Availability of palliative care cancer services in Brazil

It has been a difficult task to define the number of patients in need of palliative care, the necessary resources and the specific criteria to structure and adapt palliative care services in Brazil. Until now the quantification of palliative care needs in our country has been estimated in an isolated way and based on international experiences. However, there are doubts about the applicability of these parameters considering the population and territorial dimensions, as well as the regional diversities. The analysis of the population morbidity and mortality profiles is necessary to the establishment of possible parameters to be employed for the assistance in palliative care, such as hospital admissions for the treatment of clinical intercurrences of cancer patients. Aims: To develop estimates of the current situation, the coverage and the need for palliative care services. Identify the number of hospitals that admitted potential patients with palliative care needs and the number of hospital beds used for the hospitalizations. Methods: Retrospective and observation analysis of the hospital admission registers of cancer patients were performed to verify the number of cancer patients in need of palliative care and the number of clinic hospital beds used yearly to admit these patients. Data on hospital admission of cancer patients, like average length of stay and hospital mortality were used. Results: Between 2008 and 2016, were registered in the Hospital Information System of SUS (SIH-SUS) 1,7 million hospitalizations for treatment of clinical intercurrence of cancer patient. These admissions were identified on 3,374 different health units around the country. An average of 91% of all hospitalizations for treatment of clinical intercurrence of cancer patient were registered in 380 hospitals Conclusions: To improve the quality of life, relieve physical suffering, cater for the psychological, spiritual and social needs of people with severe and advanced diseases, as well as to provide support to families and caregivers, it is indispensable to consider the existing models of health care. The inclusion or expansion of palliative attention meets the size, nature and severity of the needs of cancer patients

O código RDA e a iniciativa BIBFRAME: tendências da representação da informação no domínio bibliográfico

This paper presents the RDA cataloging code and the BIBFRAME initiative as trends for the future of bibliographic description on the web. Therefore, descriptive bibliographical research was carried out on the general principles of cataloging, highlighting the theoretical major and facts that influenced the development of the principles of cataloging, the RDA code and the BIBFRAME initiative. It describes the RDA code, from its evolution and terminology and outlines relations on the use of RDA with MARC 21 format from comparisons with AACR2R. It then describes the BIBFRAME initiative in its two segments: model and vocabulary. Finally, it considers that the RDA and BIBFRAME trends over time will be taken as the basis for resource description in the web environment.São apresentados o código de catalogação RDA e a iniciativa BIBFRAME à luz dos princípios gerais da catalogação. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica descritiva sobre os princípios gerais da catalogação, em que foram destacados os mais importantes teóricos e os principais fatos que influenciaram o desenvolvimento dos princípios da catalogação e do código RDA, bem como da iniciativa BIBFRAME. Descreve-se o código RDA a partir de sua proposta, características e desenvolvimento, sua utilização com o Formato MARC 21 e faz-se uma comparação entre os códigos RDA e AACR2r. Em seguida, a iniciativa BIBFRAME é descrita em seus dois segmentos: modelo e vocabulário. Por fim, acredita-se que as iniciativas RDA e BIBFRAME serão assumidas ao longo do tempo como base para a descrição de recursos no ambiente web

Disponibilização de metadados em Linked Data para repositórios digitais

Considering the expansion of scientific production in digital information environments and the new forms of data availability following the principles of Linked Data, the objective is to discuss possibilities of relationships of datasets and semantic enrichment of metadata in digital repositories and present a model of conversion of records in RDF. It is a theoretical and exploratory research, performing a bibliographic review on digital repositories and Linked Data. In this way, we have demostrated possibilities of the conversion process,identifying databases, vocabularies and standards that must be adopted so that the generated data is enriched semantically. The work presented a model that reflects the steps that must be taken in the process of making available the metadata of a digital repository in Linked Data. It is concluded that the integration between digital repositories and Semantic Web technologies allows the availability of data in Linked Data, which provides new means for the dissemination and integration of resources on Web

Os princípios de descrição e sua aderência aos formatos MARC 21 e ONIX

The article discusses the principles of description, analyzing the work The intellectual foundation of information organization, by Elaine Svenonius, published in 2000. It is a bibliographic research that analyzes the principles of description identified by the author in the aspects of user convenience, common use, representation, accuracy, sufficiency, need, standardization and integration; and seeks to identify the presence of these principles in the formats of representation. The formats of representation are analyzed as a result of their use in the description of the elements of bibliographic resources, so that they are machine-readable and interchanged between bibliographic systems. As formats of representation are used for the exchange of data and information, it was felt the need to verify if they are in line with the principles of description. The formats of representation used by libraries (MARC 21) and the publishing market (ONIX) were analyzed. Brief history and evolution of the two formats are presented, as well as the objectives that guided their development. The article concludes that the formats of representation analyzed have adherence to the principles of description that were analyzed. The article ends by pointing out the conformities of the MARC 21 and ONIX formats to the principles of description

PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA SOBRE EXPERIÊNCIAS EM SERVIÇOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a produção acadêmica sobre o tema “experiência em serviços”, a partir de levantamento de artigos científicos publicados em periódicos vinculados às bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Ebsco e Emerald. Com uso das palavras-chave "Service* Experience", "Consumer experience" and “Service*”, e "Customer experience” and “Service*”, 2.864 artigos foram identificados. Após depurações, 110 foram selecionados para compor a revisão sistemática. Entre os principais resultados, destaca-se o crescimento do volume de publicações a partir de 2012, indicando ser tema de interesse atual. Os trabalhos analisados trazem como principais palavras-chave “customer experience” e “service experience”, termos igualmente em destaque na revisão de literatura. A análise dos procedimentos metodológicos indicou a predominância da abordagem quantitativa, com pesquisa do tipo surveye uso de análise fatorial confirmatória como procedimento estatístico mais recorrente.

Análise multitemporal da temperatura da superfície através de imagens do TM Landsat 5, na cidade de Palmas-TO

As evolutivas alterações no uso e ocupação do solo, decorrentes do processo de urbanização, resultam em modificações no clima das cidades, afetando o desenvolvimento do meio e a qualidade de vida da população. A temperatura da superfície é um importante parâmetro biofisico relacionado, dentre outros fatores, com o tipo de cobertura do solo e que influencia indiretamente a temperatura do ar. Palmas, capital do Tocantins, teve sua implantação no ano de 1989, passando por processos acelerados de crescimento populacional e expansão do seu Plano Diretor, sendo necessário o monitoramento das condições climáticas da região. Esse estudo propõe a obtenção e análise da temperatura de superfície em Palmas, a partir de imagens de satélites do TM Lansat 5 para os anos de 1991, 2003 e 2010 e da utilização do algoritmo Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land  -  SEBAL visando identificar a variação multitemporal da temperatura da superfície, as mudanças ocorridas na cobertura da superfície e a ocorrência de Ilhas de Calor. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que, no decorrer dos anos de estudo, houve uma intensificação na temperatura da superfície da região e que há a ocorrência de ilhas de calor com amplitude térmica de 11°C.

Disponibilização de metadados em Linked Data para repositórios digitais

Considering the expansion of scientific production in digital information environments and the new forms of data availability following the principles of Linked Data, the objective is to discuss possibilities of relationships of datasets and semantic enrichment of metadata in digital repositories and present a model of conversion of records in RDF. It is a theoretical and exploratory research, performing a bibliographic review on digital repositories and Linked Data. In this way, we have demostrated possibilities of the conversion process,identifying databases, vocabularies and standards that must be adopted so that the generated data is enriched semantically. The work presented a model that reflects the steps that must be taken in the process of making available the metadata of a digital repository in Linked Data. It is concluded that the integration between digital repositories and Semantic Web technologies allows the availability of data in Linked Data, which provides new means for the dissemination and integration of resources on Web

Abordagens subzigomática e infraorbitária para o bloqueio do nervo maxilar em cadáver de gatos

This study compared the accuracy of dye placement on the maxillary nerve by using the percutaneous subzigomatic (SBZ) and infraorbitary (IO) approaches in cats’ cadavers. A second aim was to compare the accuracy of dye placement on the maxillary nerve between different untrained anesthetists. This was a prospective, randomized, blinded study, performed in 40 heads obtained from feline cadavers. Three veterinarians (A, B and C) with no previous experience with the IO approach performed the experiments. The SBZ approach was randomly performed on one side of the head and the IO approach was performed in the contralateral side of the same head. For each approach, 0.2ml of 1% methylene blue dye was injected. Scores for length of nerve staining were as follows: 0 (failure), no staining; 1 (moderate), <6mm of nerve stained; and 2 (ideal), ≥6mm of nerve stained. Median scores (interquartile range) for the SBZ and IO approaches were 2.0 (0.3-2.0) and 1.0 (0.0-2.0), respectively. Scores for length of nerve staining were higher with the SBZ approach than the IO approach (P=0.016). Considering the scores for both the SBZ and IO approaches, there was a significant difference among the three veterinarians (P=0.002). Results of this study do not support the IO approach to perform a maxillary nerve block in cats. A greater accuracy of methylene blue dye placement was observed with the SBZ approach. A variable accuracy may exist between different veterinarians when performing a maxillary nerve block employing the SBZ and IO techniques in cats.O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o acesso do nervo maxilar pela abordagem subzigomática (SBZ) com a abordagem pelo forame infraorbitário (IO) em peças anatômicas de gatos utilizando o corante azul de metileno. Um segundo objetivo foi comparar a acurácia na coloração do nervo maxilar com o azul de metileno entre diferentes anestesistas que não receberam treinamento prévio. Este estudo foi prospectivo, randomizado, cego, realizado em 40 peças anatômicas de cabeças de gatos. Três veterinários (A, B e C), sem experiência prévia da abordagem IO, realizaram o experimento. A abordagem SBZ foi aleatoriamente realizada em um dos lados da cabeça e a abordagem IO foi realizada no lado contralateral da mesma peça anatômica. Para cada abordagem, utilizou-se 0,2mL do corante azul de metileno 1%. Classificou-se o escore de coloração baseado no comprimento do nervo maxilar corado pelo azul de metileno conforme a escala: 0 (falha da técnica), sem coloração; 1 (moderado), <6mm de coloração do nervo maxilar; 2 (ideal), ≥6mm de coloração do nervo maxilar. As medianas (intervalo interquartil) para as abordagens SBZ e IO (dados de todos os veterinários juntos) foram respectivamente 2,0 (0,3-2,0) e 1,0 (0,0-2,0). A abordagem SBZ foi associada a um escore de coloração, significativamente, maior do que a abordagem IO (P=0,016). Considerando os escores de ambas abordagens (SBZ e IO), houve diferença significativa nos escores de coloração do nervo maxilar entre os três veterinários anestesistas (P=0,002). Os resultados deste estudo não sustentam a utilização da abordagem IO para a realização do bloqueio maxilar em gatos. Uma melhor acurácia na coloração do nervo maxilar com o azul de metileno foi observada com a abordagem SBZ. A acurácia da técnica pode variar quando as abordagens SBZ e IO são realizadas por veterinários diferentes, com o objetivo de se obter o bloqueio do nervo maxila

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PORCINE TOXOPLASMOSIS IN THE “ALTO SERTÃO” REGION OF SERGIPE, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

Toxoplasma gondii is the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis.Serological studies have demonstrated the parasite occurrence in swine from different regions; however there are no studies that can demonstrate epidemiological status of porcine toxoplasmosis in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. The study purposes were to verify the anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies presence and identify risk factors associated with infection in pigs. An amount of 230 blood samples of pigs over four months of age from 45 farms were collected and analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied on the properties of origin of the animals to identify risk factors associated with theinfection. A seroprevalence of 8.3% with the titre ranging from 64 (15/230) to 1024 (02/230) was found. Animals from the municipalities of Poço Redondo and Canindé de São Francisco showed the highest prevalences, 18.52% (5/27) and 12.90% (4/31), respectively. The seroprevalence found was considered low when compared to previous studies performed in Brazil, particularly in the northeast region. The age of slaughtered animals should be considered and positive association between the variables age and T. gondii infection was found. Most of swine sampled (194/230) were up to six months which may also influence in the seroprevalence. A low anti-T.gondii seroprevalence was observed in the present study, however it is concluded that T. gondii infection is present in pigs population. The knowledge about its frequency contributes to the establishment of strategies for disease control by appliance of prevention measures in livestock production