MENINGKATKAN PENALARAN SISWA MELALUI KONEKSI MATEMATIKA

The Third International Mathematic and Science Study (TIMSS : 2007) menyatakan bahwa untuk memahami isi matematika, siswa perlu menggunakan berbagai ketrampilan proses kognitif. Proses pertama siswa harus mengetahui fakta-fakta, prosedur dan konsep matematika, proses kedua berfokus pada kemampuan siswa dalam menerapkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman konseptual untuk memecahkan masalah, dan proses ketiga, penalaran dalam membuat langkah-langkah untuk menyelesaikan masalah rutin dan kompleks. Penalaran adalah ketrampilan dasar dari matematika dan diperlukan untuk memahami konsep matematika, menggunakan gagasan matematis dan menjalankan prosedur secara fleksibel serta untuk merekonstruksi langkah-langkah dalam pemecahan masalah. Penalaran siswa terhadap matematika dapat diperluas melalui eksplorasi terhadap keterkaitan di antara ide-ide matematika, sehingga siswa memandang matematika sebagai suatu kesatuan yang menyeluruh dan bukan sebagai kumpulan topik yang tidak saling berkaitan (harus ada proses koneksi dalam diri siswa). Koneksi matematika mengharuskan siswa untuk dapat memahami adanya hubungan internal matematika meliputi hubungan antar topik dalam matematika itu sendiri, sedangkan hubungan eksternal meliputi hubungan antara matematika dengan mata pelajaran lain dan hubungan dengan kehidupan sehari- hari. Karakirik (2006) menyarankan langkah pertama dalam mengkomunikasikan dan mengkoneksikan ide-ide matematika adalah penggunaan manipulatif siswa dalam penjelasan penalaran matematika mereka. Langkah manipulatif dalam koneksi ini bertujuan agar siswa dapat mengembangkan jalur pemikiran atau argumen untuk mengintegrasikan sejumlah ide menjadi satu kesatuan yang lebih kohern. Menurut Ball dan Bass (2003) dua proses penting penalaran dalam proses pemecahan masalah, pertama, proses penalaran dalam langkahlangkah yang berbeda harus terhubung satu sama lain, kedua, dalam proses penalaran siswa harus mengetahui hubungan antar konsep dimana siswa harus dapat memberikan alasan dan mengerti bagaimana dan mengapa alasan itu digunakan untuk membentuk argumen dalam pemecahan masalah. Kata Kunci : Penalaran matematis, kemampuan koneksi matematika

Uji Efek Jamu X: Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus

Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji efek jamu "X" terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah. Dalam penelitian ini uji dilakukan terhadap 10 orang penderita Diabetes Mellitus sebagai sampel uji dan 10 orang non diabetes sebagai sampel pembanding. Ke-2 kelompok tersebut mendapat perlakuan yang sama yaitu puasa selama kurang lebih lO jam sebelum dilakukan pengukuran kadar glukosa darah. Ke-2 kelompok diterapi selama 6 hari berturut-turut dengan dosis 3 kali sehari 1 cup (setara dengan 25 ml) 30 menit sebelum makan dan tiap 3 hari diukur kadar glukosa darahnya. Berdasarkan basil penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa jamu "X" memberikan efek penurunan kadar glukosa darah terhadap subyek uji

DAMPAK CURRENT RATIO DAN RETURN ON EQUITY TERHADAP TRADING VOLUME ACTIVITY DENGAN PRICE TO BOOK VALUE SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING PADA JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX PERIODE 2015 – 2019

Investors always believe that if the company performs well it can increase the volume of stock trading. Therefore, many companies are trying to increase company activity and optimize all company resources in order to increase trading volume activity. This study examines and analyzes the effect of Current Ratio, Return On Equity on Trading Volume Activity with Price To Book Value, which is a moderating variable in the Jakarta Islamic Index for the 2015 - 2019 period on the IDX. To obtain data, the website www.idx.co.id is used as secondary data. The population is 50 issuers and the sample technique uses purposive sampling, thus the sample is 10 issuers. Furthermore, the application used in analyzing quantitative data is SPSS version 21.With the results obtained, Current Ratio and Return On Equity have a significant effect on Trading Volume Activity, but Price to Book Value is not able to be a moderating variable between Current Ratio and Return On Equity to Trading. Activity Volume

Using Big Books to Promote the Elementary School Students' Participation in English Classes

Maintaining the students' participation in the classroom is one of the greatest challenges faced by the English teachers especially those dealing with young learners’. This research aims to find out how well big books can improve the participation of fifth-grade students of SDN Pejagan 1 Bangkalan. Classroom action research was used as the research design. This research consisted of two cycles each of which was conducted in six meetings. The data was obtained from the observation and acting steps then analyzed descriptively. The researcher collaborated with the English teacher to conduct the research. To know the students' opinions towards the use of big books, the questionnaires were given at the end of each cycle. The interview was also done to some students and the English teacher related to the use of Big Book. This research revealed that big book which was big enough so it could be seen by the whole class; has interesting story and character and has eye-catching pictures could effectively encourage the students to participate actively in the English classes. Using big books in the classroom created a non-threatening atmosphere so that the students could express their opinion and disagreement freel

Tingkat Keberdayaan Perempuan Kepala Keluarga (Kasus pada Program Pekka di Desa Dayah Tanoh Kecamatan Mutiara Timur Kabupaten Pidie Provinsi Aceh)

. Women empowerment is an effort to enhance the capacity of women gaining access and control to economic, politic, social and cultural resources. It is also to strengthen self-development and self-confidence regarding ability to contribute and active participation in the process of decision-making, that reinforce development capability and self-concept. Women headed household empowerment program (Program Pemberdayaan Perempuan Kepala Keluarga – PEKKA)aims to cope and deal with any potential women headed household problems comprehensively through community organizing, in particular, related to class and gender inequalities in the community. In order to achieve that objective, the strategy of project management of PEKKA focuses on five pillars, which are participatory, flexibility, mentoring and facilitating, sustainability, and decentralized. This study aims to assess the level of empowerment of women headed household after joining the PEKKA program. The study employs qualitative approach, which is women headed household as a unit analysis. Data gathering was through primary and secondary sources. Primary data collected through participatory observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion, meanwhile secondary obtained through project related supportive documents. The process of analysis data was using data reduction, data arrangement and presentation, interpretation, tentative argument and conclusion, and verification. The study shows that the significance of the program encouragingly contributes to empowering women headed household through improvement of wellbeing, opens access to resources, increase critical awareness, as well as participation and control. It is to the greater extent connects to the objective of the program

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION TOWARD STUDENTS’ ENGLISH ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

This research was aimed to investigate the significance of correlation between students’ reading comprehension toward students’ English academic achievement. The population was the second grade students. By using cluster random sampling, XI IPA 1 and XI IPS 2 were being the sample. The total number of population was 195 students and the total number of sample was 66 students. Written test framed by the aspects of reading comprehension was applying to figure out the students’ reading comprehension score. Documentation technique of students’ English report book was applying to figure out the students’ English academic achievement score. The result shows that there is a significant correlation between students’ reading comprehension and students’ English academic achievement. It is implied the students’ who got higher in reading comprehension test tend to get outstanding score also in their English academic achievement. In addition, it can be one of the concern contribution to increase students’ English academic achievement through implementation of reading comprehension’s aspects. The teacher needs to implement the aspects of reading comprehension as the focus learning material and synergize it with the other main aspects of English academic achievement.Keywords: Correlation, Reading Comprehension, English Academic Achievement

Financial Performance as a Mediation of Tax Avoidance Determinants in LQ45 Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Taxes are the main source of revenue in the State Budget (APBN) which accounted for 73% of all state revenue in 2019. Taxes have such an important role in sustaining the continuity of government and development. However, realized tax receipts never reached the target level between 2009 and 2020.This is because there are companies that carry out tax avoidance actions. The purpose of this study is to specifically analyze the variables that affect tax evasion in the LQ45 index companies of the Indonesian Stock Exchange. This research was conducted during the period 2017 –2022. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling, in which criteria are determined based on the variables studied. The data analysis technique used is multiple simple linear regression analysis and a residual test for moderating variables. The F-test results show that institutional ownership, sales growth and Ln_total assets have a positive and insignificant effect on tax evasion. T-test results show that institutional ownership and sales growth have a negative and insignificant effect on tax evasion. However, Ln-Total_Asset has a negative and significant effect on tax evasion

The reflection strategies on students' thinking structures in the mathematical problem solving steps

Thinking is a process of understanding various things encountered in everyday life, finding certain opinions or ideas, making judgments, and solving problems. One of the tasks teachers must do in learning mathematics is to help students convey the cognitive processes experienced when solving issues. The thinking errors are and the algorithms that are not yet complete in solving student problems. But in reality, students still have difficulties that cause errors in solving mathematical problems. This study describes the reflection strategy on thinking to correct students' misconceptions in solving mathematical problems. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Research data consists of student answers, results think aloud, and the results of semi-structured interviews. The results showed that students with low problem-solving abilities experienced assimilation at the stage of understanding the problem only. In contrast, at the scene of developing strategies and implementing plans, accommodation occurred. The students will attack because students can decompose problems into simpler ones but require reflection to connect mathematical material to solve problems. In addition, students also need thinking to correct errors and complete incomplete algorithms when carrying out plans for solving mathematical problems

Ethnomathematics exploration: Number patterns in bamboo woven crafts in Tulungagung

ENGLISH: Woven craft when viewed from its form will form a regular and even repetitive patterns, so that it contains mathematical concepts. The mathematical concepts that exist in woven crafts are number patterns. Number pattern is a number that has certain rules that will form a regular sequence of numbers. This study aims to determine the pattern of numbers in woven crafts in Tulungagung Regency, especially in Sepatan Village, Gondang Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of ethnographic study. Data collection techniques in this study are the study of literature, observation, interviews, documentation, and field notes (field notes). The results showed that there were three number patterns in the process of making a solid. First, if the process of making an area starts from K1 B1 the number pattern formed is 1-1-2-3-1-1-2-3. Secondly, if the process of making an appearance starts from K3 B2 the pattern formed is 3-1-1-2-3-1-1-2. Third, if the process of making an area starts from K1 B3 the number pattern formed is 2-3-1-1-2-3-1-1. While the number patterns that are formed in the making process besek there are three patterns that are the first if the manufacturing process starts from K1 B1 the pattern formed is 2-3-1-1-3-2-1-1-3-2-1-1-2 -3-1-1. The two patterns that are formed when the manufacturing process starts from K2 B5 are 3-2-2-4-3-2-4-2-2-3. The three patterns that are formed when the manufacturing process starts from K4 B8 are 1-1-3-1-2-3-1-1-2 Secondly, if the process of making an appearance starts from K3 B2 the pattern formed is 3-1-1-2-3-1-1-2. Third, if the process of making an area starts from K1 B3 the number pattern formed is 2-3-1-1-2-3-1-1 etc. INDONESIA: Kerajinan anyaman jika dilihat dari wujudnya akan membentuk sebuah polapola yang teratur dan bahkan berulang, sehingga mengandung konsep matematika. Konsep matematika yang ada dalam kerajinan anyaman yaitu pola bilangan. Pola bilangan adalah suatu bilangan yang mempunyai aturan tertentu yang nantinya akan membentuk suatu barisan bilangan yang teratur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola bilangan pada kerajinan anyaman di Kabupaten Tulungagung khususnya di Desa Sepatan Kabupaten Gondang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian etnogrfi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan, observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan (field note). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga pola bilangan pada proses pembuatan tampah. Pertama apabila proses pembuatan tampah dimulai dari K1 B1 pola bilangan yang terbentuk adalah 1-1-2-3-1-1-2-3. Kedua apabila proses pembuatan tampah dimulai dari K3 B2 pola yang terbentuk adalah 3-1-1-2-3-1-1-2. Ketiga apabila proses pembuatan tampah dimulai dari K1 B3 pola bilangan yang terbentuk adalah 2-3-1-1-2-3-1-1. Sedangkan pola bilangan yang terbentuk pada proses pembuatan besek ada tiga pola yang pertama apabila proses pembuatan dimulai dari K1 B1 pola yang terbentuk adalah 2-3-1-1-3-2-1-1-3-2-1-1-2-3-1-1. Kedua pola yang terbentuk apabila proses pembuatan dimulai dari K2 B5 adalah 3-2-2-4-3-2-4-2-2-3. Ketiga pola yang terbentuk apabila proses pembuatan dimulai dari K4 B8 adalah1-1-3-1- 2-3-1-1-2 dan seterusnya