Distribución de flebotominos (Diptera: Psychodidae) en Quintana Roo, México

A faunistic study was carried out to gain insight into the distribution, species richness and abundance of sandflies in Quintana Roo, Mexico. There was a great intra- and interregional variability inmean species richness and abundance in Quintana Roo. The northern region appeared to have the highest species richness and abundance, followed by the central and southern regions, which exhibited an equal richness between them. Also, the central region showed the lowest sandfly abundance. Each region showed a rather distinctive dominant species composition, although two species, Lutzomyia shannoni and Lutzomyia cruciata, were among the most abundant in all three regions. In fact, some of the most abundant speciesare suspected vectors of leishmaniasis at the Yucatan Peninsula. Environmental factors prevailing in the state are thought to be the main factors mediating the differences in sandfly abundances in the different regions of Quintana Roo.Se llevó a cabo un estudio faunístico en el estado de Quintana Roo para conocer la distribución, riqueza y abundancia de los flebotominos. Se observó una gran variabilidad del promedio deespecies y abundancia dentro y entre tres diferentes zonas (sur, centro y norte) en el estado. La mayor abundancia y riqueza se registró en la zona norte, en la zona centro y sur se capturaron igual número de especies, y la zona centro tuvo la menor abundancia. En cada zona fueron diferentes las especies dominantes, aunque, Lutzomyia shannoni y Lutzomyia cruciata se registraron dentro de las más dominantes distribuidas en las tres zonas. Entre las especies dominantes que se presentan en el estado se encuentran aquellas que son incriminadas como vectores de leishmaniasis en la Península de Yucatán. Los factores ambientales que se presentan en el estado son reflejados en las abundancias encontradas en las diferenteszonas de Quintana Roo.

Current Knowledge of Leishmania Vectors in Mexico: How Geographic Distributions of Species Relate to Transmission Areas

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically at http://www.ajtmh.org/content/85/5/839Leishmaniases are a group of vector-borne diseases with different clinical manifestations caused by parasites transmitted by sand fly vectors. In Mexico, the sand fly Lutzomyia olmeca olmeca is the only vector proven to transmit the parasite Leishmania mexicana to humans, which causes leishmaniasis. Other vector species with potential medical importance have been obtained, but their geographic distributions and relation to transmission areas have never been assessed. We modeled the ecological niches of nine sand fly species and projected niches to estimate potential distributions by using known occurrences, environmental coverages, and the algorithms GARP and Maxent. All vector species were distributed in areas with known recurrent transmission, except for Lu. diabolica, which appeared to be related only to areas of occasional transmission in northern Mexico. The distribution of Lu. o. olmeca does not overlap with all reported cutaneous leishmaniasis cases, suggesting that Lu. cruciata and Lu. shannoni are likely also involved as primary vectors in those areas. Our study provides useful information of potential risk areas of leishmaniasis transmission in Mexico

Nuevos registros geográficos y notas de infección de Triatoma gerstaeckeri (Stål) y Triatoma rubida (Uhler) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) en Nuevo León y Coahuila, México

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Current and Future Niche of North and Central American Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Climate Change Scenarios

Ecological niche models are useful tools to infer potential spatial and temporal distributions in vector species and to measure epidemiological risk for infectious diseases such as the Leishmaniases. The ecological niche of 28 North and Central American sand fly species, including those with epidemiological relevance, can be used to analyze the vector’s ecology and its association with transmission risk, and plan integrated regional vector surveillance and control programs. In this study, we model the environmental requirements of the principal North and Central American phlebotomine species and analyze three niche characteristics over future climate change scenarios: i) potential change in niche breadth, ii) direction and magnitude of niche centroid shifts, iii) shifts in elevation range. Niche identity between confirmed or incriminated Leishmania vector sand flies in Mexico, and human cases were analyzed. Niche models were constructed using sand fly occurrence datapoints from Canada, USA, Mexico, Guatemala and Belize. Nine non-correlated bioclimatic and four topographic data layers were used as niche components using GARP in OpenModeller. Both B2 and A2 climate change scenarios were used with two general circulation models for each scenario (CSIRO and HadCM3), for 2020, 2050 and 2080. There was an increase in niche breadth to 2080 in both scenarios for all species with the exception of Lutzomyia vexator. The principal direction of niche centroid displacement was to the northwest (64%), while the elevation range decreased greatest for tropical, and least for broad-range species. Lutzomyia cruciata is the only epidemiologically important species with high niche identity with that of Leishmania spp. in Mexico. Continued landscape modification in future climate change will provide an increased opportunity for the geographic expansion of NCA sand flys’ ENM and human exposure to vectors of Leishmaniases

Seroprevalence of T. Cruzi infection in blood donors and chagas cardiomyopathy in patients from the coal mining region of coahuila, Mexico

Context and Objective: Chagas disease is considered a worldwide emerging disease; it is endemic in Mexico and the state of Coahuila and is considered of little relevance. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection in blood donors and Chagas cardiomyopathy in patients from the coal mining region of Coahuila, Mexico. Design and Setting: Epidemiological, exploratory and prospective study in a general hospital during the period January to June 2011. Methods: We performed laboratory tests ELISA and indirect hemagglutination in three groups of individuals: 1) asymptomatic voluntary blood donors, 2) patients hospitalized in the cardiology department and 3) patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Results: There were three levels of seroprevalence: 0.31% in asymptomatic individuals, 1.25% in cardiac patients and in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in 21.14%. Conclusions: In spite of having detected autochthonous cases of Chagas disease, its importance to local public health remains to be established as well as the details of the dynamics of transmission so that the study is still in progress

Análisis morfométrico de poblaciones alopátricas de Lutzomyia olmeca olmeca y Lutzomyia cruciata (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), vectores principales de la leishmaniasis cutánea en el sureste de México

Introduction. Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is endemic in the Peninsula of Yucatan. Leishmania mexicana is transmitted to humans by the infectious bite of the insect vector Lutzomyia olmeca olmeca and possibly by Lu. cruciata as well. Even though there are several previous studies on the ecology of both phlebotomid sandfl ies, potential genetic variations have not been determined for geographically separated sandfl y populations Objective. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the existence of variability of morphological characters among populations, and then to evaluate whether or not populations could be distinguished from each other using discriminant analyses Materials and Methods. Specimens of Lu. olmeca olmeca and Lu. cruciata were collected in distinct locations of the southern states of Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán y Quintana Roo. Thirty one morphological characteristics were measured using a micrometric for every specimen, using consistent techniques for preservation and slide mounting for all samples. Following univariant analyses, we then selected only the statistically signifi cant morphological characteristics for a multivariant analysis to identify group characteristics. Results. For Lu. olmeca olmeca, univariant analysis found that 26 out of 31 characteristics were statistically significant, whereas for Lu. cruciata, 16 out of 31 characteristics were significant. Subsequent multivariate analyses showed that Lu. olmeca olmeca from Bechanchén were statistically different (discriminant) from the rest of the populations. In the case of Lu. cruciata, the populations of Dos Naciones and La Libertad were statistically different (discriminant) from the rest of populations studied. Conclusions. Geographic variability was found among the morphological characteristics of the studied populations at both individual levels using univariant analysis, and for several characteristics considered simultaneously via multivariant analysis. More studies are required to confi rm the levels of heterogeneity and genetic isolation among populations of the two studied sandfly species.Introducción. La leishmaniasis cutánea localizada es endémica en la Península de Yucatán; hasta ahora, se considera que el agente causal Leishmania mexicana es transmitido a humanos por la picadura del insecto vector Lutzomyia olmeca olmeca y, posiblemente también, por Lu. cruciata. Aunque existen estudios sobre la ecología de ambas especies de fl ebotominos, se desconoce a la fecha si geográfi camente existe una variación genética entre poblaciones. Objetivo. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar si las poblaciones se pueden segregar en unidades independientes, con base en la evaluación de la variabilidad entre carácter(es) morfológico(s) de las poblaciones a través de un análisis discriminante. Materiales y Métodos. Especímenes de Lu. olmeca olmeca y Lu. cruciata fueron colectados en distintas localidades de los estados de Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán y Quintana Roo. Con la misma metodología de montaje y preservación, los especímenes fueron medidos con una regla micrométrica. Treinta y un caracteres fueron medidos para cada espécimen; una vez realizado el análisis univariado entre miembros de distintas poblaciones, se seleccionaron sólo los caracteres significativos y con ellos se hizo un análisis multivariado para la identifi cación de grupos. Resultados. Con el análisis univariado se encontró que para Lu. olmeca olmeca, de 31 caracteres evaluados, 26 resultaron signifi cativos, mientras que para Lu. cruciata se encontraron diferencias signifi cativas en 16 de 31 caracteres estudiados. Mientras que con el análisis multivariado se encontró que, para Lu. olmeca olmeca, la población de Becanchén se segregó del resto de las poblaciones. En el caso de Lu. cruciata, la discriminación fue para las localidades de Dos Naciones y de La Libertad con respecto al resto de las poblaciones. Conclusiones. Se confi rma que existe variabilidad geográfi ca a nivel de caracteres morfológicos entre poblaciones (análisis univariado) y a nivel individual considerando varios caracteres simultáneamente (análisis multivariado). Se requieren más estudios para confi rmar el nivel de heterogeneidad y aislamiento genético entre poblaciones de ambas especies de flebotominos

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Chiapas collected near the Guatemala border, with additions to the fauna of Mexico and a new subgenus name

Collections from four localities, two of the High Plateau and two of the Eastern Mountains Municipality of Chiapas, near the border with Guatemala, included 26 species with four new species records for Mexico: Lutzomyia (Helcocyrtomyia) hartmanni (Fairchild & Hertig, 1957), Dampfomyia (Coromyia) disneyi (Williams, 1987), Psychodopygus bispinosus (Fairchild & Hertig, 1951), and Psychodopygus corossoniensis (LePont & Pajot, 1978). These records represent an updated total of 50 species in Mexico, 48 of which are extant species and the remaining two fossils. The name Xiphopsathyromyia n. n. is proposed in substitution of Xiphomyia Artemiev, 1991, a homonym of Xiphomyia Townsend, 1917, a genus of Tachinidae (Diptera).Fil: Ibañez Bernal, Sergio. Instituto de Ecología; MéxicoFil: Muñoz, José. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; MéxicoFil: Rebollar Téllez, Eduardo A.. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; MéxicoFil: Pech May, Angélica del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; MéxicoFil: Marina, Carlos F.. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Méxic

The immature stages of Micropygomyia (Coquillettimyia) chiapanensis (Dampf) (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)

Oca-Aguilar, Ana Celia Montes De, Rebollar-Téllez, Eduardo A., Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio (2016): The immature stages of Micropygomyia (Coquillettimyia) chiapanensis (Dampf) (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae). Zootaxa 4105 (5): 455-482, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4105.5.