Democratic Development and the Role of Citizenship Education in Sub-Saharan African with a Case Focus on Zambia

In addressing issues related to problems of democratisation in Africa, this paper attempts to relate the issue to the need for citizenship education and the role that can play in social development. Citizenship should be central to the formation of viable civil societies that claim a tangible stake in national public spaces in post-Cold War Africa. These and related topics are discussed relative to new possibilities that could lead to the full realisation of the concept as well as the practice of enfranchised citizenship and inclusive social development in aspiring democracies in the Sub Saharan African context. The complexity of the development ‘problematique’ that Sub-Saharan Africa is facing is unique in that it is multi-dimensional, but above all else, politically located. It is, therefore, central to our discussions here that to correct the continent’s current schemes of underdevelopment, pragmatic schemes of governance must be achieved. To do that, we are suggesting, new possibilities of citizenship education should be formulated for the general African scene in general, and for democratising but still both institutionally and economically weakened Zambia

Flamingo Vol. IV N 6

E.B. Cover. Picture. 0. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 5. Schmitz, E. EDWARD A. DEEDS The Colonel. Picture. 6. C.K. Flamingo. Picture. 7. H.W.B. KISMET. Prose. 7. Tuttled, F.B. AUTUMN IN GRANVILLE. Poem. 8. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 8. F.R. SHE LOVES SHE! Poem. 8. Anonymous. The Windfall. Poem. 8. I.K. SHEPARDSON CAMPUS ON A NIGHT OF MIST. Poem. 8. F.R. You. Poem. 8. G.W. AN AUTUMN DAY. Poem. 8. F.R. WE JANES! Poem. 9. F. AINT LlFE AWFUL. Poem. 9. F.R. LITTLE BOY BLUE. Poem. 9. Anonymous. —UNDER THEIR SKINS. Poem. 9. W.G. SOONER OR LATER. Prose. 9. C.K. Untitled. Picture. 10. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 10. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10. Anoymous. Are you fond of music? Picture. 11. V.F. ROOM-MATES. Poem. 11. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 11. Anonymous. Him- You used to say there was something about me you liked. Her— Yes, but you\u27ve spent it all. Picture. 11. Anonymous. She (after the proposal)— What! Marry you—a drunkard and a gambler? Picture. 11. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 11. Anonymous. \u27Pears So. Prose. 11. Anonymous. HOWD\u27Y, BOY!. Prose. 12. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 12. Anonymous. ONCE UPON A TIME. Prose. 13. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 13. Anonymous. INTRODUCING Moses and the Queen of Sheba. Picture. 14. Anonymous. A MUSICAL COMEDY. Prose. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 14. Anonymous. WHERE WAS MOSES When the lights went out? Picture. 14. Anonymous. ANYTIME, ANYFRAT. Prose. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 14. F. Epic. Poem. 15. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 15. Anonymous. Are they engaged? Picture. 15. E.J.H. SUBSTITUTION. Poem. 15. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 15. E.T. He\u27s so clever! Always making so many original remarks! Picture. 16. Tyroler. I asked Bill . . . Picture. 16. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 16. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 16. Anonymous. THE PARDONED CONVICT (Just Released.) Prose. 16. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 17. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 17. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 17. W.V. Woman. Prose. 17. Ubersax. CAMOUFLAGE. Picture. 17. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 17. Anonymous. Imaginary Books by Imaginary Authors. Prose. 17. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 17. C.K. A person never gets all he wants in life. Picture. 18. Anonymous. Slang. Poem. 18. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 18. Editor Musicale. Untitled. Prose. 18. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 18. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 18. E.T. The One— Will that watch tell time? Picture. 19. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 19. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 19. Anonymous. Roses are red. Violets are blue, Sugar is sweet. But dog-gone you! Picture. 19. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 19. Anonymous. Falling Painter— Weil, I guess this is going down with flying colors. Picture. 19. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 19. Anonymous. Once upon a time there were three children. Picture. 19. Bridge. Denison Comics. Picture. 20. Schmitz. The Big Red. Picture. 22. Anonymous. Rogers-Left Half. Picture. 23. Anonymous. Miller-Full Back. Picture. 23. Anonymous. Hundley-Rt. Half. Picture. 23. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 23. Anonymous. Mitchell, L.Guard. Picture. 23. Anonymous. Mclain, R.T. Picture. 24. Anonymous. Thiele, End. Picture. 24. D.K.E. Untitled. Picture. 24. Anonymous. Hundley, QB. Picture. 24. Anonymous. Becker, LG. Picture. 24. Anonymous. Steadman, R.G. Picture. 24. Anonymous. MC Michael, F.B. Picture. 24. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 24. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture/Prose. 25. Anonymous. Allen, LH. Picture/Prose. 25. Anonymous. Henderson, Tackle. Picture/Prose. 25. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 26. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture/Prose. 26. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture/Prose. 26. Anonymous. Walter J. Livingston. Prose. 26. Anonymous. The BIG RED Squad. Picture. 27. Anonymous. We skin the Cincy Bearcat, 24 to 7. Picture. 27. Anonymous. Shove the ball over the line at the other end three times. Picture. 27. W.V. Freshman. Poem. 28. C.K. Untitled. Picture. 28. Town Topics. Give \u27Em Room. Prose. 28. Frivol. Untitled. Prose. 28. Lyre. Untitled. Prose. 28. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 28. Purple Cow. Untitled. Prose. 28. Octopus. Untitled. Prose. 28. Tiger. Untitled. Prose. 28. Lemon Punch. The Night Before Pledging. Poem. 28. Cougar\u27s Paw. Same Here. Prose. 28. Burr. Some Trousers. Prose. 28. Funk. I loved her at first sight. But you\u27re not engaged. No. I saw her again. Picture. 30. Froth. Untitled. Prose. 30. Lemon Punch. Untitled. Prose. 30. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 30. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 30. Pitt Panther. Untitled. Prose. 30. Sun Dial. Food for Thought. Prose. 30. Sun Dial. An Awful Reign. Prose. 30. Scalper. Untitled. Prose. 30. Purple Parrot. Up in the World. Prose. 30. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 30. Black and Blue Jay. Untitled. Prose. 33. Phoenix. Untitled. Prose. 33. Puppet. Untitled. Prose. 33. D.K.E. Judy Gottrox and I are strangers now Picture. 34. Punch Bowl. Call the Patrol. Prose. 34. Pelican-Chapparral. Untitled. Prose. 36. Lord Jeff. Untitled. Prose. 36. Bison. Untitled. Prose. 36. The Optimist. Untitled. Prose. 36. Burr, Lehigh. ARDENT YOUTH. Prose. 39. Panther. Untitled. Prose. 39. Swiped. Untitled. Prose. 39. Showme. Untitled. Prose. 39. Malteaser. Untitled. Prose. 39. Siren. Untitled. Prose. 39. Siren. Untitled. Prose. 39. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 39

Light-cone averages in a swiss-cheese universe

We analyze a toy swiss-cheese cosmological model to study the averaging problem. In our model, the cheese is the EdS model and the holes are constructed from a LTB solution. We study the propagation of photons in the swiss-cheese model, and find a phenomenological homogeneous model to describe observables. Following a fitting procedure based on light-cone averages, we find that the the expansion scalar is unaffected by the inhomogeneities. This is because of spherical symmetry. However, the light-cone average of the density as a function of redshift is affected by inhomogeneities. The effect arises because, as the universe evolves, a photon spends more and more time in the (large) voids than in the (thin) high-density structures. The phenomenological homogeneous model describing the light-cone average of the density is similar to the concordance model. Although the sole source in the swiss-cheese model is matter, the phenomenological homogeneous model behaves as if it has a dark-energy component. Finally, we study how the equation of state of the phenomenological model depends on the size of the inhomogeneities, and find that the equation-of-state parameters w_0 and w_a follow a power-law dependence with a scaling exponent equal to unity. That is, the equation of state depends linearly on the distance the photon travels through voids. We conclude that within our toy model, the holes must have a present size of about 250 Mpc to be able to mimic the concordance model.Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures; replaced to fit the version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Photon mass limits from fast radio bursts

International audienceThe frequency-dependent time delays in fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be used to constrain the photon mass, if the FRB redshifts are known, but the similarity between the frequency dependences of dispersion due to plasma effects and a photon mass complicates the derivation of a limit on mγ. The dispersion measure (DM) of FRB 150418 is known to ∼0.1%, and there is a claim to have measured its redshift with an accuracy of ∼2%, but the strength of the constraint on mγ is limited by uncertainties in the modelling of the host galaxy and the Milky Way, as well as possible inhomogeneities in the intergalactic medium (IGM). Allowing for these uncertainties, the recent data on FRB 150418 indicate that mγ≲1.8×10−14 eVc−2 (3.2×10−50 kg), if FRB 150418 indeed has a redshift z=0.492 as initially reported. In the future, the different redshift dependences of the plasma and photon mass contributions to DM can be used to improve the sensitivity to mγ if more FRB redshifts are measured. For a fixed fractional uncertainty in the extra-galactic contribution to the DM of an FRB, one with a lower redshift would provide greater sensitivity to mγ

Nonthermal Supermassive Dark Matter

We discuss several cosmological production mechanisms for nonthermal supermassive dark matter and argue that dark matter may be elementary particles of mass much greater than the weak scale. Searches for dark matter should not be limited to weakly interacting particles with mass of the order of the weak scale, but should extend into the supermassive range as well.Comment: 11 page LaTeX file. No major changes. Version accepted by PR

Probing Lorentz Violation in Neutrino Propagation from a Core-Collapse Supernova

Supernova explosions provide the most sensitive probes of neutrino propagation, such as the possibility that neutrino velocities might be affected by the foamy structure of space-time thought to be generated by quantum-gravitational (QG) effects. Recent two-dimensional simulations of the neutrino emissions from core-collapse supernovae suggest that they might exhibit variations in time on the scale of a few milliseconds. We analyze simulations of such neutrino emissions using a wavelet technique, and consider the limits that might be set on a linear or quadratic violation of Lorentz invariance in the group velocities of neutrinos of different energies, v/c = [1 \pm (E/M_{nuLV1})] or [1 \pm (E/M_{\nuLV2})^2], if variations on such short time scales were to be observed, where the mass scales M_{nuLVi} might appear in models of quantum gravity. We find prospective sensitivities to M_{nuLV1} ~ 2 X 10^{13} GeV and M_{nuLV2} ~ 10^6 GeV at the 95% confidence level, up to two orders of magnitude beyond estimates made using previous one-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae. We also analyze the prospective sensitivities to scenarios in which the propagation times of neutrinos of fixed energies are subject to stochastic fluctuations.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures. A subsection added. The version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Mechanisms of Nanonewton Mechanostability in a Protein Complex Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Can molecular dynamics simulations predict the mechanical behavior of protein complexes? Can simulations decipher the role of protein domains of unknown function in large macromolecular complexes? Here, we employ a wide-sampling computational approach to demonstrate that molecular dynamics simulations, when carefully performed and combined with single-molecule atomic force spectroscopy experiments, can predict and explain the behavior of highly mechanostable protein complexes. As a test case, we studied a previously unreported homologue from; Ruminococcus flavefaciens; called X-module-Dockerin (XDoc) bound to its partner Cohesin (Coh). By performing dozens of short simulation replicas near the rupture event, and analyzing dynamic network fluctuations, we were able to generate large simulation statistics and directly compare them with experiments to uncover the mechanisms involved in mechanical stabilization. Our single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments show that the XDoc-Coh homologue complex withstands forces up to 1 nN at loading rates of 10; 5; pN/s. Our simulation results reveal that this remarkable mechanical stability is achieved by a protein architecture that directs molecular deformation along paths that run perpendicular to the pulling axis. The X-module was found to play a crucial role in shielding the adjacent protein complex from mechanical rupture. These mechanisms of protein mechanical stabilization have potential applications in biotechnology for the development of systems exhibiting shear enhanced adhesion or tunable mechanics

Contrasting tree-cover loss and subsequent land cover in two neotropical forest regions: sample-based assessment of the Mexican Yucatán and Argentine Chaco

The neotropical-forest’s northern and southern extremes, covering the Mexican Yucatán and the Argentine Chaco, have among the highest rates of recent tree-cover loss in the biome. This study contrasts the character of loss in these regions, estimating proportions of types of loss and subsequent land cover. It is based on two-stage probability sampling design and field and satellite-image surveys. All estimates include uncertainties, which could be further reduced via model-assisted estimation or additional sampling. This approach can be replicated in other regions to estimate types of loss and associated land cover from a definitive, in-situ perspective. The character of loss in the two areas differed greatly. That in the Yucatán was 54% temporary, mostly under fallow or selectively logged, while that in the Chaco was 85% permanent, split nearly equally between crops and pasture. These data contribute to a quantitative basis for studies of socio-economic drivers of neotropical deforestation.Fil: Krylov, Alexander. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Steininger, Marc K.. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Hansen, Matthew C.. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Potapov, Peter V.. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Stehman, Stephen V.. State University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Gost, Allison. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Noel, Jacob. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Talero Ramirez, Yamile. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Tyukavina, Alexandra. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Di Bella, Carlos Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ellis, Edward A.. Universidad Veracruzana; MéxicoFil: Ellis, Peter. The Nature Conservancy. Global Lands; Estados Unido

Cosmological background solutions and cosmological backreactions

The cosmological backreaction proposal, which attempts to account for observations without a primary dark energy source in the stress-energy tensor, has been developed and discussed by means of different approaches. Here, we focus on the concept of cosmological background solutions in order to develop a framework to study different backreaction proposals.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures; major changes, replaced to match the version published in General Relativity and Gravitatio