Assessing trauma in a transcultural context: Challenges in mental health care with immigrants and refugees

The growing numbers of refugees and immigrants from conflict-prone areas settling throughout the world bring several challenges for those working in the mental health care system. Immigrants and refugees of all ages arrive with complex and nuanced mental health histories of war, torture, and strenuous migration journeys. Many of the challenges of addressing the health care needs for this growing population of immigrants and refugees are often unfamiliar, and thus practices to address these challenges are not yet routine for care providers and health care organizations. In particular, complex trauma can make mental health assessments difficult for health care organizations or care providers with limited experience and training in transcultural or trauma-informed care. Using a transcultural approach can improve assessment and screening processes, leading to more effective and high-quality care for immigrant and refugee families experiencing mental health disorders. This paper presents findings from an assessment of current mental health services focusing on current practices and experiences with immigrant and refugee patients and families. The difficulties in developing shared understandings about mental health can hinder the therapeutic process; therefore, it is imperative to ensure an effective assessment right from the beginning, yet there is limited use of existing cultural formulation tools from the DSM-IV or DSM-5. The paper outlines current practices, approaches, challenges, and recommendations shared by mental health care providers and program leaders in addressing the mental health care needs of immigrants and refugees. The results from this study demonstrate that there are many challenges and inconsistencies in providing transcultural, trauma-informed care. Respondents emphasized the need for a thorough yet flexible and adaptive approach that allows for an exploration of differences in cultural interpretations of mental health. Our study concluded that ensuring a mindful, reflexive, transcultural, and trauma-informed health care workforce, and a learning environment to support staff with education, resources, and tools will improve the health care experiences of immigrants and refugees in the mental health care system

Diversification Benefits of Shari’ah Compliant Equity ETFs in Emerging Markets

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Previous studies on the performance of Islamic finance and banking have been more comparative than experimental when it comes to the role and effect of Islamic (Shari'ah compliant) assets in a conventional setting. This paper investigates whether Shari'ah compliant exchange-traded funds (ETFs) have potential diversification benefits to a volatile portfolio of conventional investments in emerging markets. The results suggest that such assets not only improve the risk-adjusted returns of portfolios but also receive proportionally higher weight during crisis periods. Hence, institutional investors should consider the ‘religion effect’ when they manage their assets, given the evidence regarding the outperformance of Shari'ah compliant equity relative to their conventional peers

Hidden cointegration reveals hidden values in Islamic investments

We explore long-run relationships between Islamic and conventional equity indices for the period 2000–2014. We adopt a hidden co-integration technique to decompose the series into positive and negative components; thus allowing the investigation of the indices during upward and downward markets. We find evidence of bi-directional dynamics during upward, downward and some mixed market movements. However, after adding control variables to our models, only the relationship for the negative components retains its significance; indicating that the Islamic index is the least responsive during bad times. This highlights the robust nature of Islamic investments and a possible differentiated investor reaction to financial information during market downtrends. Implications for practitioners are highlighted in a case study

Short positions, size effect, and the liquidity hypothesis: implications for stock performance

This study focuses on the relationship between short interest and subsequent stock returns. It also deals with the question of whether this relationship itself is attributable to firm size. In this context, this study investigates: (1) whether short sellers are correct in their predictions and whether these predictions can benefit other investors, (2) whether returns on short positions are related to firm size, and (3) whether the liquidity hypothesis or the differential information hypothesis can explain the relationship between firm size and short selling. The results support the notion that short sellers made correct predictions of price movements during the sampling period, 1986-1990. The results also show that following the monthly report of short interests, investors can still earn higher returns on shorted stocks, especially the small ones. Finally, the results maintain that short interest positions on less-liquid overpriced small stocks are more profitable than more-liquid overpriced large stocks, thus supporting the liquidity hypothesis. Overall these findings do not display seasonal differences, especially in January.

The expected favourableness of dividend signals, the direction of dividend change and the signalling role of dividend announcements

This paper proposes that corporate private information is transmitted to the market in two complementary phases. The accounting information is released first, followed by a dividend change announcement. Hence, investors assess the dividend signal only after consideration of accounting information. The analysis suggests that the dividend signal has three components: the expected favourableness of a dividend signal (good, bad, or ambiguous), the direction of dividend change (+ or -) and the role of the dividend signal (confirmatory, clarificatory or unclear) in clearing corporate uncertainty. The mechanism of classifying the signal according to the three components is presented and tested. Consistent with the dividend literature, dividend change announcements are found to influence share prices. Also, the role of dividend signals has a distinguishable effect on the firm's share price. Nevertheless, the expected favourableness of a dividend signal emerges as the dominant factor among the three signalling components.