Determination of chemical composition, and storage on dried fermented goat milk product (Oggtt)

A sample of dried fermented goat milk product (Oggtt) obtained from the local market of Riyadh city in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, was stored for 6 months at 4 °C and subjected to chemical composition analysis before and after storage. The result showed that the sample moisture increased significantly (P ⩽ 0.05) after storage from 7% to 10%, total ash decreased non-significantly (P ⩽ 0.05) from 8% to 7.6%, total carbohydrates decreased non-significantly (P ⩽ 0.05) from 35.5% to 33.8%, protein increased non-significantly (P ⩽ 0.05) from 16 to 16.1 g/l, fat content was found to have the same values in all samples before and after storage at 5%, lactose increased (P ⩽ 0.05) non-significantly from 28.4% to 29%, acidity decreased (P ⩽ 0.05) significantly from 0.45% to 0.39%, and pH decreased (P ⩽ 0.05) non-significantly from 4.3% to 4%. On the other hand, mineral composition showed (P ⩽ 0.05) non-significant results before and after storage. Ca concentration decreased from 118 to 1149 mg/kg and K concentration increased from 185.8 to 1888 mg/kg. While Mg increased from 105 to 123 mg/kg, Zn increased from 8.3 to 8.6 mg/kg, Mn and Fe were found to have the same values of concentrations before and after storage which were 0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Accordingly, we can conclude that Oggtt is a stable product and have a good nutritional value in comparison to daily required amounts for healthy human life

Periodontitis among adult populations in the Arab World

Background The Arab World consists of 22 countries from North and North-east Africa and the Middle East. Periodontal disease is an important global oral health burden, and is highly prevalent in developing countries. Objectives The objective of this narrative review is to report on the recorded prevalence of periodontitis in the Arab World, and to examine the methods used in collecting the data. Data and sources A search of the literature was performed using the PubMed database up to September 2011 to identify articles that reported on the prevalence of periodontal disease in the 22 Arab countries. Reports kept in the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Data bank were also used in this review. Conclusion There is a paucity of up-to-date data regarding the prevalence of periodontitis in the Arab adult population. Most relevant data are at least 10years old. From the literature available, it is clear that there is a need for epidemiological data that are representative of the adult population from this region. Such data will enable proper development of guidelines, allocation of resources and the development of appropriate public health programmes