbiased parameter estimation, together with a consistent, non-parametric estimate of the residual PSD. Additionally, we find that the method is equivalent to some implementations of iteratively re-weighted least-squares fitting. We have tested the method both on simulated data of known PSD, and to analyze differential acceleration from several experiments with the LISA Pathfinder end-to-end mission simulator.Comment: To appear Phys. Rev. D90 August 201

Kyleo® - Ein neues Breitbandherbizid für den Einsatz auf der Stoppel

Kyleo® ist eine Coformulierung auf der Basis von 160 g/l 2,4-D (als Säure) und 240 g/l Glyphosat (MIPA Salz), die sich durch eine besonders schnelle und tiefgreifende Wirkung gegen perennierende Unkräuter, Ausfallraps und Ausfallgetreide auszeichnet. Mit 2,4-D als synthetischem Auxin und Glyphosat als EPSP Synthase-Hemmer werden zwei komplementäre Wirkstoffe aus unterschiedlichen Gruppen von Wirkungsmechanismen kombiniert. Die innovative Fertigformulierung mit 200 g/l Cocoalcylamin (FHS) ermöglicht trotz extrem unterschiedlicher pH-Ansprüche der Einzelwirkstoffe eine Kombination ohne Wirkungsverlust im Gegensatz zur Tankmischung.Generell zeigt Kyleo eine im Vergleich zu reinen Glyphosat-Formulierungen stark erhöhte Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit. Die Wirkung auf dikotyle Unkräuter in größeren Entwicklungsstadien wird durch die Kombination der beiden Wirkstoffe verbessert. Ausfallraps im 8-10 Blattstadium wird bereits mit 3 l/ha sicher erfasst, Ausfallgetreide ebenso. Auf Ausfallerbsen und -bohnen kann mit Hilfe der Coformulierung eine erheblich bessere Wirkung als mit den Soloprodukten und eine synergistische Wirkung gegenüber der Tankmischung erreicht werden. Auf Ackerkratzdistel (Cirsium arvense) wurde mit 3 l/ha eine 95 %ige Wirkung erzielt. Gegen den Ackerschachtelhalm (Equisetum arvense) werden vier Wochen nach der Anwendung Wirkungsgrade von 82 % mit 3 l/ha und 92 % mit 5 l/ha erreicht. Die Ackerwinde (Convolvulus arvense) wird mit 3 l/ha zu 88 %, mit 5 l/ha zu 100 % erfasst. Gegen die Quecke (Agropyron repens) wird mit 5 l/ha Kyleo ein Wirkungsgrad von 96 % erreicht.Durch sein breites Wirkungsspektrum und insbesondere die gute Wirkung gegen perennierende Arten, eignet sich Kyleo sehr gut für den Einsatz in Anbausystemen mit Minimalbodenbearbeitung, aber auch auf Gleisen, im Obstbau oder zur Grünlanderneuerung.Stichwörter: Ausfallgetreide, Ausfallraps, Breitbandherbizid, 2,4-D, Glyphosat, Kyleo, perennierende Unkräuter, Stoppel, WirkungsgeschwindigkeitKyleo® - A new broad spectrum herbicide for use on stubblesKyleo® is a coformulation of 160 g/l 2,4-D (as acid) and 240 g/l glyphosate (as MIPA salt), with rapid action and excellent efficacy against volunteer oilseed rape, cereals and perennial weeds. Two complementary active ingredients with different MOA are combined in an innovative coformulation using 200 g/l cocoalcylamin (adjuvant) to handle the extremely different ph requirements of the actives, avoiding a loss of efficacy that often appears using the tankmix of both.Volunteer oilseed rape at 8-10 leaf stage is controlled already with 3 l/ha, volunteer cereals as well. The efficacy against volunteer beans and peas is improved significantly versus the use of the actives and a synergistic effect can be observed compared to the tankmix of both. At 3 l/ha respectively 5 l/ha the control levels against Equisetum arvense reached 82 % and 95 %, against Convolvulus arvense 88 % respectively 100 % and against Agropyron repens 96 % with 5 l/ha.With its broad spectrum and the good efficacy against perennial weeds, Kyleo is an excellent option for for minimum tillage systems as well as for the use on railways, in orchards and for grassland renewal. Keywords: Broad spectrum, 2,4-D, glyphosate, herbicide, Kyleo, perennial weeds, rapid action, stubble, volunteer crop

Studying the Boundary Layer Late Afternoon nd Sunset Turbulence (BLLAST)

At the end of the afternoon, when the surface heat fluxes start to sharply decrease, the CBL turns from a convective well-mixed layer to an intermittently turbulent residual layer overlying a stably-stratified boundary layer. This transition raises several observational and modeling issues. Even the definition of the boundary layer during this period is fuzzy, since there is no consensus on what criteria to use and no simple scaling laws to apply. Yet it plays an important role in such diverse atmospheric phenomena as transport and diffusion of trace constituents or wind energy production. This phase of the diurnal cycle remains largely unexplored, partly due to the difficulty of measuring weak and intermittent turbulence, anisotropy, horizontal heterogeneity, and rapid time changes. The Boundary Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence (BLLAST) project is gathering about thirty research scientists from the European Union and the United States to work on this issue. A field campaign (BLLAST-FE) is planned for spring or summer 2011 in Europe. BLLAST will utilize these observations, as well as previous datasets, large-eddy and direct numerical simulations, and mesoscale modeling to better understand the processes, suggest new parameterizations, and evaluate forecast models during this transitional period. We will present the issues raised by the late afternoon transition and our strategy to study it.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Fatal Disseminated Acanthamoeba lenticulata Acanthamebiasis in a Heart Transplant Patient

We report a fatal case of disseminated acanthamebiasis caused by Acanthamoeba lenticulata (genotype T5) in a 39-year-old heart transplant recipient. The diagnosis was based on skin histopathologic results and confirmed by isolation of the ameba from involved skin and molecular analysis of a partial 18S rRNA gene sequence (DF3)

Dreams and nightmares of liberal international law: capitalist accumulation, natural rights and state hegemony

This article develops a line of theorising the relationship between peace, war and commerce and does so via conceptualising global juridical relations as a site of contestation over questions of economic and social justice. By sketching aspects of a historical interaction between capitalist accumulation, natural rights and state hegemony, the article offers a critical account of the limits of liberal international law, and attempts to recover some ground for thinking about the emancipatory potential of international law more generally

The BLLAST field experiment: Boundary-Layer late afternoon and sunset turbulence

Due to the major role of the sun in heating the earth's surface, the atmospheric planetary boundary layer over land is inherently marked by a diurnal cycle. The afternoon transition, the period of the day that connects the daytime dry convective boundary layer to the night-time stable boundary layer, still has a number of unanswered scientific questions. This phase of the diurnal cycle is challenging from both modelling and observational perspectives: it is transitory, most of the forcings are small or null and the turbulence regime changes from fully convective, close to homogeneous and isotropic, toward a more heterogeneous and intermittent state. These issues motivated the BLLAST (Boundary-Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence) field campaign that was conducted from 14 June to 8 July 2011 in southern France, in an area of complex and heterogeneous terrain. A wide range of instrumented platforms including full-size aircraft, remotely piloted aircraft systems, remote-sensing instruments, radiosoundings, tethered balloons, surface flux stations and various meteorological towers were deployed over different surface types. The boundary layer, from the earth's surface to the free troposphere, was probed during the entire day, with a focus and intense observation periods that were conducted from midday until sunset. The BLLAST field campaign also provided an opportunity to test innovative measurement systems, such as new miniaturized sensors, and a new technique for frequent radiosoundings of the low troposphere. Twelve fair weather days displaying various meteorological conditions were extensively documented during the field experiment. The boundary-layer growth varied from one day to another depending on many contributions including stability, advection, subsidence, the state of the previous day's residual layer, as well as local, meso- or synoptic scale conditions. Ground-based measurements combined with tethered-balloon and airborne observations captured the turbulence decay from the surface throughout the whole boundary layer and documented the evolution of the turbulence characteristic length scales during the transition period. Closely integrated with the field experiment, numerical studies are now underway with a complete hierarchy of models to support the data interpretation and improve the model representations.publishedVersio