Contributo para o estudo das plantas vasculares endémicas da Ilha das Flores (Açores).

IV Expedição Científica do Departamento de Biologia – Flores 1989.Conforme mostra MALATO-BELIZ (1988), o número de taxa vasculares endémicos nas ilhas dos Açores varia entre um máximo de 62 taxa (ilha de S. Miguel) e um mínimo de 11 taxa endémicos na ilha Graciosa. A pequena ilha das Flores com 51 taxa endémicos ultrapassa claramente neste particular as ilhas Graciosa (11), S. Maria (35) e Corvo (37) e quase iguala em número de espécies endémicas ilhas bastante maiores como a Terceira (55) e o Faial (55). Não admira pois que em termos da relação "nº taxa endémicos/unidade de superfície (Km2)" a ilha das Flores com 0,357 end./Km2, apenas seja ultrapassada por S. Maria (0,360 end./ Km2) e pelo Corvo (2,126 end./Km2), 0 valor médio para o arquipélago situa-se apenas nos 0,184 end./Km2. A explicação para esta relativa riqueza em espécies endémicas da ilha das Flores fica sem dúvida a dever-se à grande diversidade de biótopos que ela possui e à existência de algumas manchas vegetais menos alteradas pelo homem

Metabolic responses to high pCO2 conditions at a CO2 vent site in juveniles of a marine isopod species assemblage

We are starting to understand the relationship between metabolic rate responses and species' ability to respond to exposure to high pCO2. However, most of our knowledge has come from investigations of single species. The examination of metabolic responses of closely related species with differing distributions around natural elevated CO2 areas may be useful to inform our understanding of their adaptive significance. Furthermore, little is known about the physiological responses of marine invertebrate juveniles to high pCO2, despite the fact they are known to be sensitive to other stressors, often acting as bottlenecks for future species success. We conducted an in situ transplant experiment using juveniles of isopods found living inside and around a high pCO2 vent (Ischia, Italy): the CO2 'tolerant' Dynamene bifida and 'sensitive' Cymodoce truncata and Dynamene torelliae. This allowed us to test for any generality of the hypothesis that pCO2 sensitive marine invertebrates may be those that experience trade-offs between energy metabolism and cellular homoeostasis under high pCO2 conditions. Both sensitive species were able to maintain their energy metabolism under high pCO2 conditions, but in C. truncata this may occur at the expense of [carbonic anhydrase], confirming our hypothesis. By comparison, the tolerant D. bifida appeared metabolically well adapted to high pCO2, being able to upregulate ATP production without recourse to anaerobiosis. These isopods are important keystone species; however, given they differ in their metabolic responses to future pCO2, shifts in the structure of the marine ecosystems they inhabit may be expected under future ocean acidification conditions

Slavery and the african cultural legacy in the Caribbean

Con autorización de la editorial para este libro.[EN] The purpose of this book is to raise awareness among a wide audience of one of the most significant and shameful phenomena for humanity, as was the enslavement of over twelve and a half million Africans who were brought to America and forced to work and live as slaves. Many countries participated in the slave trade at different times and withvaried intensity (Great Britain, Portugal, France, Spain, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, United States...).[ES] El propósito de esta obra es dar a conocer a un público amplio uno de los fenómenos de mayor trascendencia y vergüenza para la humanidad como fue la esclavización de más de doce millones y medio de africanos que fueron trasladados a América, obligados a trabajar y vivir como esclavos. Muchos países participaron en la trata de esclavos en distintos momentos y con diferente intensidad (Gran Bretaña, Portugal, Francia, España, Dinamarca, Países Bajos, Alemania, Estados Unidos…).Connected Worlds: The Caribbean, Origin of Modern World. This project has received funding from the European Union´s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement Nº 823846. This project is directed by professor Consuelo Naranjo Orovio, Institute of History-CSIC.Peer reviewe

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presentedThis work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. It has been partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Inovación y Universidades of Spain under projects ENE2013-48109-P, ENE2015-70142-P and FIS2017-88892-P. It has also received funds from the Spanish Government via mobility grant PRX17/00425. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum and the technical support provided by the Barcelona S.C. It has been supported as well by The Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU), Project P-507F

Impacto de la biofertilización en la calidad de la frutilla

La producción de frutilla (Fragaria x ananassa) es una de la más importantes entre los berries cultivados en Argentina, superando las 1950 ha implantadas. Tucumán es la segunda provincia productora de frutilla, con 510 ha cultivadas en 2022. La investigación de las distintas tecnologías de manejo proporcionará una base teórica para mejorar la eficacia de producción y ofrecer alternativas de prácticas sostenibles. Al manejo convencional de los cultivos se incorporó el uso de bioinsumos al tratarse de opciones ecológicamente deseables. Los biofertilizantes son todo aquellos que con la ayuda de microorganismos benéficos poseen gran capacidad de transformar compuestos presentes en la materia orgánica y así contribuyen con las exigencias de las plantas mejorando a su vez la calidad del suelo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el impacto de los biofertilizantes en la calidad de la frutilla. El ensayo se realizó en lotes experimentales de INTA Famaillá, Tucumán, en 2022. Se evaluó el impacto de los tratamientos T1: 100% fertilización (química) convencional (urea, fosfato diamónico, nitrato de calcio, nitrato de potasio, sulfato de potasio, sulfato de magnesio y ácido fosfórico), T2: 50% de fertilizantes químicos (idem T1) + biofertilizantes (consorcio microbiano, Azospirillum argentinense y ácidos húmicos), y T3 100% biofertilizantes (idem T2), aplicados por fertirriego 3 veces/semana, sobre la calidad del cultivar Fronteras. Las muestras de frutos se extrajeron el 31/8, 12/9 y 3/10. Para el análisis, de cada tratamiento se tomaron tres muestras de 15 frutos de calidad comercial cada una. Los indicadores de calidad evaluados fueron peso individual del fruto (P) mediante balanza granataria, firmeza (F) con penetrómetro manual, sólidos solubles totales (SST) con refractómetro ATAGO, acidez titulable (AT) por titulación con NaOH hasta pH 8,1 de 10 g de jugo en 100 ml de agua destilada, y ratio (SST/AT). Los datos se analizaron con ANOVA y test DGC (comparación de medias). Los resultados indicaron que las frutillas cosechadas el 31/8 mostraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos (p < 0,005). P fue superior en T2 (25,4 g), F en T2 y T3 (2,9 N) fue superior que en T1 (2,7 N). Los SST más altos se encontraron en T1 (9,5 °Bx), versus T2 y T3 (8,6 °Bx). En AT, T2 (0,5%) fue inferior (p < 0,05) a T1 y T3. En cuanto al ratio, T2 tuvo el mejor valor (seguido de T1 y T3). Las estrategias de manejo mixto permitieron reducir 50% la dosis de fertilizantes químicos, lo cual influyó positivamente en la calidad del fruto. La fertilización química complementada con la biofertilización contribuye a la sostenibilidad del agroecosistema frutilla.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Evaluación de la calidad del fruto de diferentes cultivares de frutilla producidos en el Noroeste Argentino

A nivel global, las expectativas cambiantes de los consumidores están impulsando una creciente demanda de productos más saludables y sustentables. En un mercado con mayores exigencias, los nuevos cultivares deben tener mejor calidad organoléptica, composición nutricional y vida poscosecha. La calidad del fruto en frutilla (Fragaria x ananassa) depende del genotipo, del ambiente y del manejo pre y poscosecha. Con este antecedente, se realizó un estudio cuyo objetivo fue determinar la calidad del fruto de los 14 cultivares de frutilla de mayor difusión en el noroeste argentino. Los cultivares evaluados fueron: Cristal (CL), Sayulita (SY), Savana (SV), Sahara (SH), Ricas (RI), Salma (SL), Sabrina (SB), Fronteras (FR), Petaluma (PE), Monterey (MO), Benicia (BE), Rábida (RA), Rociera (RO) y San Andreas (SA). Para el análisis, de cada cultivar se tomaron 3 muestras de 30 frutos, de calidad comercial, cada una. Se midieron los siguientes parámetros: acidez total (AT), contenido de sólidos solubles totales (SST), peso individual del fruto (P) y firmeza (F). Los datos se analizaron con ANOVA, y se realizó test DGC para comparación de medias. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los distintos cultivares para todos los parámetros evaluados. Así en AT, el mayor % de ácido cítrico se observó en CL (0,74) mientras que los valores más bajos se presentaron en FR y BE (0,57) y el resto de los cultivares con valores intermedios (0,64). Respecto a los SST, los cultivares RO, SA, PE, RA y SH (9,4 a 9,0 °Brix) presentaron los mayores valores (p < 0,05), mientras que FR, SA, SL, MO, RI y SY los valores más bajos (8,9 a 8,4 °Brix). P promedio fue superior (p < 0,05) en PE (25,36 g) y BE (26,28 g), intermedio en RO, MO, FR, RI, SA, y SL (22,28 - 19,02 g) y bajo en SH, CL, RA, SA, SV y SB (15,05 a 17,37 g) (p < 0,005). Los niveles de F más bajos los presentaron los frutos de las variedades SA (2,7 N) y FR (2, 8 N), mientras que en el resto de los cultivares F fue superior (2,9 a 3,3 N) (p < 0,05). Bajo idénticas condiciones agroecológicas y nutricionales, se observan diferencias en la calidad de la fruta de los diferentes cultivares lo que permitirá al productor elegir en función de las preferencias del mercado o destino de la fruta. Estos resultados se complementarán con estudios relacionados con la vida de poscosecha de frutilla.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

social objects from intentionality to documentality

What keeps society together? A popular answer has been that collective intentionality lies at the bottom of all manifestations of social reality. Several problems and criticisms have arisen against such a view in the very recent literature. An alternative approach replaces the notion of collective intentionality with the notion of “documentality”: the basis of social reality is the inscription of acts. The multifariousness of perspectives and topics addressed in the present volume witnesses the great vitality of the debate. Our guess is that such vitality is destined to increase in parallel to, and partly because of, the progressive complexification of contemporary societies

Factors Affecting Fruit Quality in Strawberries Grown in a Subtropical Environment

Variations of strawberry fruit quality due to year, harvest date, cultivar, and nutrition were studied in Tucumán, Argentina. ‘Camarosa’, ‘Camino Real’, ‘Candonga’, and ‘Ventana’ were fertilized with “C” (control; 120 kg N/ha, 70 kg P2O5/ha, 220 kg K2O/ha, 40 kg CaO/ha, and 20 kg MgO/ha) and “1.5C” in 2006, “C”, “1.33C”, and “1.66C” in 2007, and “C”, “1.5C”, and “2C” in 2008, without affecting fruit quality. Fruit weight decreased with temperature and crop load. Firmness decreased with rainfall and temperature. Redness increased with temperature and decreased with rainfall. Soluble solids content decreased with crop load. Titratable acidity increased with temperature.EEA FamailláFil: Agüero, Juan José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá. División Frutihorticultura; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá. División Frutihorticultura; ArgentinaFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá. División Frutihorticultura; ArgentinaFil: Jerez, Elena Fanny. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá. División Frutihorticultura; Argentin

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presented.ISSN:0029-5515ISSN:1741-432