Hand erosive osteoarthritis and distal interphalangeal involvement in psoriatic arthritis: the place of conservative therapy

Hand erosive osteoarthritis (HEOA) and Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) with DIP involvement are common diseases affecting the hand. Both of them evolve with a progressive limitation in grip due to limited range of motion of the affected joints and stenosing tenosynovitis. Pharmacological options currently available (corticosteroids and clodronate or Idrossicloroquine) for the treatment of EHOA are mostly symptomatic and currently there are no effective drugs able to modify the course of the disease. In addition, data on drug effectiveness of PsA with DIP involvement are lacking. Conservative therapy should be considered in order to reduce pain and improve hand functionality. There are many studies debating a wide range of non-pharmacological intervention in the management of HEOA: joint protection program, range of motion and strengthening exercise, hand exercise with electromagnetic therapy, application of heat with paraffin wax or balneotherapy, occupational therapy and education. Concerning conservative treatment strategies to treat PsA, on the contrary, current evidence is still weak. Further research is needed to find the correct place of physical therapy to prevent stiffness and ankylosis due to the vicious circle of inflammation-pain-immobility-rigidity

Influência da aplicação de NPK e calcário sobre o crescimento da erva- mate, severidade da podridão-de-raízes e população fúngica do solo

The present work evaluated the influence of the application of NPK and liming doses in the soil, on the growth of Erva-mate, the severity of rot-root and the fungi population of the soil. To do so, an experiment was installed at the green house, in the Forest Nursery of UFSM, using an experimental design completely randomized factorial 4x3x4 (Factor F: Fusarium spp. inoculation; Factor C: soil limestone; Factor A: NPK doses) , totaling 48 treatments. The seedlings were cultivated in vases containing 2 kg of soil, classified as ‘Red-Yellow Argisoil’ (clay soil). At the end of the experiment was measured the stem diameter, height of the aerial part, leaves number, aerial dry biomass, root dry biomass and total dry biomass of the seedlings. Also, the soil was collected, from each treatment, for the chemical analysis and the counting of the fungi population. It was observed that the association among application of NPK and liming in the soil hampered the development of Erva-mate seedlings. The analysis of some variables suggests that the limestone absence provided greater resistance of seedlings to the attack of Fusarium spp. or the severity of Fusarium spp. was reduced in lower pH. The fungi population of the soil presented varied behavior depending on the applied treatments.Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da aplicação de diferentes doses de NPK e calcário sobre o crescimento da Erva-mate, a severidade da Podridão-de-raízes e a população fúngica do solo. Para isso, foi instalado um experimento em casa de vegetação, no Viveiro Florestal da UFSM, utilizando um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 4x3x4 (Fator F: inoculação de Fusarium spp.; Fator C: calagem do solo; Fator A: doses de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio), totalizando 48 tratamentos. As mudas foram cultivadas em vasos contendo 2 kg de solo, classificado como Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Ao final do experimento foram medidos o diâmetro do colo, a altura a partir do colo, número de folhas, biomassa seca aérea, radicular e biomassa total das mudas. Também foi coletado solo, de cada tratamento, para análise química e contagem da população fúngica. Foi observado que a associação entre adubação NPK e calagem do solo prejudicou o desenvolvimento das mudas de Erva-mate. Pela análise de algumas variáveis sugere-se que a ausência de calagem proporcionou maior resistência às mudas ao ataque de Fusarium spp. ou, a severidade de Fusarium spp. foi diminuída em pH mais baixo. A população fúngica do solo apresentou comportamento variado em função dos tratamentos aplicados

Effect of NPK and lime application on root-rot of erva-mate seedlings

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de nitrogênio, potássio e fósforo e da calagem do solo sobre a incidência e severidade da podridão-de-raízes da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado fatorial (4x3x4). Os níveis dos fatores consistiram na inoculação ou não de Fusarium solani e Fusarium oxysporum (Fator F), em doses de calcário (Fator C) e NPK (Fator A) acima e abaixo do recomendado para a espécie. As mudas foram cultivadas em vasos de polietileno contendo 2 kg de solo, mantidas em condições de casa de vegetação. A aplicação dos nutrientes foi baseada na análise química do solo, utilizando-se NH4NO2, P2O5 e KCl e calcário dolomítico como fontes de nutrientes. A inoculação dos isolados de Fusarium ocorreu quando as mudas estavam com cinco meses, mediante a incorporação no solo de uma suspensão de esporos. Foi observado que a aplicação de NPK e calcário contribuiu para a maior severidade dos sintomas da podridão-de-raízes da Erva-mate, sendo que, a menor manifestação de sintomas ocorreu com a aplicação de 50% da recomendação de NPK para a Erva-mate, sem aplicação de calcário.Palavras-chave: Controle de doenças; Ilex paraguariensis; nutrição de plantas; proteção florestal. AbstractEffect of NPK and lime application on root-rot of erva-mate seedlings. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of different dosages of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus and liming on the incidence and severity of erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) root-rot. The experimental design  was an entirely randomized factorial (4x3x4). The factors levels consisted in the inoculation or not of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum (Factor F), in lime (Factor C) and NPK dosages (Factor A) above and below the levels recommended for the species. The seedlings were cultivated in polypropylene vases containing 2 kg of soil, under greenhouse conditions. The nutrients application was based on the soil chemical analysis, with the utilization of NH4NO2, P2O5, and KCl and dolomite lime as nutrient sources. The inoculation of Fusarium isolates was performed when the seedlings were five months old, by soil incorporation of a spores suspension. It was observed that the NPK and lime application contributed to the highest severity of the erva-mate rot-root symptoms, and the smallest symptoms were observed with the application of 50% of the NPK recommended for the species, without lime application.Keywords: Disease control; Ilex paraguariensis; plant nutrition; forest protection.The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of different dosages of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus and liming on the incidence and severity of erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) root-rot. The experimental design  was an entirely randomized factorial (4x3x4). The factors levels consisted in the inoculation or not of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum (Factor F), in lime (Factor C) and NPK dosages (Factor A) above and below the levels recommended for the species. The seedlings were cultivated in polypropylene vases containing 2 kg of soil, under greenhouse conditions. The nutrients application was based on the soil chemical analysis, with the utilization of NH4NO2, P2O5, and KCl and dolomite lime as nutrient sources. The inoculation of Fusarium isolates was performed when the seedlings were five months old, by soil incorporation of a spores suspension. It was observed that the NPK and lime application contributed to the highest severity of the erva-mate rot-root symptoms, and the smallest symptoms were observed with the application of 50% of the NPK recommended for the species, without lime application

BNC2 is a putative tumor suppressor gene in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and impacts cell survival after oxidative stress

Rs3814113 is the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) showing the strongest association with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) incidence and is located in an intergenic region about 44\u2009kb downstream of basonuclin 2 (BNC2) gene. Lifetime number of ovulations is associated with increased risk to develop HGSOC, probably because of cell damage of extrauterine M\ufcllerian epithelium by ovulation-induced oxidative stress. However, the impact of low-penetrance HGSOC risk alleles (e.g. rs3814113) on the damage induced by oxidative stress remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether rs3814113 genetic interval regulates BNC2 expression and whether BNC2 expression levels impact on cell survival after oxidative stress. To do this, we analyzed gene expression levels of BNC2 first in HGSOC data sets and then in an isogenic cell line that we engineered to carry a 5\u2009kb deletion around rs3814113. Finally, we silenced BNC2 and measured surviving cells after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment to simulate oxidative stress after ovulation. In this paper, we describe that BNC2 expression levels are reduced in HGSOC samples compared with control samples, and that BNC2 expression levels decrease following oxidative stress and ovulation in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, deletion of 5\u2009kb surrounding rs3814113 decreases BNC2 expression levels in an isogenic cell line, and silencing of BNC2 expression levels increases cell survival after H2O2 treatment. Altogether, our findings suggest that the intergenic region located around rs3814113 regulates BNC2 expression, which in turn affects cell survival after oxidative stress response. Indeed, HGSOC samples present lower BNC2 expression levels that probably, in the initial phases of oncogenic transformation, conferred resistance to oxidative stress and ultimately reduced the clearance of cells with oxidative-induced damages

Influence of NPK and lime aplication on erva-mate growth, root-rot severity and soil fungi population

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influ\ueancia da aplica\ue7\ue3o de diferentes doses de NPK e calc\ue1rio sobre o crescimento da Erva-mate, a severidade da Podrid\ue3o-de-ra\uedzes e a popula\ue7\ue3o f\ufangica do solo. Para isso, foi instalado um experimento em casa de vegeta\ue7\ue3o, no Viveiro Florestal da UFSM, utilizando um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 4x3x4 (Fator F: inocula\ue7\ue3o de Fusarium spp.; Fator C: calagem do solo; Fator A: doses de nitrog\ueanio, f\uf3sforo e pot\ue1ssio), totalizando 48 tratamentos. As mudas foram cultivadas em vasos contendo 2 kg de solo, classificado como Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Ao final do experimento foram medidos o di\ue2metro do colo, a altura a partir do colo, n\ufamero de folhas, biomassa seca a\ue9rea, radicular e biomassa total das mudas. Tamb\ue9m foi coletado solo, de cada tratamento, para an\ue1lise qu\uedmica e contagem da popula\ue7\ue3o f\ufangica. Foi observado que a associa\ue7\ue3o entre aduba\ue7\ue3o NPK e calagem do solo prejudicou o desenvolvimento das mudas de Erva-mate. Pela an\ue1lise de algumas vari\ue1veis sugere-se que a aus\ueancia de calagem proporcionou maior resist\ueancia \ue0s mudas ao ataque de Fusarium spp. ou, a severidade de Fusarium spp. foi diminu\uedda em pH mais baixo. A popula\ue7\ue3o f\ufangica do solo apresentou comportamento variado em fun\ue7\ue3o dos tratamentos aplicados.The present work evaluated the influence of the application of NPK and liming doses in the soil, on the growth of Erva-mate, the severity of rot-root and the fungi population of the soil. To do so, an experiment was installed at the green house, in the Forest Nursery of UFSM, using an experimental design completely randomized factorial 4x3x4 (Factor F: Fusarium spp. inoculation; Factor C: soil limestone; Factor A: NPK doses) , totaling 48 treatments. The seedlings were cultivated in vases containing 2 kg of soil, classified as \u2018Red-Yellow Argisoil\u2019 (clay soil). At the end of the experiment was measured the stem diameter, height of the aerial part, leaves number, aerial dry biomass, root dry biomass and total dry biomass of the seedlings. Also, the soil was collected, from each treatment, for the chemical analysis and the counting of the fungi population. It was observed that the association among application of NPK and liming in the soil hampered the development of Erva-mate seedlings. The analysis of some variables suggests that the limestone absence provided greater resistance of seedlings to the attack of Fusarium spp. or the severity of Fusariumspp. was reduced in lower pH. The fungi population of the soil presented varied behavior depending on the applied treatments

Primeira ocorrência de Pythium sp. e Rhizoctonia sp. causando podridão-de-raízes em ervais no Rio Grande do Sul.

In 2004, some plantations of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. In Taquari Valley, state of Rio Grande do Sul, started presenting growth stagnation, yellowing, leaf drop and necrosis in the root system, typical symptoms of root rot. Roots samples were collected in farms of two cities and sent for analysis at the Plant Disease Laboratory at the Department of Plant Protection/CCR/UFSM. The presence of Rhizoctonia and Pythium was diagnosed and these were pathogenic when inoculated in plants of erva-mate. This is the first observation of these two fungi causing root rot in erva-mate plantations in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.Em 2004, algumas plantações de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) do Vale do Taquari, RS, apresentaram estagnação do crescimento, amarelecimento, queda de folhas e necrose no sistema radicular, sintomas típicos da podridão-de-raízes. Amostras de raízes de plantas foram coletadas, em propriedades dos municípios de Ilópolis e Putinga, e enviadas ao Laboratório de Fitopatologia do Departamento de Defesa Sanitária/CCR/UFSM para análise fitopatológica. Foi constatada a presença de fungos dos gêneros Rhizoctonia e Pythium e estes se mostraram patogênicos quando inoculados em plantas de erva-mate. É a primeira constatação desses dois fungos causando podridão-de-raízes em ervais no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Zoneamento e identificação de Fusarium spp. causadores de podridão de raízes em plantios de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) na região do vale do Taquarí, RS.

In 2004, symptoms of root rot disease were observed in erva-mate plantings in high areas of Region Taquari Valley, RS. With the help of EMATER, the municipal districts presenting plantings with symptoms were surveyed. In 10% of the affected plantings, root samples were collected and sent for analysis at the Plant Disease Laboratory at the Department of Plant Protection/CCR/UFSM. Five different species of at fungus Fusarium associated with the disease were isolated and identified: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium decemcellulare, Fusarium tabacinum and Fusarium tricinctum. All species were pathogenic when inoculated in erva-mate plants (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.). At the moment of sampling, information about the management of the erva-mate plantings was obtained and the similarity between the symptoms presented in erva-mate and in agronomic crops discussed, as well as hypotheses on the origin of the inoculum of Fusarium spp. that infected the erva-mate plantings.Em 2004, foram constatados sintomas da doença podridão-de-raízes em ervais nos municípios da região alta do Vale do Taquari, RS. Com o auxílio de técnicos da EMATER, fez-se um levantamento dos municípios que possuíam ervais com sintomas. Em 10% dos ervais afetados, coletaram-se amostras de raízes que foram enviadas para análise no Laboratório de Fitopatologia pertencente ao Departamento de Defesa Sanitária/CCR/UFSM. Foram isoladas e identificadas cinco diferentes espécies do fungo Fusarium associadas à doença: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium decemcellulare, Fusarium tabacinum e Fusarium tricinctum. Todas as espécies se mostraram patogênicas quando inoculadas em plantas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.). No momento da coleta das amostras, levantaram-se informações sobre o manejo do erval e discutiu-se a similaridade entre os sintomas apresentados na erva-mate e em culturas agronômicas bem como hipóteses sobre a origem do inóculo de Fusarium spp. que proporcionou a contaminação dos ervais

ZONING AND IDENTIFICATION OF Fusarium spp. CAUSING ROOT ROT IN ERVA-MATE PLANTINGS ( Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) IN THE VALLEY REGION OF TAQUARI, RS

Em 2004, foram constatados sintomas da doen\ue7a podrid\ue3o-de-ra\uedzes em ervais nos munic\uedpios da regi\ue3o alta do Vale do Taquari, RS. Com o aux\uedlio de t\ue9cnicos da EMATER, fez-se um levantamento dos munic\uedpios que possu\uedam ervais com sintomas. Em 10% dos ervais afetados, coletaram-se amostras de ra\uedzes que foram enviadas para an\ue1lise no Laborat\uf3rio de Fitopatologia pertencente ao Departamento de Defesa Sanit\ue1ria/CCR/UFSM. Foram isoladas e identificadas cinco diferentes esp\ue9cies do fungo Fusarium associadas \ue0 doen\ue7a: Fusarium oxysporum , Fusarium solani , Fusarium decemcellulare , Fusarium tabacinum e Fusarium tricinctum . Todas as esp\ue9cies se mostraram patog\ueanicas quando inoculadas em plantas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.). No momento da coleta das amostras, levantaram-se informa\ue7\uf5es sobre o manejo do erval e discutiu-se a similaridade entre os sintomas apresentados na erva-mate e em culturas agron\uf4micas bem como hip\uf3teses sobre a origem do in\uf3culo de Fusarium spp. que proporcionou a contamina\ue7\ue3o dos ervais.In 2004, symptoms of root rot disease were observed in erva-mate plantings in high areas of Region Taquari Valley, RS. With the help of EMATER, the municipal districts presenting plantings with symptoms were surveyed. In 10% of the affected plantings, root samples were collected and sent for analysis at the Plant Disease Laboratory at the Department of Plant Protection/CCR/UFSM. Five different species of at fungus Fusarium associated with the disease were isolated and identified: Fusarium oxysporum , Fusarium solani , Fusarium decemcellulare , Fusarium tabacinum and Fusarium tricinctum . All species were pathogenic when inoculated in erva-mate plants (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.). At the moment of sampling, information about the management of the erva-mate plantings was obtained and the similarity between the symptoms presented in erva-mate and in agronomic crops discussed, as well as hypotheses on the origin of the inoculum of Fusarium spp. that infected the erva-mate plantings

Limited role of spatial selfstructuring in emergent trade-offs during pathogen evolution

Pathogen transmission and virulence are main evolutionary variables broadly assumed to be linked through trade-offs. In well-mixed populations, these trade-offs are often ascribed to physiological restrictions, while populations with spatial self-structuring might evolve emergent trade-offs. Here, we reexamine a spatially-explicit, SIR model of the latter kind proposed by Ballegooijen and Boerlijst with the aim of characterising the mechanisms causing the emergence of the trade-off and its structural robustness. Using invadability criteria, we establish the conditions under which an evolutionary feedback between transmission and virulence mediated by pattern formation can poise the system to a critical boundary separating a disordered state (without emergent trade-off) from a self-structured phase (where the trade-off emerges), and analytically calculate the functional shape of the boundary in a certain approximation. Beyond evolutionary parameters, the success of an invasion depends on the size and spatial structure of the invading and invaded populations. Spatial self-structuring is often destroyed when hosts are mobile, changing the evolutionary dynamics to those of a well-mixed population. In a metapopulation scenario, the systematic extinction of the pathogen in the disordered phase may counteract the disruptive effect of host mobility, favour pattern formation and therefore recover the emergent trade-off.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad and FEDER funds of the EU through grants ViralESS (FIS2014-57686-P and FIS2017-84256-P). The internship of VB was financed by the Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence Program (SEV-2013-0347)