Turkish foreign policy towards the Cyprus crises of 1964, 1967, and 1974 : A poliheuristic perspective

Ankara : The Department of International Relations İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, 2014.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2014.Includes bibliographical references leaves 151-158.This thesis analyzes Turkish foreign policy towards Cyprus crises of 1964, 1967, and 1974. It summarizes the Cyprus question in the 20th Century. The thesis examines the Cyprus crises and Turkey’s ultimate decisions in each crisis by ‘poliheuristic’ decision making model. The decision making processes of Turkish leaders will be analyzed. By comparing the crises, this thesis studies how Turkish decision makers decided to use force in 1974, whereas refrained from using force against Cyprus in the previous crises of 1964 and 1967. The thesis argues that during each Cyprus crisis, Turkish decision makers framed some of the policy options as ‘noncompensatory’ which resulted in the decision not to intervene in Cyprus during the 1964 and 1967 crises, and resulted in the intervention decision during the 1974 crisis.Erciyas, OkhanM.S

Adjunct Use of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Treatment of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis: A Case Report

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is a microbial disease of the gingiva in the context of an impaired host response. This form of gingivitis is relatively rare. NUG is an infection characterized by gingival necrosis presenting as “punched-out” papillae, spontaneous bleeding, pain, oral malodor, and pseudomembrane formation. The primary predisposing factors are bacterial plaque and an inadequate diet, but smoking and psychological stress may also affect the disease severity. NUG is associated with a characteristic bacterial flora, which includes fusiform bacteria, spirochetes, and Prevotella intermedia. Conventional treatment includes control of both the bacterial plaque and the secondary factors, as well as topical or systemic treatment biostimulative effect on wound healing, pain control, and inflammatory processes. Patients with NUG were treated using adjunct use of a diode laser (980 nm) for the control of pain and to accelerate the wound healing at day 2. 3. 5. 9, energy density was 9 J/cm2. After treatment, the patients’ quality of life improved faster than with conventional treatment. These results suggest that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is an effective treatment for the reduction of pain levels and healing times. As a result, our case report shows that LLTT has a positive effect in relieving the symptoms of NUG

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms associated with periodontal diseases in Turkish adults

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) is involved in key steps of immune response. Genetic factors predispose individuals to periodontal disease. This study's aim was to explore the association between NOS3 gene polymorphisms and clinical parameters in patients with periodontal disease. Genomic DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood of 23 subjects with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), 26 with chronic periodontitis (CP), 31 with gingivitis (G) and 50 healthy controls. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded as clinical parameters. We genotyped NOS3 polymorphisms using the PCR and/or PCR-RFLP method. Genotype frequencies differed significantly among periodontal diseases and controls for these polymorphisms. A significant association was detected between NOS3 +894 polymorphism and PD and CAL in the CP and AgP patient groups; whereas NOS VNTR analysis detected no associations with clinical parameters in theCP and AgP groups. However, a significant association was detected between the AA genotype and both PI and GI in patients with gingivitis; and a significant association was shown between the BB genotype and PI. The present study shows that two common polymorphisms of the NOS3 gene cluster are significantly associated with the occurrence of periodontal diseases

A possible mutualistic interaction between vertebrates: frogs use water buffaloes as a foraging place

Mutualisms shape biodiversity by influencing the ecology and the evolution of populations and communities. For example, among many others, birds commonly forage in association with large mammals, including livestock, but so far no similar relationship has been described for amphibians. In this note we describe the association between the Marsh Frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) and the Anatolian Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Turkey and provide possible explanations for the existence of direct relations between these representatives of two vertebrate classes. We hope that our note stimulates future research on this subject

The distribution, migration phenology and spatial and temporal status of hirundinidae species in Turkey

Bu araştırmada Türkiye’de dağılım gösteren Hirundinidae familyasından yaz göçmeni 5 türün (Riparia riparia, Ptyonoprogne rupestris, Hirundo rustica, Cecropis daurica, Delichon urbicum) dağılım alanları ortaya çıkarılmış, göç fenolojileri ile bölgesel ve zamansal görülme durumları değerlendirilmiştir. Türlere ait gözlem kayıtları KuşBank veri tabanı, kişisel gözlem kayıtları ve farklı kuş araştırmalarından (tez, makale, kitap, rapor, gözlem notları, internet siteleri) elde edilmiştir. Türlerin ilkbahar ve sonbahar göçlerinde farklı tarihlerde görülme durumlarını alansal olarak ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla her bir türe ait gözlem verisi 15 günlük periyotlara ayrılarak dağılım haritaları oluşturulmuştur. R. riparia, H. rustica ve D. urbicum’un dağılımına 15 günlük periyotlarda bakıldığında, dağılım alanlarının tarihe bağlı olarak enlemsel farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak bu farklılık C. daurica ve P. rupestris’de hem veri azlığından hem de P. rupestris’in Akdeniz kıyılarında kışlamasından dolayı belirgin olarak görülmemektedir. R. riparia, H. rustica ve D. urbicum ilkbaharda mart sonuna kadar Akdeniz ve Ege kıyılarında dağılım gösterirken, ilerleyen zamanlarda önce Orta Anadolu, sonrasında da daha kuzeye doğru dağılım göstermektedir, tersi bir durum da sonbahar döneminde gözlenmektedir. Enleme bağlı olarak değişen iklimsel koşulların ve buna bağlı olarak da besin bulunabilirliğinin bu dağılım şeklinde etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.In this study, the distributions, migration phenology and spatial and temporal observation status of 5 summer migrant Hirundinidae species (Riparia riparia, Ptyonoprogne rupestris, Hirundo rustica, Cecropis daurica, Delichon urbicum) in Turkey were evaluated. The observation records of the species were compiled from KuşBank database, personal notes and from published materials (thesis, article, book, report, trip reports and web pages). In order to reveal the species distributions during spring and autumn migration periods temporally, distribution maps were prepared using observation data based on 15 days intervals. The 15 days intervaled distributions of R. riparia, H. rustica and D. urbicum revealed that these species showed latitudinal differences. However, the difference was not clear for C. daurica and P. rupestris because of incomplete data and because P. rupestris winters along Mediterranean coasts. R. riparia, H. rustica and D. urbicum distributed along Mediterranean and Aegean coasts in spring until the end of March, spread later first to Central Anatolia and then to northern areas in Turkey and this pattern reversed in autumn period. The latitudinal climatic differences and the resulting food availability are thought to be the reasons for such a distribution difference

Genetic variation of myeloperoxidase gene contributes to aggressive periodontitis: A preliminary association study in Turkish population

Abstract. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a lysosomal enzyme found in the azurophilic granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It is involved in the defense against periodontal bacteria, and is also able to mediate inflammatory tissue destruction in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to explore the association between MPO-463G/A gene polymorphism and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and chronic periodontitis (CP). The study included 147 subjects. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) were recorded as the clinical parameters. Genomic DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood of 32 subjects with AgP, 25 with CP, and 90 reference controls. We genotyped the MPO-463G/A polymorphism using the PCR-RFLP method. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0 for windows. There were no significant differences between the CP patients and controls regarding MPO-463A/G gene polymorphism either in terms of allele frequency or genotype frequency of MPO-463A/G. However, either in terms of allele frequency or genotype frequency of MPO-463A/G, there were significant differences between the AgP patients and the controls. In conclusion, our data suggest that MPO-463G/A may be associated with increased risk of aggressive periodontitis in Turkish patients

Identification of candidate genes in a family with cancer overload by whole-exome sequencing

Background. Approximately 120 out of every 1 million children in the world develop cancer each year. In Turkey, 2500-3000 children are diagnosed with new cancer each year. The causes of childhood cancer have been studied for many years. It is known that many cancers in children, as in adults, cause uncontrolled cell growth, and develop as a result of mutations in genes that cause cancer. Methods. The investigation of family history within this context in the study, a total of 13 individuals consisting of all children and adults in the family were examined using the whole-exome sequencing (WES) with the individuals who were diagnosed with cancer in the family, who were detected to have different cancer profiles, and defined as high risk and to determine the gene or genes through which the disease has developed. Results. At the end of the study, a total of 30 variants with a pathogenic record in the family were identified. A total of 10 pathogenic variants belonging to 8 different genes from these variants have been associated with various cancer risks. Conclusions. A significant scientific contribution has been made to the mechanism of disease formation by studying a family with a high cancer burden and by finding the genes associated with the disease. In addition, by the results obtained, family members with cancer predisposition were selected after a risk analysis conducted in this family, and the necessary examinations and scans were recommended to provide an early diagnostic advantage. © 2022, Turkish National Pediatric Society. All rights reserved

3-(4-Chloro­benzo­yl)-4-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-1-phenethyl­piperidin-4-ol

In the title compound, C26H25Cl2NO2, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation with a cis configuration of the carbonyl and hy­droxy substituents. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings of the chloro­benzene groups is 24.3 (2)°. The phenyl ring forms dihedral angles of 59.4 (3) and 44.1 (3)° with the benzene rings. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular O—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions into layers parallel to the bc plane

Assessing the effectiveness of the Ramsar Convention in preserving wintering waterbirds in the Mediterranean

lthough biological conservation is based on international agreements, its effectiveness depends on how countries implement such recommendations as effective conservation tools. The Ramsar Convention is the oldest international treaty for wetland and waterbird conservation, establishing the world's largest network of protected areas. However, since it does not constitute any binding measure, its effectiveness in protecting wintering waterbird populations at an international scale has been questioned. Here, we use long-term (1991–2012) count data to assess the effectiveness of the Ramsar Convention in the Mediterranean Basin. We compared abundance and temporal trends of 114 waterbird species between 251 Ramsar wetlands and 3486 non-Ramsar wetlands. We found that the Ramsar network is critical for wintering waterbirds, concentrating nearly half of all waterbirds counted in the Mediterranean Basin in only 7% of monitored wetlands. Waterbird trends followed a northwestsoutheast gradient, with a population decrease in the East. A significant and positive Ramsar effect on population trends was only found for the species of higher conservation concern in the Maghreb, particularly when a management plan was implemented. The Ramsar Convention was previously used on very important wetlands for waterbirds in Southern Europe, but is now an underused conservation tool. Our study suggests weaknesses in the use of Ramsar as an effective conservation tool in most of the Mediterranean Basin. However, the Ramsar Convention effectiveness to enhance waterbird populations in the Maghreb should encourage strengthening the Ramsar Convention. It should be done particularly in countries with limited environmental agreements and by systematic implementation of management plans. Conservation measures International conventions Protected areas Protection status Monitoring WetlandsacceptedVersio