Etnografía e investigación-creación

In creative knowledge areas, the ethnographic approach in research-creation processes has become popular in recent decades. However, there is a lack of clarity about the implications and possibilities of doing ethnography and the reasons why this approach facilitates the articulation of research with creation. This article seeks to clarify the relationship between ethnography and research-creation, specifying what it means to construct a dense description, what participant observation is about, and where does the need to use forms of expression other than writing come from. For this purpose, the departure from positivism and the inauguration of experimental ethnographies will be discussed, with concrete examples.  En las áreas de conocimiento creativas se ha venido popularizando, en las últimas décadas, el enfoque etnográfico en los procesos de investigación-creación. Sin embargo, falta claridad acerca de las implicaciones y posibilidades de hacer etnografía y de las razones por las cuales esta aproximación facilita la articulación de la investigación con la creación. Este artículo busca aclarar la relación entre etnografía e investigación-creación, precisando qué significa construir una descripción densa, de qué se trata la observación participante y de dónde surge la necesidad de utilizar formas de expresión diferentes a la escrita. Con tal propósito, se discutirán el alejamiento del positivismo y la inauguración de las etnografías experimentales, con ejemplos concretos

Traumatic skull fractures in dogs and cats: A comparative analysis of neurological and computed tomographic features

Background Traumatic skull fractures (TSF) are relatively frequent in dogs and cats, but little information is available regarding their clinical and imaging features. Hypothesis/Objectives To describe the neurological and computed tomographic (CT) features of a large cohort of dogs and cats with TSF. Animals Ninety‐one dogs and 95 cats with TSF identified on CT. Methods Multicenter retrospective comparative study. Signalment, cause of trauma, fracture locations and characteristics, presence of neurological deficits, and 1‐week survival were recorded. Fractures were classified according to the extent of fragmentation and displacement. Results The cranial vault was affected more frequently in dogs (P = .003), whereas the face and base of the cranium more often was affected in cats (P < .001). Cats presented with multiple fractures more frequently (P < .001). All animals with TSF in the cranial vault were more likely to develop neurological signs (P = .02), especially when depressed fractures were present (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7‐8.2; P = .001). Animals with TSF located only in the facial region were less likely to have neurological signs (odds ratio with Mantel‐Haenszel's method [ORMH], 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1‐0.6; P = .004). Most affected animals (84.9%) survived the first week post‐trauma. Death was more likely with fractures of the cranial vault (P = .003), especially when fragmented (P = .007) and displaced (P = .004). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Traumatic skull fracture distribution and patterns are different between dogs and cats. Cranial vault fractures were associated with neurological deficits and worse survival. The presence of TSF alone should not be considered a negative prognostic factor because most affected animals survived the first week

Poverty, social exclusion and dental caries of 12-year-old children: a cross-sectional study in Lima, Peru

Background: Socioeconomic differences in oral health have been reported in many countries. Poverty and social exclusion are two commonly used indicators of socioeconomic position in Latin America. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of poverty and social exclusion with dental caries experience in 12-year-old children. Methods: Ninety families, with a child aged 12 years, were selected from 11 underserved communities in Lima (Peru), using a two-stage cluster sampling. Head of households were interviewed with regard to indicators of poverty and social exclusion and their children were clinically examined for dental caries. The associations of poverty and social exclusion with dental caries prevalence were tested in binary logistic regression models. Results: Among children in the sample, 84.5% lived in poor households and 30.0% in socially excluded families. Out of all the children, 83.3% had dental caries. Poverty and social exclusion were significantly associated with dental caries in the unadjusted models (p = 0.013 and 0.047 respectively). In the adjusted model, poverty remained significantly related to dental caries (p = 0.008), but the association between social exclusion and dental caries was no longer significant (p = 0.077). Children living in poor households were 2.25 times more likely to have dental caries (95% confidence interval: 1.24; 4.09), compared to those living in non-poor households. Conclusion: There was support for an association between poverty and dental caries, but not for an association between social exclusion and dental caries in these children. Some potential explanations for these findings are discussed

Seminario de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo SG-SST

104(3) hLa Empresa Social del Estado dentro del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo cumple con los siguientes objetivos: 1. Identificar los peligros, evaluar y valorar los riesgos y establecer los respectivos controles. 2. Proteger la seguridad y salud de todos los trabajadores, mediante la mejora continua del Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SG-SST) en la empresa. 3. Cumplir la normatividad nacional vigente aplicable en materia de riesgos laboralesResultado para Obtener el Título de Profesional en Salud Ocupacional, Tesis (Profesional en Salud Ocupacional) Universidad de los Llanos Convenio Universidad del Tolima. Programa de Salud Ocupacional. Ceres San Jose del Guaviare- Meta., 2016EspecializaciónEspecializaciones en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabaj

Impacto de la educación en los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de diabéticos que acuden a la fundación DONUM, Cuenca 1999 - 2000

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de un programa educativo en pacientes con diabetes mellitus, se desarrolló un estudio evaluativo en 50 individuos previamente diagnosticados de diabetes, en tratamiento, ambulatorios y que acudían regularmente a la consulta externa del Departamento de Diabetes y Endocrinología de la fundación DONUM. Las muestras se seleccino al azar, el grupo recibió sesiones educativas semanales, durante 3 meses, utilizándose metodología grupales y participativas, se midieron parámetros clínicos [IMC], bioquímicos [HBa1], y de conocimientos antes y después del curso, utilizando para ello un cuestionario recomendado por la Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes. Una vez concluido el proceso educativo, los cambios en todos los parámetros, comparando los resultados iniciales con los finales, mostró diferencias, estadísticamente significativas, y sugieren que el modelo de intervención utilizado, produjo cambios positivos en el peso, dieta y prácticas de autocuidado, lo que resulto en una mejoría en el control metabólico, con repercusión en la calidad de vida de las personas con diabetes mellitus.Doctor en Medicina y CirugíaCuenc

Genome-wide mRNA sequencing of a single canine cerebellar cortical degeneration case leads to the identification of a disease associated <it>SPTBN2</it> mutation

Abstract Background Neonatal cerebellar cortical degeneration is a neurodegenerative disease described in several canine breeds including the Beagle. Affected Beagles are unable to ambulate normally from the onset of walking and the main pathological findings include Purkinje cell loss with swollen dendritic processes. Previous reports suggest an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The development of massively parallel sequencing techniques has presented the opportunity to investigate individual clinical cases using genome-wide sequencing approaches. We used genome-wide mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) of cerebellum tissue from a single Beagle with neonatal cerebellar cortical degeneration as a method of candidate gene sequencing, with the aim of identifying the causal mutation. Results A four-week old Beagle dog presented with progressive signs of cerebellar ataxia and the owner elected euthanasia. Histopathology revealed findings consistent with cerebellar cortical degeneration. Genome-wide mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) of RNA from cerebellum tissue was used as a method of candidate gene sequencing. After analysis of the canine orthologues of human spinocerebellar ataxia associated genes, we identified a homozygous 8 bp deletion in the β-III spectrin gene, SPTBN2, associated with spinocerebellar type 5 in humans. Genotype analysis of the sire, dam, ten clinically unaffected siblings, and an affected sibling from a previous litter, showed the mutation to fully segregate with the disorder. Previous studies have shown that β-III spectrin is critical for Purkinje cell development, and the absence of this protein can lead to cell damage through excitotoxicity, consistent with the observed Purkinje cell loss, degeneration of dendritic processes and associated neurological dysfunction in this Beagle. Conclusions An 8 bp deletion in the SPTBN2 gene encoding β-III spectrin is associated with neonatal cerebellar cortical degeneration in Beagle dogs. This study shows that mRNA-seq is a feasible method of screening candidate genes for mutations associated with rare diseases when a suitable tissue resource is available.</p

The role of Molossidae and Vespertilionidae in shaping the diversity of alphacoronaviruses in the Americas

Bats are reservoirs of diverse coronaviruses (CoVs), including progenitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. In the Americas, there is a contrast between alphacoronaviruses (alphaCoVs) and betaCoVs: while cospeciation prevails in the latter, alphaCoV evolution is dominated by deep and recent host switches. AlphaCoV lineages are maintained by two different bat family groups, Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae plus Molossidae. In this study, we used a Bayesian framework to analyze the process of diversification of the lineages maintained by Molossidae and Vespertilionidae, adding novel CoV sequences from Argentina. We provide evidence that the observed CoV diversity in these two bat families is shaped by their geographic distribution and that CoVs exhibit clustering at the level of bat genera. We discuss the causes of the cocirculation of two independent clades in Molossus and Tadarida as well as the role of Myotis as the ancestral host and a major evolutionary reservoir of alphaCoVs across the continent. Although more CoV sampling efforts are needed, these findings contribute to a better knowledge of the diversity of alphaCoVs and the links between bat host species.Fil: Caraballo, Diego Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Sabio, Maria Soledad. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Colombo, Valeria Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Piccirilli, María Guadalupe. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Vico, Lorena. No especifíca;Fil: Hirmas Riade, Stella Maris. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Campos, Josefina. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Gustavo. No especifíca;Fil: Beltrán, Fernando. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur; ArgentinaFil: Baumeister, Elsa. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Cisterna, Daniel Marcelo. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; Argentin