Organisasi Belajar dan Implementasi Kebijakan Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKM)

Penyelenggaraan hutan kemasyarakatan (Hkm) oleh pemerintah dimaksudkan untuk pengembangan kapasitas dan pemberian akses terhadap masyarakat setempat dalam mengelola hutan secara lestari. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai, melalui karakteristik organisasi belajar (Learning Organization), organisasi pelaksana yang terlibat program Hkm dan implementasi kebijakannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, studi dokumen dan cara . Metode analisis dilakukan dengan melihat diskursus, aktor dan kepentingannya mengikuti proses kebijakan. Penelitian dilakukan di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Lampung dan Nusa Tenggara Barat. Responden penelitian adalah individu, kelompok, institusi atau masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemenuhan karakteristik organisasi pembelajar: telah terjadi pada berbagai tingkat pada organisasi HKm yang menjadi sampel. Figur kepemimpinan bersifat kritis agar organisasi belajar dapat terwujud dengan baik. Titik kritis lain dalam perbaikan organisasi sesuai karakteristik organisasi pembelajar adalah dimana pada umumnya terjadinya kesulitan dalam menterjemahkan dan mengamalkan visi misi dari organisasi tersebut. Kebijakan Hkm masih menunjukkan kelemahan implementasi pada institusi pelaksana

The Persistence of Herbicide Residues in Fadama and Upland Soils in Plateau State, Nigeria

Fadama and upland soil in Plateau State, Nigeria were monitored for the residues of five herbicides widely used for farming within the areas under investigation from June 2010 to June 2012. The average concentration in mg/kg of the residues in the soils were; atrazine (0.123), 2,4-D (0.013), paraquat (0.020), oxadiazon (0.100) and pendimethalin (0.020) for fadama soils. While the concentration of the atrazine, 2,4-D, paraquat, oxadiazon and pendimethalin in upland soils were 0.180, 0.023, 0.030, 0.0130 and 0.010 mg/kg respectively, suggesting the herbicide residues persist at considerably high concentration. Physicochemical factors such as pH, Low Organic matter and textural characteristics of the soils were the factors identified to contribute to the persistence of the herbicides. Other factors like microbial activities were also suggested to play significant roles in the degradation or the persistence of the herbicide residues. The distributions of the residues were monitored seasonally over a period of time within the study area. This was sampled for laboratory analysis during the farming seasons covering planting to harvesting time where most of these herbicides and other chemical farm inputs are still believed to be active in the soils within the study area. The herbicides under investigation were observed to persist more in fadama soils which is characterized by high water holding capacity and low organic matter content.   Keywords: Persistence, herbicide residues, fadama, upland, soil

From sick kids to SicKids!

This report outlines the varied activities undertaken by SicKids in Cambodia up to and including the April 2017 visit by Dr Joan Livesley and Professor Andrew Rowland. Both the November 2016 and April 2017 visits were part-funded by a Humanitarian Grant from the British Medical Association. SicKids is a children’s health charity currently working in the North West of England and Cambodia. It believes every child deserves the right to grow up healthy, and safe from abuse, exploitation and trafficking. The charity raises funds and work on projects to support children and young people

Penggunaan Konsep Rules In Use Ostrom dalam Analisis Peraturan Pembentukan Organisasi Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan

Setelah penetapan wilayah KPHL/KPHP oleh Menteri Kehutanan, tahap selanjutnya adalah pembentukan dan operasionalisasi organisasi KPHL/KPHP oleh pemerintah daerah. Pelaksanaan kewajiban tersebut berjalan tersendat dkarenakan terkendala oleh sejumlah hambatan, antara lain oleh peraturan yang kurang memiliki daya dorong dan menyulitkan daerah pada saat implementasinya. Dalam Kerangka Kerja Analisis dan Pengembangan Kelembagaan (IAD-Framework) Ostrom, terdapat konsep 'aturan-aturan yang digunakan (rules in use)' yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis isi peraturan dalam hubungannya dengan struktur situasi aksi yang terbentuk pada saat peraturan diimplementasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas penggunaan konsep 'rules in use' untuk menemukan kelemahan-kelemahan substansial dari peraturan pembentukan organisasi KPHL/KPHP pada tingkat provinsi. Analisis dilakukan terhadap PP No. 6/2007 jo. PP No. 3/2008, Permendagri No. 61/2010, dan PP No. 41/2007, dengan metode analisis substansi peraturan dan umpan Balik dari proses implementasinya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan konsep rules in use Ostrom cukup efektif untuk menemukan kelemahan-kelemahan isi suatu peraturan

Summary of the Very Large Hadron Collider Physics and Detector Workshop

One of the options for an accelerator beyond the LHC is a hadron collider with higher energy. Work is going on to explore accelerator technologies that would make such a machine feasible. This workshop concentrated on the physics and detector issues associated with a hadron collider with an energy in the center of mass of the order of 100 to 200 TeV

Managing Primary Health Care in the South - South Geo Political Zone of Nigeria

Management of Primary Health Care (PHC) is one of the main pillars of a health system through Human Resources. Furthermore, the quality of health services depends to a large extent on the people who manage the services. The paper reviews the role of stakeholders in the management of primary health service provisioning in general and in Primary Health Care in particular, it examines brief historical review of the gradual introduction of new cadres of health managers into the health system in response to perceived health needs, training and deployment of health during the colonial era, establishment of the advance schools for health workers, events at third national development plan and the unfortunate decline of community nursing and community midwifery, etc. It further analyzes factors and challenges of leadership which affect the performance of health managers. It also discussed case studies of proven innovative approaches and best practices in the management of human resources in sub – Saharan Africa and Nigeria. Data used in this paper is derived from secondary sources. An urgent need for a comprehensive database on the Human Resource for Health (HRH) situation in Primary Health Care should be developed. The current Human Resource situation indicates that the availability and distribution of HRH and PHC is far from being adequate. The need to mobilize communities to get them to take ownership of primary health care delivery and its maintenance is important. The morale and motivation of personnel have major implications for their performance. In the case of Human Resource for PHC in Nigeria, data is not easilyavailable and when available tends to be incomplete and/or contradictory. The distribution and availability of HR and PHC is also a major concern in most parts of Nigeria. The poor distribution and inadequate number of the various health personnel required for an effective PHC in Nigeria is compounded by the brain drain, poor motivation among health personnel and inappropriate policies among others

Effects of oxygen on the optical properties of phenyl-based scintillators during irradiation and recovery

Plastic scintillators are a versatile and inexpensive option for particle detection, which is why the largest particle physics experiments, CMS and ATLAS, use them extensively in their calorimeters. One of their challenging aspects, however, is their relatively low radiation hardness, which might be inadequate for very high luminosity future projects like the FCC-hh. In this study, results on the effects of ionizing radiation on the optical properties of plastic scintillator samples are presented. The samples are made from two different matrix materials, polystyrene and polyvinyltoluene, and have been irradiated at dose rates ranging from $2.2\,$Gy/h up to $3.4\,$kGy/h at room temperature. An internal boundary that separates two regions of different indices of refraction is visible in the samples depending on the dose rate, and it is compatible with the expected oxygen penetration depth during irradiation. The dose rate dependence of the oxygen penetration depth for the two matrix materials suggests that the oxygen penetration coefficient differs for PS and PVT. The values of the refractive index for the internal regions are elevated compared to those of the outer regions, which are compatible with the indices of unirradiated samples.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal DOI. 30 pages, 15 figures. Published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section

Integrating reproductive phenology in ecological niche models changed the predicted future ranges of a marine invader

Aim Phenology of a wide diversity of organisms has a dependency on climate, usually with reproductive periods beginning earlier in the year and lasting longer at lower latitudes. Temperature and day length are known environmental drivers of the reproductive timing of many species. Hence, reproductive phenology is sensitive to warming and is important to be considered for reliable predictions of species distributions. This is particularly relevant for rapidly spreading non-indigenous species (NIS). In this study, we forecast the future ranges of a NIS, the seaweed Sargassum muticum, including its reproductive phenology. Location Coastal areas of the Northern Hemisphere (Pacific and Atlantic oceans). Methods We used ecological niche modelling to predict the distribution of S. muticum under two scenarios forecasting limited (RCP 2.6) and severe (RCP 8.5) future climate changes. We then refined our predictions with a hybrid model using sea surface temperature constraints on reproductive phenology. Results Under the most severe climate change scenario, we predicted northward expansions which may have significant ecological consequences for subarctic coastal ecosystems. However, in lower latitudes, habitats currently occupied by S. muticum will no longer be suitable, creating opportunities for substantial community changes. The temperature constraints imposed by the reproductive window were shown to restrict the modelled future species expansion strongly. Under the RCP 8.5 scenario, the total range area was expected to increase by 61.75% by 2100, but only by 1.63% when the reproductive temperature window was considered. Main conclusions Altogether these results exemplify the need to integrate phenology better to improve the prediction of future distributional shifts at local and regional scales.Agência financiadora Número do subsídio Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia CCMAR/Multi/04326/2019 FCT-BIODIVERSA/004/2015 FCT-SEAS-ERA/0001/2012 SFRH/BPD/107878/2015 SFRH/BPD/85040/2012 Erasmus Mundus Doctoral Programme MARES on Marine Ecosystem Health Conservation MARES_13_08 Pew Marineinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio