Conception d’un paiement pour services environnementaux en pâturages collectifs : une expérimentation des choix

National audienceThis paper suggests the use of a choice experiment to guide the design of a payment for environmental services (PES) for the conservation of a watershed dominated by collective rangelands. The empirical implementation concerns the Mgoun watershed located in Southeast of Morocco. Individual acceptability of various conservation measures and incentives is analyzed. The results show that the combination of individual and collective conservation measures through individual conditional subscription, and incentives linked to technical assistance can facilitate the implementation of PES and encourage collective action to promote common-pool pastures conservation.Cet article propose d’utiliser l’expérimentation des choix pour guider la conception d’un Paiement pour services environnementaux (PSE) visant la conservation d’un bassin versant dominé par des pâturages collectifs. L’application empirique concerne le bassin versant du Mgoun, au sud-est du Maroc. L’acceptabilité individuelle de différentes mesures de conservation et d’incitation est analysée. Les résultats montrent que la combinaison de mesures de conservation individuelles et collectives sous un mode de souscription individuel soumis à des conditions, et l’incitation sous la forme d’une assistance technique sont des voies pouvant faciliter la mise en oeuvre de PSE et encourager l’action collective en faveur de la conservation des pâturages en bien commun

Une approche d'expérimentation des choix pour l'aide à la conception d'un PSE pour la protection de bassin-versant dans un système de pâturage collectif

11th International conference of the european society for ecological economics: Transformations, Leeds, , 30-/06/2015 - 03/07/2015International audienceThis paper suggests the use of the choice experiment approach to inform the design of a payment for environmental services (PES) to foster collective rangeland management. The empirical implementation was conducted in the M'goun watershed located in South-East of Morocco. Individual acceptability of various conservation measures and incentives is analysed. The results show that the combination of individual and collective conservation measures under individual subscription, and incentives in the form of technical assistance to improve production performances are ways that can facilitate the implementation of PES and encourage collective action for the conservation of pastures as a common good

Possible Implication of Nrf2, PPAR-γ and MAPKs Signaling in the Protective Role of Mangiferin against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats

Mangiferin (Mang) is a known glucosylxanthone that has proven its shielding effect against ischemia/reperfusion (Is/R). However, its full underlying mechanistic perspective against renal Is/R induced lesions is not fully revealed. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to track further non-investigated modulatory signals of Mang against the renal Is/R model involving nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)2/heme oxygenase (HO)-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ/nuclear factor (NF)-κB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. To ratify our aim, Mang was administrated (20 mg/kg, i.p for seven days) before the induction of bilateral Is/R. Mechanistic maneuver revealed that Mang balanced oxidative state via increasing the expression of the antioxidant Nrf2/HO-1 cue with subsequent enhancement of GSH besides MDA lessening. Additionally, Mang enhanced PPAR-γ mRNA expression and declined p-p38 MAPK and p-JNK expression with concomitant NF-κB downsizing leading to iNOS/NOx and TNF-α rebating. Furthermore, the Mang anti-apoptotic trait was affirmed by enriching Bcl-2 expression as well as decreasing Bax and caspase-3 expression. All these potentials were in the line with the molecular docking results and the improved histopathological findings and renal function biomarkers. Consequently, Mang provided plausible protective mechanisms against renal Is/R-related events, possibly by amending oxidative status, inflammatory mediators, and apoptotic cell death through the involvement of Nrf2, PPAR-γ, MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB signaling

Approaches to cost-effectiveness of payments for tree planting and forest management for water quality services

A B S T R A C TThe evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of Payments for ecosystem services (PES) in fostering positive environmentaloutcomes has been central to the scientific debate on their implementation. PES cost-effectiveness canbe affected by a myriad of environmental, institutional and socio-economic factors operating at different spatialand temporal scales. Moreover, it can be affected by synergies and trade-offs in the provision of ecosystemservices (ES). Planting trees is increasingly considered an effective measure to provide water-related ES. It canenhance watershed services such as nutrient retention, erosion control, stream flow regulation, protectionagainst extreme events (e.g., floods and landslides), and lead to a permanent change in land use, replacingagricultural activities that give rise to diffuse pollution. Very few studies currently exist on the cost-effectivenessof tree planting for water quality benefits PES schemes in Europe. Including both review and research elements,this paper highlights challenges in undertaking such assessments. It develops a conceptual framework to helpunderpin future studies, with its application to three case studies in Denmark explored. Particular attention isgiven to the estimation of environmental effectiveness in the provision of water quality services and theimportance of co-benefits. In the case where we exclude co-benefits from the analysis, the financial costeffectivenessis always above zero, with central estimates (without discounting environmental improvements