Estratégias didáticas, à luz de competências e habilidades, para promoção de discussões sobre desenvolvimento tecnológico no contexto escolar

Na busca por contemplar pressupostos da Educação Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS) no ensino de Química, este estudo, recorte de uma tese de doutorado, procurou verificar se e quais estratégias didáticas podem ser utilizadas para inserir e/ou aprofundar discussões sobre desenvolvimento tecnológico no contexto escolar, à luz das competências e habilidades. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, teve os dados coletados a partir das produções textuais realizadas pelos alunos e de transcrições de áudios gravados durante as aulas nas quais se desenvolveram duas sequências didáticas de conteúdos do currículo de Química. A interpretação desses dados foi apoiada na Análise Textual Discursiva. Desse modo, foi possível observar que o desenvolvimento tecnológico, em uma visão CTS, pode comparecer no aprimoramento de habilidades e de competências pelos alunos

LAZER, JUVENTUDE E VIOLÊNCIA: UMA ANÁLISE DA LITERATURA VIGENTE

This is an integrative review of leisure, youth and violence aimed at reflecting on its results, expand investigative possibilities, point out recurrences and gaps, and indicate prospects for investigations. The source of data collection was CAPES’s journals portal, the SciELO database, and Google Scholar. There are at least two discussions about violence in the studies analyzed – one that sees it as a barrier to leisure, and the other that places leisure as necessary for the recovering young people who have committed criminal acts or violations. In addition, there are studies that present young people as protagonists of their lives when organized around cultural and leisure practices. We consider it necessary to invest in more discussions about leisure as a fundamental activity for human development, while debating the contradictions that it can pose to young people. Este es un estudio revisión integrativa sobre la temática de la recreación, la juventud y la violencia, con el fin de reflexionar sobre los resultados, ampliar posibilidades investigativas, señalar las recurrencias y lagunas e indicar las perspectivas de futuras investigaciones. Las fuentes de la recopilación de datos fueron el portal de revistas CAPES, la base de datos SciELO y la plataforma Google Scholar. Hay al menos dos discusiones sobre la violencia en las investigaciones analizadas, una que la relaciona como una barrera para el ocio y la otra que coloca el ocio como necesario para la recuperación de los jóvenes que han cometido actos delictivos o infractores. Además, hay estudios que presentan a los jóvenes como protagonistas de sus vidas cuando se organizan en torno a prácticas culturales y de recreación. Consideramos necesario invertir en más debates que problematicen el ocio como actividad fundamental para el desarrollo humano, sin dejar de debatir las contradicciones que puede presentar a los jóvenes.  Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa sobre a temática lazer, juventude e violência, a fim de refletir sobre os seus resultados, ampliar possibilidades investigativas, apontar recorrências e lacunas, e indicar perspectivas de investigações. A fonte de coleta de dados foi o portal de periódicos da Capes, a base de dados SciELO e o Google Acadêmico. Há pelo menos duas discussões sobre a violência nas pesquisas analisadas, uma relacionada como barreira ao lazer, e a outra, que coloca o lazer como necessário para a recuperação de jovens que cometeram atos infracionais ou criminosos. Além disso, há estudos que apresentam os jovens como protagonista de suas vidas quando organizados em torno de práticas culturais e de lazer. Consideramos necessário investir em mais discussões que problematizem o lazer como atividade fundamental ao desenvolvimento humano, sem deixar de debater as contradições que ele pode apresentar aos jovens.

Effect of chemical modification of palygorskite and sepiolite by 3-aminopropyltriethoxisilane on adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes

[EN]A study has been performed on the removal of representative cationic and anionic dyes, methylene blue and metanil yellow, from aqueous solutions using fibrous clay minerals grafted with amine groups using (3- aminopropyl)triethoxysilane as functionalizing agent. Parameters affecting dye uptake, including contact time and dye concentration, the desorption process, pH and the recovery of both the dyes and the adsorbents, were evaluated. The adsorption capacities were 49.48 and 47.03 mg/g for grafted palygorskite and 60.00 and 59.78 mg/g for grafted sepiolite, for methylene blue and metanil yellow dyes, respectively. Adsorption of the anionic dye was enhanced by the grafting process. Grafted clay mineral adsorbents proved to be efficient to remove the contaminants from a real wastewater from textile industry within 30 min. Both adsorbents showed good reusability and the maximum adsorption capacity was maintained stable after a 2-cycle test. Thus, hybrid adsorbents based on fibrous clay minerals can efficiently be applied in adsorption/desorption cycles for removal of dye

Effects of carbohydrates and electrolytes on thermoregulatory responses and anaerobic performance following a prolonged exercise in the heat

Most of the energy needed for muscle contraction during the Wingate anaerobic test is derived from adenosine triphosphate, creatine phosphate and glucose breakdown. Exogenous carbohydrates contribute to the maintenance of blood glucose and that could lead to the improvement of anaerobic performance following a prolonged sub-maximal exercise (PE). The purpose of the present study was to compare the anaerobic power output of men in the Wingate test performed immediately after 90 min of cycling at 60% of the maximal workload, with and without the ingestion of carbohydrates and electrolytes (CHO), as well as the physiological responses during the PE. Seven men (21.4 ± 4.2 yrs; 65.46 ± 10.45 kg; 9.4 ± 1.8% fat and 60.38 ± 4.76 mLO2.kg-1.min-1) volunteered for the study. They received adequate amounts of distilled water and capsules containing either glucose and electrolytes (CHO) or placebo (PLA) at every 15 min, while exercising on an environmental chamber at 28 ºC temperature and 79% air relative humidity, in a double-blind protocol. Rectal temperatures and heart rates were monitored continuously. Blood glucose and lactate were also measured. Sweat rates were estimated from pre to post-exercise body weight differences, taking into account water intake and urine excretion. As expected, blood glucose was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in CHO (116 ± 12mg/dL) than in PLA (81 ± 7mg/dL). Relative power output in CHO (12.63 ± 1.27 W·Kg-1) and in PLA ( 12.64 ± 1.30 W·Kg-1) as well as the total work output in CHO (18.57 ± 2.86 KJ) and in PLA (20.36 ± 6.01 KJ) were not different. Thermal regulation was also unaffected. The ingestion of CHO did not affect any of the variables under investigationCarboidratos exógenos contribuem para a manutenção da glicose sangüínea e acredita-se que isto possa melhorar o desempenho anaeróbio após um exercício prolongado. Foram objetivos deste estudo comparar a potência máxima e o trabalho total de atletas, no teste anaeróbio de Wingate realizado após 90 min de exercício prolongado (EP), com e sem a ingestão de mistura eletrolítica carboidratada (MEC), bem como as respostas termorregulatórias ocorridas durante o EP. Sete homens (21,4 ± 4,2 anos; 65,46 ± 10,45 kg; 9,4 ± 1,8% de gordura e 60,38 ± 4,76 mLO2·kg-1·min-1) ingeriram água destilada e cápsulas gelatinosas contendo MEC ou placebo (PLA) a cada 15 min, enquanto realizavam o EP a 60% da carga máxima em uma câmara ambiental (25,9 IBUTG), em duplo-velado. Temperatura retal, freqüência cardíaca, lactato e glicose sangüínea foram medidas. Como era esperado, a glicose sangüínea foi mais alta (p≤0,05) quando a ingestão da MEC (116 ± 12 mg.dL-1) foi comparada à ingestão de PLA (81±7mg/dL). Não houve diferença entre as situações MEC e PLA na termorregulação, na potência relativa (12,63 ± 1,27 W·Kg-1 e 12,64 ± 1,30 W·Kg-1, respectivamente) ou no trabalho total (18,57 ± 2,86 KJ e 20,36 ± 6,01 KJ, respectivamente). Conclusões: A ingestão da MEC não alterou nenhuma das demais variáveis estudada

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

Determinants of intensive insulin therapeutic regimens in patients with type 1 diabetes: data from a nationwide multicenter survey in Brazil

Background: To evaluate the determinants of intensive insulin regimens (ITs) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Methods: This multicenter study was conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics in 20 Brazilian cities. Data were obtained from 3,591 patients (56.0% female, 57.1% Caucasian). Insulin regimens were classified as follows: group 1, conventional therapy (CT) (intermediate human insulin, one to two injections daily); group 2 (three or more insulin injections of intermediate plus regular human insulin); group 3 (three or more insulin injections of intermediate human insulin plus short-acting insulin analogues); group 4, basal-bolus (one or two insulin injections of long-acting plus short-acting insulin analogues or regular insulin); and group 5, basal-bolus with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Groups 2 to 5 were considered IT groups.Results: We obtained complete data from 2,961 patients. Combined intermediate plus regular human insulin was the most used therapeutic regimen. CSII was used by 37 (1.2%) patients and IT by 2,669 (90.2%) patients. More patients on IT performed self-monitoring of blood glucose and were treated at the tertiary care level compared to CT patients (p < 0.001). the majority of patients from all groups had HbA1c levels above the target. Overweight or obesity was not associated with insulin regimen. Logistic regression analysis showed that economic status, age, ethnicity, and level of care were associated with IT (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Given the prevalence of intensive treatment for T1D in Brazil, more effective therapeutic strategies are needed for long term-health benefits.Farmanguinhos/Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz/National Health MinistryBrazilian Diabetes SocietyFundacao do Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Unit Diabet, BR-20551030 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilBaurus Diabet Assoc, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo State, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ Hosp Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilHosp Geral de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHosp Univ Clementino Fraga Filho IPPMG, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilFac Ciencias Med Santa Casa São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Crianca, Hosp Clin, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Hosp Clin, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilAmbulatorio Fac Estadual Med Sao Jose Rio Preto, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilEscola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilClin Endocrinol Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Estadual Londrina, Londrina, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Hosp Clin, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilInst Crianca Com Diabet Rio Grande Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, RS, BrazilGrp Hosp Conceicao, Inst Crianca Com Diabet, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Univ Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilInst Diabet Endocrinol Joinville, Joinville, BrazilHosp Reg Taguatinga, Brasilia, DF, BrazilHosp Geral Goiania, Goiania, Go, BrazilCtr Diabet & Endocrinol Estado Bahia, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, BrazilCtr Integrado Diabet & Hipertensao Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Sergipe, Aracaju, BrazilHosp Univ Alcides Carneiro, Campina Grande, BrazilHosp Univ Joao de Barros Barreto, Belem, Para, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo State, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilEscola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilWeb of Scienc