Isolation and substrate binding studies of aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase 2 Ia

Aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase (2 )-la (ANT) was cloned from P Aeruginosa and purified from overexpressing £ coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The high yields obtainable from this system will permit in-depth structural studies in the future. In addition, the conformation of the aminoglycoside antibiotic isepamicin, a psuedo-tri-saccharide, bound to aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase 2 -la has been determined using NMR spectroscopy. Molecular modeling employing experimentally determined inter-proton distances resulted in two different enzyme-bound conformations (conformer 1 and conformer 2) of isepamicin when comparing the structures using the 2-deoxystreptamine ring (B ring) and the D-garosamine ring (0 ring) Conformer 1 was by far the major conformer defined by the average glycosidic dihedral angles (Pec -65.26 ± 1 63 and \u27+\u27bc-54 76 ± 464 (20 structures). Conformer 1 was further subdivided into one major (conformer 1a)and two minor components (conformer 1 b and 1c) based on the comparison of O^b and Conformer 1a and conformer 2 have almost identica

Analyses of injuries to equestrians in a Swedish district over a 16-year period

Horse riding is a popular, yet dangerous, sport, and as such, horse-related injuries contribute considerably to the total number of people hospitalized every year. While some investigations have explored this public health issue, many have focused only on hospital registrations or insurance information, while neglecting the cases where the rider may have not required hospitalization. This study investigated the pattern of equestrian injuries in Sweden and examined factors for predicting hospitalized injuries, using visits to hospital, local medical centers, and public dental services. Data were gathered over a 16-year period at all medical facilities within Skaraborg, Sweden, and retrospectively reviewed. There were 7815 horse-related injury events during the study period. The sample of horse-related injuries were largely represented by females (88%) and those aged between 10 and 20\ua0years old. Injuries commonly took place during private/leisure time (90.8%) and in the afternoon. Logistic regression analysis found that older riders were significantly more likely to be admitted to hospital (OR\ua0=\ua01.013), while female riders were less likely to be admitted than males (OR\ua0=\ua00.739). The numbers of people registering at medical facilities due to horse-related injuries are increasing. Therefore, improved intervention measures must be further investigated

Epidemiology of Equestrian Accidents: a Literature Review

Purpose: This manuscript aimed to present a review of the literature pertaining to horse riding and other horse-related injuries. Method: A review of the literature was performed, searching for appropriate terms with regards to horse accidents, horse riding injuries and protective clothing for the horse riding context. The literature review search returned 151 relevant full-text articles, with 71 of these detailing the overall injury epidemiology of horse-related accidents. Most of these studies were conducted in the USA and used a retrospective review of hospital data methodology. Results: Of the 71 articles investigated, 60 suggested that those most frequently involved in horse-related accidents are young females and 97% of papers investigating injury mechanisms found the most commonly involved was a fall from horseback. It was suggested in multiple studies that these injury events mostly occurred in warm weather conditions, when the horse behaved in an unexpected manner. Injury type and location varied by the primary mechanism of injury; but frequently involved body regions were the head and upper extremities, and the most common injuries observed were fractures and soft tissue injuries. Neurological trauma was reported by all relevant studies to be the most frequent cause of fatality. Conclusion: Some improvements in horse-related accident numbers and outcomes have been observed with the development and introduction of protective devices such as helmets and vests. Yet despite the benefits of helmet and vest usage, there is evidence to suggest helmets do not perform as well as they could. Further work could investigate improvements in safety measures and risk factors associated with fatalities

Phonon-assisted Photoluminescence from Dark Excitons in Monolayers of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) shows a multitude of emission peaks below the bright exciton line and not all of them have been explained yet. Here, we study the emission traces of phonon-assisted recombinations of momentum-dark excitons. To this end, we develop a microscopic theory describing simultaneous exciton, phonon and photon interaction and including consistent many-particle dephasing. We explain the drastically different PL below the bright exciton in tungsten- and molybdenum-based materials as result of different configurations of bright and dark states. In good agreement with experiments, we show that WSe$_2$ exhibits clearly visible low-temperature PL signals stemming from the phonon-assisted recombination of momentum-dark excitons

Horse-related incidents and factors for predicting injuries to the head

Objectives Head injuries are the leading cause of death in horse-related injury events and, even since the introduction of helmets, represent a sizeable proportion of all horse-related injuries. Falls from horseback and kicks to the head are the most frequent type of incident causing head injuries, but it is unknown whether these incidents are predictors of head injury. This study aimed to investigate head injuries and the association between incident type and head injury. Method Retrospective review of 7815 horse-related injury events was conducted. Data were gathered from hospitals, local healthcare centres and public dental services in Skaraborg, Sweden. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the association between the incident type and occurrence of head injury while controlling for risk factors. Results Approximately 20% of riders sustained a head injury, mostly soft tissue injuries (56.3%) and concussions (33.4%). A fall from or with the horse was the primary cause of head injury (63.9%). Those who fell from a carriage or other height or who were injured through contact with the horse had no difference in the likelihood of head injury when compared with those that fell from or with the horse. However, those who sustained an injury without any horse contact had lower odd of head injury (OR: 0.640, p<0.00005, 95% CI 0.497 to 0.734). Additionally, the older the rider, the lower the odds of head injury (OR=0.989, p<0.00005, 95% CI 0.985 to 0.993). Conclusion Improved protection for those suffering falls from horseback as well as those who are kicked in the head should be investigated

Assessing the impact of verbal and visuospatial working memory load on eye-gaze cueing

Observers tend to respond more quickly to peripheral stimuli that are being gazed at by a centrally presented face, than to stimuli that are not being gazed at. While this gaze-cueing effect was initially seen as reflexive, there have also been some indications that top-down control processes may be involved. Therefore, the present investigation employed a dual-task paradigm to attempt to disrupt the putative control processes involved in gaze cueing. Two experiments examined the impact of working memory load on gaze cueing. In Experiment 1, participants were required to hold a set of digits in working memory during each gaze trial. In Experiment 2, the gaze task was combined with an auditory task that required the manipulation and maintenance of visuo-spatial information. Gaze cueing effects were observed, but they were not modulated by dual-task load in either experiment. These results are consistent with traditional accounts of gaze cueing as a highly reflexive process

Bone Biomarker in Feedlot Cattle from Two Different Production Systems

The rapid growth rate in feedlot cattle is likely to promote joint abnormalities like osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) and osteoarthritis (OA) with subsequent lameness. We have identified a small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) biomarker at cleavage site 262GLGHNQIRM (BGN262) arising from the fragmentation of biglycan (BGN) in subchondral bone associated with OA. With a validated custom-made ELISA, BGN262 has been quantified in serum from cattle. The concentration of BGN262 in serum from cattle raised in the conventional and all-natural production systems increased at harvest compared to the starting period. The limitation of the study is the small sample size. However, the promising results encourage a further evaluation of BGN262 and its potential as a biomarker for subchondral bone pathology in cattle

Проблеми побудови відкритої та гнучкої методичної системи навчання математичних методів фізики у педагогічних університетах

(uk) Розглядаються тенденції розвитку фундаментальної фізико-математичної освіти, зближення природничо-наукового та гуманітарного, що уможливлюють розв’язання проблеми побудови відкритої та гнучкої науково-обґрунтованої методичної системи навчання математичних методів фізики у педагогічних університетах.(en) The article examines progressive trends of fundamental physical and mathematical education, rapprochement of naturally scientific and humanitarian, that makes possible to solve the problem of constructing the open and flexible scientifically reasonable methodical systeme of mathematical methods of physics teaching inpedagogical universities

Adult ADHD screening scores and hospitalization due to pedestrian injuries: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adult ADHD screening scores and hospitalization due to pedestrian injuries in a sample of Iranian pedestrians. METHODS: Through a case-control study, a case population of 177 pedestrians injured by the vehicles in road traffic crashes were compared with 177 controls who lacked a record of intentional or unintentional injuries enrolled from various wards of Imam Reza University Hospital which is a specialty teaching hospital located in the same city with similar referral level. The cases and controls had an age range of 18-65 years and were matched on gender and age. ADHD symptom profile was assessed using the Persian Self-report Screening Version of the Conner\u27s Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS-S:SV). The association of ADHD screening score and pedestrian injuries was investigated using multiple binary logistic regression to investigate the independent effect of ADHD index score on belonging to case group. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios were reported. RESULTS: Men comprised 86.4% of the study subjects. The crude odds ratios for all the four ADHD subscales to be associated with pedestrian injuries were 1.05, 1.08, and 1.04 for the subscales A (attention deficit), B (hyperactivity/impulsiveness) and ADHD index respectively. However, the association for subscale A was not statistically significant with a borderline p-value. The final multivariate analysis showed that variables associated with pedestrian injuries in the road traffic crashes were ADHD Index score (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12); economic status (including household income and expenditure capacity); educational level and total walking time per 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Adult ADHD screening score can predict pedestrian injuries leading to hospitalization independently from sex, age, economic status, educational level and pedestrian exposure to traffic environment (average walking time)