Synthesis and Photodecomposition Studies of Photodegradable Antibiotics and Chitin Synthase Inhibitors

The release of bioactive compounds to the biosphere, such as chitin synthase inhibitors that are causing negative effects in non-target organisms, or antibiotic agents that contribute to increasing antimicrobial resistance, has become a major problem in recent years. To try to circumvent this, the goal of this project has been to design active compounds that degrade when exposed to light. Four photodegradable scaffolds based on the core structure 1-(arylamino)-3-arylpropan-2-ol with a nitro group in different positions on the two aromatic rings were designed, and the decomposition products were investigated. The scaffolds were functionalised to give 12 target compounds that resemble commonly used chitin synthase inhibitors, and some of them displayed promising anti-lice activity (0.001-0.1 ppt). The compounds were also tested for their antimicrobial activity (6.3-50 μM), which resulted in the discovery of four active compounds. Following decomposition, all antimicrobial activity was lost and no cytotoxicity was observed, and they represent lead compounds for further development. Synthetic attempts towards several analogues of chloramphenicol were dictated by side reactions and reactivity issues, and ended up in two analogues with no antimicrobial activity. Synthesis of an analogue of the penicillin class of antibiotics was attempted and despite great efforts, problems associated with a final deprotection step was not resolved

Socioeconomic inequalities in the quality of life of older Europeans in different welfare regimes

Background: Whether socioeconomic inequalities in health and well-being persist into old age and are narrower in more generous welfare states is debated. We investigated the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality in the quality of life of Europeans in early old age and the influence of the welfare regime type on these relationships.<p></p> Methods: Data from individuals aged 50–75 years (n = 16 074) residing in 13 European countries were derived from Waves 2 and 3 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Slope indices of inequality (SIIs) were calculated for the association between socioeconomic position and CASP-12, a measure of positive quality of life. Multilevel linear regression was used to assess the overall relationship between socioeconomic position and quality of life, using interaction terms to investigate the influence of the type of welfare regime (Southern, Scandinavian, Post-communist or Bismarckian).<p></p> Results: Socioeconomic inequalities in quality of life were narrowest in the Scandinavian and Bismarckian regimes, and were largest by measures of current wealth. Compared with the Scandinavian welfare regime, where narrow inequalities in quality of life by education level were found in both men (SII = 0.02, 95% CI: −1.09 to 1.13) and women (SII = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.05–2.17), the difference in quality of life between the least and most educated was particularly wide in Southern and Post-communist regimes.<p></p> Conclusion: Individuals in more generous welfare regimes experienced higher levels of quality of life, as well as narrower socioeconomic inequalities in quality of life.<p></p&gt

Været i vekstsesongen 2015

Sommeren 2015 vil bli husket som kald og våt, med store nedbørmengder i enkelte perioder. Regnet på Østlandet fra midten av august vil bli husket spesielt godt. Til tross for dette ser kornavlingene ut til å bli like høye i 2015 som i 2014

Children born to women in opioid maintenance treatment: A longitudinal study of child behavioral problems and parenting stress

© 2022 Sarfi, Eikemo and Konijnenberg. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.In the wake of the “opioid epidemic”, there is considerable concern regarding potential harmful long-term effects of prenatal opioid exposure. Opioid misuse and addiction confer increased exposure to lifestyle stressors and health burdens. Accordingly, it is challenging to disentangle effects of prenatal opioid exposure per se from factors related to maternal stress. In this study, we followed 36 women enrolled in comprehensive opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) program and their children alongside 36 age-matched mother-child dyads from a community sample (COMP) from pregnancy until child-age 8 years. Across five sessions, we used a battery of well-established questionnaires to investigate trajectories of parenting stress and mental health symptoms as well as child behavior problems. The 8-year retention was relatively high (OMT: 72%, COMP: 67%), and the OMT sample remarkably stable and well-functioning, with minimal concomitant illicit drug use. Mixed effects regressions showed significantly different trajectories of child behavior problems (F = 3.8, p = 0.024) and parenting stress (F = 3.1, p = 0.016) in the two groups. Differences in experienced stress were largely explained by more distress specifically related to the parenting role in the OMT group (F = 9.7, p = 0.003). The OMT sample also reported higher psychological distress (F = 15.6, p < 0.001) than the comparison group, but notably few participants presented with problems that warranted clinical intervention. The results underscore the benefits of tailored follow-up of children prenatally exposed to opioids and their families beyond infancy and toddlerhood. Long-term direct effects of prenatal opioid exposure on behavior problems are likely modest, given an otherwise stable caregiving environment conducive to healthy development.publishedVersio

Ascospore release by Venturia inaequalis during periods of extended daylight and low temperature at Nordic latitudes

Darkness suppresses ascospore release in Venturia inaequalis, but the impact of light levels during the extended twilight and dusk that typify Nordic spring conditions is poorly understood. Volumetric spore traps were operated at two different locations in Norway over several years. During the season of asocspore release (approximately 1 April to 30 June), on 25 occasions when rain started during night (after 23:00h and before 04:00h) and leaves remained wet until at least midnight the following day, the cumulative percentage of spores trapped at sunrise did not exceed 1%, irrespective of temperature. Three hours after sunrise, cumulative ascospore release reached 0.8%, 3.0%, and 8.1% at temperatures of 0 to 5°C, 5 to 10°C, and >10°C, respectively, and 50% release occurred at 11, 9, and 8h after sunrise. Additional field and laboratory studies indicated that the protracted dawn and dusk of Nordic latitudes, either alone or in combination with low temperatures, does not substantially alter previously reported patterns of ascospore releas

Effector gene variation in Polish and Norwegian Phytophthora infestans strains

Poster presented at 2023 IS-MPMI Congress, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Providence, USA The research leading to these results has received funding from the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, project DivGene: UMO2019/34/H/NZ9/0055

Legemiddelgjennomgang i sykehjem

FARM399/05HMATF-FAR

Sammenligning mellom arbeidstakere på tilkallingskontrakter og deltidsansatte om rett til stilling tilsvarende faktisk arbeidstid

Master i rettsvitenskapJUS399MAJU

Class-related health inequalities are not larger in the East

Background: The article investigates whether people in Eastern Europe have larger health inequalities than their counterparts in three West European regions (North, Central and the South). Methods: Data were obtained for 63 754 individuals in 23 countries from the first (2002) and second (2004) waves of the European Social Survey. The health outcomes were self-reported limiting longstanding illness and fair/poor general health. Occupational class was defined according to the European Socioeconomic Classification (ESeC). The magnitude of absolute and relative inequalities according to nine occupational classes for men and women separately were identified, analysed and compared in all four regions of Europe. Results: For both sexes and within all European regions, the higher and lower professionals, self-employed and higher service wo