43 research outputs found

    Reconstructing terrestrial nutrient cycling using stable nitrogen isotopes in wood

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    Although recent anthropogenic effects on the global nitrogen (N) cycle have been significant, the consequences of increased anthropogenic N on terrestrial ecosystems are unclear. Studies of the impact of increased reactive N on forest ecosystems—impacts on hydrologic and gaseous loss pathways, retention capacity, and even net primary productivity— have been particularly limited by a lack of long-term baseline biogeochemical data. Stable nitrogen isotope analysis (ratio of Âč⁔N to Âč⁎N, termed ÎŽÂč⁔N) of wood chronologies offers the potential to address changes in ecosystem N cycling on millennial timescales and across broad geographic regions. Currently, nearly 50 studies have been published utilizing wood ÎŽÂč⁔N records; however, there are significant differences in study design and data interpretation. Here, we identify four categories of wood ÎŽÂč⁔N studies, summarize the common themes and primary findings of each category, identify gaps in the spatial and temporal scope of current wood ÎŽÂč⁔N chronologies, and synthesize methodological frameworks for future research by presenting eight suggestions for common methodological approaches and enhanced integration across studies. Wood ÎŽÂč⁔N records have the potential to provide valuable information for interpreting modern biogeochemical cycling. This review serves to advance the utility of this technique for long-term biogeochemical reconstructions

    A degenerate primer MOB typing (DPMT) method to classify gamma-proteobacterial plasmids in clinical and environmental settings

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    Transmissible plasmids are responsible for the spread of genetic determinants, such as antibiotic resistance or virulence traits, causing a large ecological and epidemiological impact. Transmissible plasmids, either conjugative or mobilizable, have in common the presence of a relaxase gene. Relaxases were previously classified in six protein families according to their phylogeny. Degenerate primers hybridizing to coding sequences of conserved amino acid motifs were designed to amplify related relaxase genes from Îł-Proteobacterial plasmids. Specificity and sensitivity of a selected set of 19 primer pairs were first tested using a collection of 33 reference relaxases, representing the diversity of Îł-Proteobacterial plasmids. The validated set was then applied to the analysis of two plasmid collections obtained from clinical isolates. The relaxase screening method, which we call "Degenerate Primer MOB Typing" or DPMT, detected not only most known Inc/Rep groups, but also a plethora of plasmids not previously assigned to any Inc group or Rep-type

    Effect of water stress on Berkane clementine yield and fruits quality: Towards a precision citrus growing

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    Cette Ă©tude consiste Ă  identifier la quantitĂ© d’eau d’irrigation optimale pour assurer une meilleure productivitĂ© du clĂ©mentinier de Berkane en utilisant la mĂ©thode d’irrigation dĂ©ficitaire continue. Trois doses d’irrigation rĂ©duites par rapport Ă  un tĂ©moin ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es. Dans le cas du tĂ©moin, la quantitĂ© d'eau d’irrigation utilisĂ©e est estimĂ©e Ă  partir de l’évapotranspiration de rĂ©fĂ©rence moyenne historique de la rĂ©gion et mise Ă  jour Ă  partir des donnĂ©es climatiques de la saison en cours (stratĂ©gie de l’agriculteur). Les trois doses Ă©tudiĂ©es correspondent Ă  80%, 60% et 50% de celle utilisĂ©e pour le tĂ©moin. Les rĂ©sultats prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cet article sont obtenus Ă  partir d’expĂ©rimentations rĂ©alisĂ©es en plein champs au niveau d’un jeune verger d’agrumes dans la plaine de Triffa (province de Berkane) pendant deux campagnes contrastĂ©es en termes de la pluviomĂ©trie : une campagne pluvieuse (2017-2018) et une autre au-dessous de la moyenne (2018-2019). Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que la rĂ©duction de la dose de l’irrigation a un effet significatif sur les diffĂ©rentes variables Ă©tudiĂ©es (rendement par arbre, poids et calibre du fuit, jus produit et taux de sucre). La rĂ©duction de 20% de la dose d’irrigation par rapport au tĂ©moin n’a pas d’effet significatif sur les variables prĂ©citĂ©es. Cette Ă©tude montre aussi que la sĂ©cheresse de la campagne agricole affecte le calibre du fruit malgrĂ© la stratĂ©gie de l’agrumiculteur qui consiste Ă  augmenter la dose d’irrigation pendant les mois d’avril, mai, juin et juillet. Cette stratĂ©gie doit donc ĂȘtre revue pour Ă©viter les pertes dues aux Ă©carts de triage au niveau des stations de conditionnement. Le control continu de l’humiditĂ© du sol au niveau de la zone racinaire des arbres et l’exploitation des nouvelles solutions offertes par l’agriculture de prĂ©cision devraient aider les agrumiculteurs Ă  amĂ©liorer leurs stratĂ©gies de prise de dĂ©cision.This study consists on identifying the optimal amount of irrigation water to ensure better productivity of Berkane clementine by using deficit irrigation method. Three degrees of irrigation restriction, compared to a control one, were studied. The amount of irrigation water used in the control treatment is estimated from the historical average reference evapotranspiration of the region, updated from the climate data of the current season (farmer's strategy). The amounts of irrigation water used for the three other treatments correspond to 80%, 60% and 50% of that used for the control. Presented results were obtained from an experimental study carried out on a young citrus orchard in Triffa plain (province of Berkane, Morocco) during two contrasting campaigns in term of annual rainfall: Rainy season (2017-2018) and dry season (2018 -2019). Obtained results showed that the amount of irrigation water has a significant effect on the different studied variables (yield, weight of the fruit, produced juice and total soluble solids). Also, reducing the amount of irrigation water by 20% compared to the control had no significant effect on the above-mentioned variables. Finally, this study showed that drought affects the size of the fruit despite the citrus grower's strategy contesting to increase the amount of irrigation water during the period of April-July. This strategy should therefore be reviewed to avoid losses due to fruits size at the packing stations. Continuous monitoring of soil moisture in the trees root zone and the exploitation of the new solutions offered by smart agriculture should help citrus growers to improve their decision-making strategies

    Effet du régime hydrique sur le rendement et la qualité de la clémentine de Berkane: vers une agrumiculture de précision

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    This study consists on identifying the optimal amount of irrigation water to ensure better productivity of Berkane clementine by using deficit irrigation method. Three degrees of irrigation restriction, compared to a control one, were studied. The amount of irrigation water used in the control treatment is estimated from the historical average reference evapotranspiration of the region, updated from the climate data of the current season (farmer's strategy). The amounts of irrigation water used for the three other treatments correspond to 80%, 60% and 50% of that used for the control. Presented results were obtained from an experimental study carried out on a young citrus orchard in Triffa plain (province of Berkane, Morocco) during two contrasting campaigns in term of annual rainfall: Rainy season (2017-2018) and dry season (2018 -2019). Obtained results showed that the amount of irrigation water has a significant effect on the different studied variables (yield, weight of the fruit, produced juice and total soluble solids). Also, reducing the amount of irrigation water by 20% compared to the control had no significant effect on the above-mentioned variables. Finally, this study showed that drought affects the size of the fruit despite the citrus grower's strategy contesting to increase the amount of irrigation water during the period of April-July. This strategy should therefore be reviewed to avoid losses due to fruits size at the packing stations. Continuous monitoring of soil moisture in the trees root zone and the exploitation of the new solutions offered by smart agriculture should help citrus growers to improve their decision-making strategies.Cette Ă©tude consiste Ă  identifier la quantitĂ© d’eau d’irrigation optimale pour assurer une meilleure productivitĂ© du clĂ©mentinier de Berkane en utilisant la mĂ©thode d’irrigation dĂ©ficitaire continue. Trois doses d’irrigation rĂ©duites par rapport Ă  un tĂ©moin ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es. Dans le cas du tĂ©moin, la quantitĂ© d'eau d’irrigation utilisĂ©e est estimĂ©e Ă  partir de l’évapotranspiration de rĂ©fĂ©rence moyenne historique de la rĂ©gion et mise Ă  jour Ă  partir des donnĂ©es climatiques de la saison en cours (stratĂ©gie de l’agriculteur). Les trois doses Ă©tudiĂ©es correspondent Ă  80%, 60% et 50% de celle utilisĂ©e pour le tĂ©moin. Les rĂ©sultats prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cet article sont obtenus Ă  partir d’expĂ©rimentations rĂ©alisĂ©es en plein champs au niveau d’un jeune verger d’agrumes dans la plaine de Triffa (province de Berkane) pendant deux campagnes contrastĂ©es en termes de la pluviomĂ©trie : une campagne pluvieuse (2017-2018) et une autre au-dessous de la moyenne (2018-2019). Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que la rĂ©duction de la dose de l’irrigation a un effet significatif sur les diffĂ©rentes variables Ă©tudiĂ©es (rendement par arbre, poids et calibre du fuit, jus produit et taux de sucre). La rĂ©duction de 20% de la dose d’irrigation par rapport au tĂ©moin n’a pas d’effet significatif sur les variables prĂ©citĂ©es. Cette Ă©tude montre aussi que la sĂ©cheresse de la campagne agricole affecte le calibre du fruit malgrĂ© la stratĂ©gie de l’agrumiculteur qui consiste Ă  augmenter la dose d’irrigation pendant les mois d’avril, mai, juin et juillet. Cette stratĂ©gie doit donc ĂȘtre revue pour Ă©viter les pertes dues aux Ă©carts de triage au niveau des stations de conditionnement. Le control continu de l’humiditĂ© du sol au niveau de la zone racinaire des arbres et l’exploitation des nouvelles solutions offertes par l’agriculture de prĂ©cision devraient aider les agrumiculteurs Ă  amĂ©liorer leurs stratĂ©gies de prise de dĂ©cision
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