Legal Aspects of Aircraft Hijacking

The goal of this article is to discuss and examine the legal dimension of aircraft hijacking crime from international agreements and Turkish legal system aspect. The fact that there are gaps in security procedures of countries and the punishments not being deterrent in aircraft hijacking acts; affect many people, regions, and countries. Increasing terrorist acts in the last years; acts like aircraft hijacking by terrorist groups make it necessary to review universal rules, penal sanctions, and security procedures. This study mentions the problems created by the association of aircraft hijacking crime with political events. As a solution, it suggests imposing sanctions on countries that make this association and making it compulsory to have police in planes

Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of p-Coumaric Acid Complexes of CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII Metal Cations and Biological Applications

T he phenolic compound used in this study is p-coumaric acid, which is the derivative of phenolic acid playing a role in giving color, odor and taste to the plants. The p-coumaric acid is an organic compound derived from cinnamic acid. There are three isomers of this structure as ortho-, meta- and para- depending on the location of the hydroxyl group within the structure. In this study, metal complexes of p-coumaric acid ligand with the transition metal cations CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII were synthesized. The structure of the synthesized complexes was studied via elemental analysis, infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, melting point and thermal analysis. Furthermore the biological properties of these new molecules were studie

Effects of HBV and HCV infection on oxidative stress and inflammation in hemodialysis patients

Background and purpose: Chronic renal failure is a syndrome characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of nephrons depending on various diseases. Especially infection such as HBV and HCV is among the major causes of mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients. In the present study we aimed to determine the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and heat shock protein (HSP70) in chronic renal failure patients diagnosed with HBV, HCV and non-hepatitis undergoing hemodialysis treatment.  Materials and methods: Samples of 235-patients receiving hemodialysis treatment and 25-healthy individuals were included in the study. Firstly, HBV and HCV positivity were diagnosed by serological Enzyme-Linked ImmunuSorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Then, 3-NT levels were determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), while TWEAK and HSP70 were determined using high sensitivity ELISA. The numbers of patients used in the studies were determined according to statistical power analysis.Results: The values of 3-NT and HSP70 were found to be significantly higher non-hepatitis patients, HBV and HCV patients receiving hemodialysis treatment to compared with the control group (p‹0.05). Concentration of TWEAK in non-hepatitis and HBV patients receiving hemodialysis therapy was found to be significantly higher to compared with the control group (p‹0.05). However, unlike the other two groups, an increase in the TWEAK of HCV patients on post-dialysis was determined.Conclusions: To prevent the increase of inflammation and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients or to keep it under control, investigating certain parameters such as TWEAK, 3-NT and HSP70 from time to time is of great importance in terms of minimizing the level of risk for many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Infection also increases the burden on oxidative stress and immunity system in these patients. </p

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Determınatıon of oxıdatıve stress and cellular ımmunıty ın patıents wıth dıabetıc nephropathy and nondıabetıc whıch hemodıalysıs ın treatment due to chronıc renal faılure

Kronik böbrek yetmezligi (KBY) birçok nedenle gelisebilir ve en önemli nedenlerinden biri diyabetes mellitustur. Diyabetes mellitus gelisimi sonucunda akut ve/veya kronik komplikasyonlar görülmektedir. Kronik komplikasyonlardan da makrovasküler ve mikrovasküler komplikasyonlar gelismektedir. Mikrovasküler komplikasyonlardan biri diyabetik nefropatidir. Bu hastalarda ilerleyici fonksiyon kaybını açıklamak üzere öne sürülen mekanizmalardan biri de oksidatif strestir. Ayrıca bu hastalarda çesitli nedenlerle immün bozukluklar görülmektedir. Bu nedenle çalısmada, KBY nedeniyle hemodiyaliz tedavisi uygulanan diyabetik nefropatili ve non-diyabetik hastalarda oksidatif stres [8-hidroksideoksiguanozin (8-OHdG), malondialdehit (MDA)], endotel hasarı [asimetrikdimetilarjinin (ADMA)] ve hücresel immünite belirteçlerinin [interlökin-6 (IL-6), tümör nekroz faktör-_ (TNF-_), neopterin (NP) ve yüksek duyarlık (hsCRP)] degerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıstır. 8-OHdG seviyelerinin belirlenmesinde Enzim immün assay yöntemi kullanıldı. Serum MDA, ADMA ve NP seviyeleri yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi kullanılarak belirlendi. IL-6 ve TNF--_ ELISA yöntemiyle ve hs-CRP degerleri nefelometrik yöntemle ölçüldü. Serum 8-OHdG ve MDA düzeyleri diyaliz sonrasında hasta gruplarında kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandıgında artmıs bulundu. Serum ADMA ve NP düzeyleri diyaliz sonrasında kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandıgında artmıs bulundu. Serum IL-6 ve TNF-_ düzeyleri diyaliz öncesinde hasta gruplarında kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandıgında artmıs bulundu. Sonuç olarak, KBY nedeniyle hemodiyaliz tedavisi uygulanan diyabetik nefropatili hastalarda oksidatif stresin non-diyabetik hastalara göre daha yüksek oldugu belirlenmistir. Buna karsın, non-diyabetik hastalarda olusan inflamasyonun diyabetik nefropatili hastalara göre daha yüksek oldugu tespit edilmistir.Chronic renal failure (CRF) may occur for many reasons and diabetes mellitus is one of the most important causes. Acute and/or chronic complications were seen in result of diabetes mellitus developing. Macrovascular and microvascular complications are develop from chronic complications. Diabetic nephropathy is one of microvascular complications. In these patients, the oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms proposed to explain the loss of progressive function. In addition, in these patients, the immune disorders due to various reasons observed. In this study aimed to evaluate of oxidative stress [8- hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), malondialdehyde (MDA)], endothelial damage [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)] and markers of cellular immunity [interlokine-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- _ (TNF-_), neopterin (NP) and high sensitve C reactive protein (hsCRP)] in patients with diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic treated with hemodialysis because of chronic renal failure. Determination of 8-OHdG levels used by Enzyme immun assay (EIA) method. MDA, ADMA and NP levels were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography. IL-6 and TNF-alfa levels were determinated by ELISA method and Hs-CRP values were measured with nephelometric method. 8-OHdG and MDA levels were observed statistically increased when compared to control in both patients groups after dialysis. ADMA and NP levels were observed statistically decreased when compared to control in both patients groups after dialysis. IL-6 and TNF-_ levels were found increased when compared to controls in all patients groups before dialysis. As a result, oxidative stress in patients with diabetic nephropathy treated with hemodialysis due to CRF was higher than stress in non-diabetic patients treated with hemodialysis due to CRF. In contrast, inflammation in patients with nondiabetic patients was found to be higher than in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Desing of highly efficent grid-connected inverter for renewable energy systems

YÖK Tez No: 413369Günümüzde gelişen sanayi ve artan nüfus ile birlikte enerji tüketimi giderek artmaktadır. Bu enerji talebinin artmasıyla sınırlı miktarda bulunan fosil yakıt rezervleri azalmakta ve bu yakıtların kullanımından kaynaklanan çeşitli atıklar çevreye zarar vermektedir. Bu nedenle rüzgar enerjisi ve fotovoltaik enerji gibi yenilenebilir, temiz enerji kaynaklı sistemlere olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Bu tür sistemlerde yenilenebilir enerji kaynağından alınan DA enerjinin AA'ya çevrilmesinde eviriciler kullanılır. Kullanılan eviriciler çeşitli yapılarda olup şebeke bağlantılı eviriciler, akü gibi enerji depolama elemanlarının yüksek maliyetleri nedeniyle daha sık tercih edilirler. Günümüze kadar olan çalışmalarda evirici verimleri giderek artmakta ve eviricilerdeki verim ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yenilenebilir enerji sistemlerinde kullanılabilecek, şebeke bağlantılı ve yüksek verimli bir eviricinin gerçekleştirilmesi hedeflenerek, bu tip sistemlerin gelişmesine ve yaygınlaşmasına katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çeşitli evirici topolojileri incelenerek günümüzde popüler olan AT-NPC tipi eviricinin şebeke bağlantılı tasarımı yapılmış, ardından bu tasarım deneysel olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmadan alınan sonuçlarda eviricinin yüksek verimlerde ve şebeke bağlantılı olarak çalıştığı görülmüştür.Nowadays, with population growing and industry development, energy consumption is increasing and consequently, limited fossil fuel reserves which have serious and environmental concerns are depleted. Because of these reasons, the interest for clean and renewable energy sources, such as wind and photovoltaic, is growing. To utilize these energies, inverters are used to convert from DC form to AC form. Inverters are used in variety of structures, but grid-connected inverters are often preferred because of the cost of energy storage such as batteries. While the studies on inverters have increased recently, the efficiency of inverters has become matter of interest and been increased. In this study, implementation of grid-connected, highly efficient inverter for renewable energy systems are aimed. With these objectives, it is intended to contribute the development and expansion of renewable energy systems. In light of these objectives, variety of inverter topologies is examined and the popular type AT-NPC for grid-connected operation is designed and experimentally performed. The experimental results show that the inverter works with high efficiency and is well synchronized with the utility grid