pH effects on the ohmic properties of bromophenol blue-doped polypyrrole film

The ohmic response of bromophenol blue (BPB) doped polypyrrole (ppy) films obtained by in situ resistance measurements was studied to evaluate the pH effect on their analytical properties. BPB molecules were inserted into the ppy matrix by electrochemical synthesis onto digitized gold electrodes. Ppy-BPB films do not present decrease in the linear ohmic resistance when increasing pH values over the pH range 1.5-11.0, displayed by an increase in resistance after immersion in pH 7.5. The nonlinear behavior is a disadvantage for the application of the ppy-BPB film as pH sensor, however, meaningful information about the interaction between the dopant and the conjugated polymer can be obtained from the system. The ohmic behavior of the ppy-BPB films are explained in terms of the equilibrium between neutral and anionic dye species embedded in the ppy matrix. This work brings important contributions to the development of efficient conducting polymer-based sensors

Propuesta de parámetros y procedimientos para determinar y comunicar las cuestiones clave de auditoria, que deben ser incluidas en el informe del auditor independiente, con base a la NIA 701.

Los auditores externos deben emitir informes de auditoría de estados financieros de acuerdo con las Normas Internacionales de Auditoría, y debido a los nuevos cambios y adiciones de nuevas NIA`s emitidos por IAASB, es necesario que los auditores externos conozcan y comprendan muy bien el contenido de dichas normas, además las empresas que contratan sus servicios siempre esperan que estos brinden información útil y relevante en el informe, después de realizar su auditoría. Una de las nuevas adiciones a las NIA´s aborda precisamente una parte del informe que aporta contenido interesante a los usuarios de los estados financieros, esta es la NIA 701 que se denomina “Comunicación de las cuestiones clave de la auditoría en el informe del auditoría emitido por auditor independiente”, y es principalmente el auditor quien a su juicio determina qué cuestiones significativas ameritan ser comunicadas en el informe de auditoría a emitir, sin embargo, según los resultados obtenidos en las encuestas realizadas a los auditores externos, existe la necesidad de que se desarrolle más contenido ilustrativo que aborde sobre el tema; ya que, además se comprobó que existe confusión al momento de determinar las cuestiones clave de la auditoría. El objetivo principal del trabajo de investigación es proporcionar a los auditores externos una herramienta en la que se plantean parámetros y procedimientos para determinar y comunicar las cuestiones clave de auditoría, con la finalidad de que mediante el desarrollo de mayor contenido ilustrativo se comprenda fácilmente la aplicación de la NIA 701. El método utilizado para llevar a cabo la investigación fue el método deductivo; ya que, se partió de información general relacionada a las cuestiones clave de auditoría hasta concluir en la elaboración de una herramienta que incluya parámetros, procedimientos y material ilustrativo sobre la determinación y comunicación de cuestiones clave de auditoría. Para la comprobación de la hipótesis, se realizó un estudio a una muestra de los profesionales de la contaduría pública de El Salvador que ejercen la auditoría externa, convirtiéndose en la unidad de análisis. La recolección de datos se realizó haciendo uso de la técnica de la encuesta, la cual fue dirigida a los profesionales mencionados anteriormente del área metropolitana de San Salvador. Los resultados obtenidos de la investigación indican que los auditores externos consideran confuso la determinación y comunicación de las cuestiones clave de auditoría, provocado por la poca practicidad y el desconocimiento normativo. La mayoría de los auditores externos consideran que, sí existe información para poder determinar y comunicar las cuestiones clave de auditoría; sin embargo, consideran que el desarrollo de más contenido ilustrativo es un buen aporte para la profesión; ya que, gran parte de los profesionales no han elaborado ninguna herramienta que les facilite la determinación y comunicación de las cuestiones clave a comunicar en el informe de auditoría

Adaptação transcultural, validade de face e confiabilidade do Instrumento de Identificação da Participação Ocupacional do Modelo de Ocupação Humana para o português do Brasil

Introdução O Instrumento de Identificação da Participação Ocupacional do Modelo de Ocupação Humana (MOHOST Brasil) foi desenvolvido no Reino Unido e mensura a participação ocupacional. Até a sua presente tradução, para o Brasil, não haviam instrumentos padronizados e que mensurassem o mesmo constructo. Objetivos Descrever o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do MOHOST para o Brasil, examinar a sua validade de face e confiabilidade no teste-reteste por terapeutas ocupacionais. Método Inicialmente foi estabelecido um contato para a autorização da tradução e, posteriormente, seguidas as etapas de tradução, retrotradução, comitê de especialistas, validade de face e teste-reteste. O comitê de especialistas foi composto por dez terapeutas ocupacionais. A validade de face contou com a participação de 50 terapeutas ocupacionais. A análise estatística foi empregada para investigar se o entendimento do MOHOST pelos terapeutas ocupacionais estava vinculado à sua duração da experiência clínica. A confiabilidade teste-reteste foi examinada em uma amostra de oito adultos com deficiência física, em um intervalo de uma semana. Resultados A adaptação transcultural do MOHOST (Brasil) foi concluída. Foi encontrada uma correlação significativa (p=0,04) entre anos de experiência profissional e maior entendimento dos itens do MOHOST. O MOHOST apresentou confiabilidade muito alta no teste-reteste (r>0,900). Conclusão A versão brasileira apresenta validação de face e confiabilidade no teste-reteste. Estudos futuros abordando as propriedades psicométricas de validade convergente e confiabilidade entre avaliadores são recomendados.Introduction The Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST) was developed in the UK and measures the occupational participation. Until its translation, there were no standardised instruments in Brazil of a similar nature. Objectives To describe the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process of the MOHOST for Brazil, its face validity and test-retest reliability among occupational therapists. Method A translation agreement was established allowing the assessment to be translated and honed after a back translation. An expert committee was formed of ten occupational therapists to test face validity of the instrument with 50 occupational therapists. Statistical analysis was employed to investigate whether the occupational therapists’ understanding of the MOHOST was linked to their length of clinical experience. The test-retest reliability was examined among a sample of eight adults with physical disabilities. Results The cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian MOHOST has been completed. A significant correlation (p=0.04) was found between years of professional experience and greater understanding of the MOHOST items. The MOHOST presented very high reliability in the test-retest (r>0.900). Conclusion A Brazilian translation of the MOHOST has face validation and test-retest reliability. Future studies addressing this instrument’s psychometric properties of validity and inter-rater reliability are recommended

Temperature of the ingested water on fatigue during exercise until exhaustion in a thermoneutral environment

Os efeitos da ingestão de água durante o exercício em ambiente termoneutro, assim como os efeitos da temperatura da água ingerida sobre a fadiga ainda não estão bem estudados. Este trabalho foi realizado para estudar os efeitos de três diferentes temperaturas da água ingerida sobre a tolerância ao esforço submáximo de seis voluntários sadios (idade 24,0 ± 3,5 anos; peso 67,0 ± 4,8 kg; V 02pjCo 47,8 ± 9,1 mL/kg.min*1 e percentual de gordura 9,5 ± 2,0%) durante o repouso (60 min) ou durante o esforço submáximo numa bicicleta ergométrica (60% da V02PiCO) até a exaustão. As temperaturas da água foram escolhidas para produzir resfriamento corporal (10 °C), ou para simular a temperatura corporal interna (38 °C) ou constituir um ponto intermediário (24 °C). Foram medidos continuamente o consumo de oxigênio (V02), a extração de gás carbônico (VC02), a freqüência cardíaca (FC), as temperaturas retal (Tr) e média da pele (TMP), e o calor acumulado (S). O lactato plasmático (La) foi dosado antes e ao final do exercício. Em todas as situações experimentais, os indivíduos ingeriam 1320 mL de água (nas temperaturas de 10, 24 e 38 °C), assim distribuídas: 600 mL 15 minutos antes do procedimento experimental e três doses de 240 mL, aos 15, 30 e 45 minutos, do repouso ou do exercício. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar durante os experimentos variaram de 22,4 a 22,8 °C e 62,6 a 65%, respectivamente. O estudo seguiu o delineamento de um Quadrado Latino e a análise de variância de dois fatores (para o TTE) com medidas repetidas no segundo fator (para Tre, TMP, S, FC e V 02) seguidas do teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). A temperatura da água não afetou o tempo máximo de exercício. O exercício aumentou todas as variáveis, como esperado, mas a temperatura da água não interferiu nas respostas. No repouso, observou-se uma redução da Tre, TMP e S ao longo do tempo, sugerindo um resfriamento decorrente do repouso ou das condições térmicas do ambiente. Os resultados mostram que a temperatura da água ingerida não interferiu na temperatura corporal e na performanceThe effects of water ingestion during exercise at a thermoneutral environment and the effects of the ingested water temperature on fatigue have not been studied. This research was designed to study the effects of three different temperatures of ingested water on fatigue of six healthy male subjects (age 24.0 ± 3.5 years; weight 67.0 ± 4.8 kg; V 0 2Peak 47.8 ± 9.1 mL/kg.min'1 and body fat 9.5 ± 2.0%) during rest (60 min) or at a sub-maximal cycle ergometer exercise (60% V O 2 peak) to the exhaustion (ET). The water temperatures were chosen to produce physical cooling (10 °C), to simulate the body temperature (38 °C) and to find an intermediate point (24 °C). There were continuous measurements of oxygen uptake ( V 0 2), carbonic gas extraction (V C 0 2), heart rate (HR), rectal (Tre) and skin (Tsk) temperatures, and heat storage (S). Plasma lactate (La) was measured before and at the end of exercise. In all of the six experimental conditions the volunteers ingested 1320 mL of water (at 38 °C or 24 °C or 10 °C) following the schedule: 600 mL (15 min before) and three doses of 240 mL each at 19, 34 and 49 minutes of resting or exercise. The temperature and air relative humidity during the experiments ranged from 22.4 to 22.8 °C and 62.6 to 65% respectively. The experimental design followed a latin square model and a two-way anova (for TE) and repeated measures (for Tre, TMP, S, FC, V 0 2 and V C 0 2) with post hoc Tukey’s test was used to analyze data, with significance level of p < 0.05. The temperature of ingested water did not change the time to exhaustion. The exercise increased all variables, as expected, but the temperature of ingested water did not modify their responses. During resting, there were lower Tre, TMP, and S, suggesting an cooling effect that could be due to the resting itself or to the thermal environmental conditions. The results showed that the temperature of ingested water did not modify the body temperatures neither the time do exhaustio

Predicting Tumor Response in Breast Cancer Patients Using Diffuse Optical Tomography

Abstract: We have developed a diffuse optical tomography imaging system to track breast tumor progression in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Preliminary results have shown that tumor response can be predicted by the second week of treatment

Covid-19 misinformation in Portuguese-speaking countries: agreement with content and associated factors

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, a complex phenomenon called the “infodemic” has emerged, compromising coping with the pandemic. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of agreement with misinformation about COVID-19 and to identify associated factors. A web survey was carried out in Portuguese-speaking countries in two stages: 1. the identification of misinformation circulating in the included countries; 2. a multicentric online survey with residents of the included countries. The outcome of the study was agreement or disagreement with misinformation about COVID-19. Multivariate analyzes were conducted using the Poisson regression model with robust variance, a logarithmic link function, and 95% confidence intervals. The prevalence of agreement with misinformation about COVID-19 was 63.9%. The following factors increased the prevalence of this outcome: having a religious affiliation (aPR: 1454, 95% CI: 1393–1517), having restrictions on leisure (aPR: 1230, 95% CI: 1127–1342), practicing social isolation (aPR: 1073, 95% CI: 1030–1118), not avoiding agglomeration (aPR: 1060, 95% CI: 1005–1117), not seeking/receiving news from scientific sources (aPR: 1153, 95% CI: 1068–1245), seeking/receiving news from three or more non-scientific sources (aPR: 1114, 95% CI: 1049–1182), and giving credibility to news carried by people from social networks (aPR: 1175, 95% CI: 1104–1251). There was a high prevalence of agreement with misinformation about COVID-19. The quality, similarity, uniformity, and acceptance of the contents indicate a concentration of themes that reflect “homemade”, simple, and easy methods to avoid infection by SARS-CoV-2, compromising decision-making and ability to cope with the disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Connected consciousness after tracheal intubation in young adults: an international multicentre cohort study

Background: Connected consciousness, assessed by response to command, occurs in at least 5% of general anaesthetic procedures and perhaps more often in young people. Our primary objective was to establish the incidence of connected consciousness after tracheal intubation in young people aged 18e40 yr. The secondary objectives were to assess the nature of these responses, identify relevant risk factors, and determine their relationship to postoperative outcomes. Methods: This was an international, multicentre prospective cohort study using the isolated forearm technique to assess connected consciousness shortly after tracheal intubation. Results: Of 344 enrolled subjects, 338 completed the study (mean age, 30 [standard deviation, 6.3] yr; 232 [69%] female). Responses after intubation occurred in 37/338 subjects (11%). Females (13%, 31/232) responded more often than males (6%, 6/106). In logistic regression, the risk of responsiveness was increased with female sex (odds ratio [OR adjusted ]¼2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1e7.6; P¼0.022) and was decreased with continuous anaesthesia before laryngoscopy (OR adjusted ¼0.43; 95% CI, 0.20e0.96; P¼0.041). Responses were more likely to occur after a command to respond (and not to nonsense, 13 subjects) than after a nonsense statement (and not to command, four subjects, P¼0.049). Conclusions: Connected consciousness occured after intubation in 11% of young adults, with females at increased risk. Continuous exposure to anaesthesia between induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation should be considered t

Plant DNA barcodes and assessment of phylogenetic community structure of a tropical mixed dipterocarp forest in Brunei Darussalam (Borneo)

DNA barcoding is a fast and reliable tool to assess and monitor biodiversity and, via community phylogenetics, to investigate ecological and evolutionary processes that may be responsible for the community structure of forests. In this study, DNA barcodes for the two widely used plastid coding regions rbcL and matK are used to contribute to identification of morphologically undetermined individuals, as well as to investigate phylogenetic structure of tree communities in 70 subplots (10 × 10m) of a 25-ha forest-dynamics plot in Brunei (Borneo, Southeast Asia). The combined matrix (rbcL + matK) comprised 555 haplotypes (from ≥154 genera, 68 families and 25 orders sensu APG, Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, 2016), making a substantial contribution to tree barcode sequences from Southeast Asia. Barcode sequences were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships using maximum likelihood, both with and without constraining the topology of taxonomic orders to match that proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. A third phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the program Phylomatic to investigate the influence of phylogenetic resolution on results. Detection of non-random patterns of community assembly was determined by net relatedness index (NRI) and nearest taxon index (NTI). In most cases, community assembly was either random or phylogenetically clustered, which likely indicates the importance to community structure of habitat filtering based on phylogenetically correlated traits in determining community structure. Different phylogenetic trees gave similar overall results, but the Phylomatic tree produced greater variation across plots for NRI and NTI values, presumably due to noise introduced by using an unresolved phylogenetic tree. Our results suggest that using a DNA barcode tree has benefits over the traditionally used Phylomatic approach by increasing precision and accuracy and allowing the incorporation of taxonomically unidentified individuals into analyses

estudos artísticos

A revista Gama, Estudos Artísticos estabeleceu-se como um instrumento para a disseminação do conhecimento em torno da arte e da cultura numa perspetiva que se crê inovadora, e que nos caracteriza: estudar arte e artistas através do olhar formado e privilegiado dos companheiros de profissão. Artistas estudam outros artistas. A revista Gama pertence assim a um projeto de resistência: resistência ao centrismo do artworld, ao esmagamento pelos discursos dominantes, às lógicas de reprodução da legitimação instituída. Há uma característica que prevalece em todos os 28 artigos reunidos na presente edição: a reflexão informada sobre autores e obras de arte, que propõe novas leituras e novas redes de conhecimento. Todas juntas constituem um tecido que descobre sentidos, na sua integração global na nova paisagem cultural.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio