Valoración del estado psicomotor de los niños preescolares del Hogar Infantil Ormaza de la comuna Nor - Oriental de Pereira 2008, mediante el test de TEPSI

El desarrollo motor ha sido determinado por las acciones que los niños ejecutan según su lenguaje, motricidad y coordinación. Al nacer, el niño empieza una experiencia de vida y de movimiento, sujeta a cambios positivos como lo es el crecimiento y desarrollo de sus funciones psicomotoras. Pero además de estos cambios, el niño está expuesto a vivenciar estados negativos como lo son: los trastornos psicomotrices, los cuales dificultan una calidad de vida óptima e implican problemas sociales y personales. Si dichos trastornos se identifican a tiempo a través de escalas que faciliten la observación de las deficiencias y el estado de desarrollo motor actual, los educadores, los profesionales o personas que están en contacto con estos niños, podrán determinar intervenciones oportunas que contribuyan con el mantenimiento de las funciones actualmente adquiridas; y un desarrollo de las que aún pueden ser efectuadas por él. En la presente investigación, se evaluó el estado de desarrollo psicomotor de un grupo de 68 niños: 34 niños y 34 niñas, pertenecientes al Hogar Infantil Ormaza de la comuna nor-oriental de Pereira. La evaluación se realizó a través del test de Tepsi, el cual identifica el estado del desarrollo psicomotor actual y las falencias presentes de niños entre los 2 y los 5 años, en cuanto a: coordinación, lenguaje y motricidad, componentes de éste. Algunos de los resultados evidencian cómo las niñas tienen un mejor desempeño psicomotor que los niños; una predisposición por parte de los niños hombres a presentar trastornos psicomotrices, y una disminución progresiva con el aumento de la edad; específicamente entre las edades de los 5 a los 6 años. Al fin, se considera necesario motivar a los profesionales en Ciencias del Deporte y la Recreación, a crear y desarrollar protocolos de intervención que contribuyan con el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de los niños que se encuentran en estado de riesgo o retraso. De igual forma incentivar a la construcción de procedimientos que se encaminen hacia el mantenimiento de las funciones ya adquiridas, en especial a la edad entre los 4 y 5 años. Todo esto, con el fin de evitar que, cuando el niño vaya creciendo, sus funciones psicomotoras se disminuyan a grandes rasgos.Motor development has been determined by the actions that the children run as their language, motor skills and coordination. At birth, the child begins to experience life and movement, subject to positive changes like the growth and development of psychomotor functions. Besides these changes, the child is exposed to experiencing negative states such as: psychomotor disorders, which hamper optimal quality of life and involve social and personal problems. If such disorders are identified by time scales that allow visual inspection of the deficiencies and the status of current motor development, educators, professionals who are in contact with these children, may determine appropriate interventions that contribute to the maintenance the functions currently acquired, and a development of which can still be made for him. In the present study, we evaluated the state of psychomotor development of a group of 68 children: 34 boys and 34 girls, belonging to the Children's Home Ormaza of north-eastern municipality of Pereira. The assessment was conducted through TEPSI test, which identifies the current state of psychomotor development and the gaps present in children between 2 and 5 years, in terms of: coordination, language and motor, parts of it. Some of the results show how girls perform better psychomotor children, a willingness on the part of men to submit children psychomotor disorders, and a progressive decrease with increasing age, specifically between the ages of 5 to 6. Finally, it is considered necessary to motivate professionals in Sports Science and Recreation, to create and develop intervention protocols that contribute to improving the quality of life of children who are at risk or delay status. Similarly encouraging the construction of procedures that move towards the maintenance of the service and acquired, especially at the age between 4 and 5. All this, in order to avoid that when the child grows older, their psychomotor functions will decrease roughly

Numerical modeling of microfluidic through the smoothed particle hydrodynamics mesh-free lagrangian method

Orientador: Luiz Otávio Saraiva FerreiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecânicaResumo: O transporte controlado de pequenas quantidades de fluidos é fundamental para desenvolver os laboratórios químicos em um chip (Lab-On-a-Chip, ou LOC, em inglês), ou seja, sistemas miniaturizados de crescente utilização na análise em áreas como Química, Bioquímica, Farmácia e Biologia, que tendem a substituir os atuais equipamentos analíticos. Os microdispositivos são essenciais para o transporte controlado e preciso de fluidos. Porém, ainda não foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para o cálculo do comportamento de fluidos em micro-dispositivos, existindo assim uma demanda por modelos numéricos capazes de realizá-lo. Esse trabalho apresenta a implementação do método sem malha Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) no desenvolvimento de um simulador 2D para problemas de escoamento de fluidos em micro-dispositivos. O simulador foi programado na linguagem C/C++ para processamento em CPU e na linguagem CUDA-C para processamento em GPU. O estudo da formulação SPH incluiu fenômenos como tensão superficial, multi-fase, capilaridade e molhabilidade para problemas com interação fluido-fluido e fluido-estrutura. As etapas de desenvolvimento do simulador computacional foram: Revisão de métodos de partículas Lagrangianos sem malha elegíveis para a modelagem da interação fluido-estrutura em micro-sistemas; Metologia e formulação das equações constitutivas para a descrição do comportamento do fluido, da estrutura e da interação fluido-estrutura usando SPH; Implementação de fenômenos caraterísticos para micro-fluídica como multi-fase (líquido-líquido) e tensão superficial e capilaridade; E modelagem numérica de microdispositivos para caso de estudo em micro-válvulas e micro-bomba peristáltica. Todas as implementações das formulações no simulador foram validadas através da comparação com resultados da literatura e da experimentação. Assim, o principal objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar o método SPH como uma alternativa na modelagem numérica de fluidos com interação líquido-líquido e líquido-estrutura em problemas de micro-fluídicaAbstract: Controlled transport of small amounts of fluids is critical for Lab-On-a-Chip, miniaturized systems of increasing use of chemical, biochemical, pharmaceutical and biological analyzes that tend to replace current analytical equipment. Micro-Devices are essential for controlled and accurate transport of fluids. However, a methodology for the calculation of fluid behavior in micro-devices has not yet been developed, and there is a demand for capable numerical models. This work presents the implementation of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) meshless method in the development of a 2D simulator for fluid flow problems in micro-devices. The simulator was programmed in the C/C++ language for CPU processing and CUDA-C language for GPU processing. The study of SPH formulation included phenomena such as surface tension, multi-phase, capillarity and wettability between fluid-fluid and fluid-structure. The steps of development of the computational simulator were: Review of non-mesh lagrangean particle methods eligible for modeling of fluid-structure interaction in micro-systems; Metology and formulation of constitutive equations for the description of fluid, structure and fluid-structure behavior using SPH; Implementation of micro-fluidic phenomena such as multi-phase (liquid-liquid) and surface tension and capillarity. All implementations of formulations and simulator validated by comparing results in literature and experimentation. Thus, the main objective of this work was to demonstrate SPH as a tool in the numerical modeling of fluids in liquid-liquid interaction and liquid-structure for the problems involved in microfluidic and micro-devicesDoutoradoMecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto MecanicoDoutor em Engenharia Mecânica2012/21090-5FAPES

Funcionalidad física de personas mayores institucionalizadas y no institucionalizadas en barranquilla, colombia.

Objetivo Determinar la funcionalidad física de personas mayores institucionaliza­das y no institucionalizadas en Barranquilla, ColombiaMateriales y Métodos Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 469 perso­nas mayores (214 residentes en Hogares Geriátricos y 255 miembros de un club/grupo geriátrico). Se valoró la funcionalidad física en términos de dependencia o independencia a las actividades básicas de la vida diaria, utilizando el Índice de Barthel y las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria por medio del Índice de Lawton. Resultados El 73,6 % eran mujeres y el 26,4 % hombres. La media de edad fue de 76 (DE=8,9 años). Existe riesgo para mayor dependencia funcional en la ejecución de las actividades básicas de la vida diaria cuando las personas mayores tienen antecedentes [OR 3,0 (IC 2,0-4,5)], están institucionalizadas [OR 87,5 (IC 12,0-1789,9)] y realizan la deambulación o sus desplazamientos con ayuda/soporte [OR 19,4 (IC 19,8-35,1)]. En relación con los riesgos a la dependencia en las acti­vidades instrumentales de la vida diaria, éste es mayor en aquellas personas que viven en un hogar geriátrico [OR 77,8 (IC 28,6–224,3)] y deambulan con ayuda/soporte [OR 7,1 (IC 3,5-14,5)]. Conclusiones La funcionalidad de las personas mayores está relacionada con el lugar de residencia, con las ayudas o soportes para realizar la deambulación o desplazamiento y la presencia de antecedentes médicos

Ontogenetic differences in muscle fatty acid profile of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias off Guadalupe Island, México

Carcharodon carcharias is a protected species occupying the apex of most marine foodwebs where they are present. Aggregation areas, such as Guadalupe Island, México,  that have been related to feeding events, are of special interest for this species conservation. The aim of this study was to describe the fatty acid profile of C. carcharias' muscle for the first time on Guadalupe Island, using non-lethal biopsy methods to determine ontogenetic and sex differences in relation to diet and habitat use. Fatty acid profiles and biomarkers from different individuals are explored as a source of integrated information of their diet. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of individuals with varying total lengths (2.3-5.0 m) suggested a dietary shift between juveniles and adults occurring at aproximately 3 m. Fatty acid biomarkers indicated a higher degree of carnivorism in adults than in juveniles. Additionally, these ecological tracers suggested that juveniles feed in shallow waters close to the coast, while adults feed in deep waters along inshore and offshore areas. This study represents a first step towards using fatty acid composition as a relevant tool for further understanding dietary shifts and habitat use throughout the ontogeny of C. carcharias. However, to corroborate this, further studies with larger sample sizes are required

Direct Optimization of a PCI Express Link Equalization in Industrial Post-Silicon Validation

Post-silicon validation is a crucial industrial testing process in modern computer platforms. Post-silicon validation of high-speed input/output (HSIO) links can be critical for making a product release qualification. Peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) is a high-performance interconnect architecture widely adopted in the computer industry, and one of the most complex HSIO interfaces. PCIe data rates increase on every new generation. To mitigate channel effects due to the increase in transmission speeds, the PCIe specification defines requirements to perform equalization (EQ) at the transmitter (Tx) and at the receiver (Rx). During the EQ process, one combination of Tx/Rx EQ coefficients must be selected to meet the performance requirements of the system. Testing all possible coefficient combinations is prohibitive. Current industrial practice consists of finding a subset of combinations at post-silicon validation using maps of EQ coefficients, which are obtained by measuring the eye height, eye width, and the eye asymmetries of the received signal. Given the large number of electrical parameters and the multiplicity of signal eyes that are produced by on-die probes for observation, finding this subset of coefficients is often a challenge. In order to overcome this problem, a direct optimization method based on a suitable objective function formulation to efficiently tune the Tx and Rx EQ coefficients to successfully comply with the PCIe specification is presented in this report. The proposed optimization approach is based on a low-cost computational procedure combining pattern search and Nelder-Mead methods to efficiently solve an objective function with many local minima, and evaluated by lab measurements on a realistic industrial post-silicon validation platform

Evaluación de la aplicación de la metodología Last Planner en proyectos de interés prioritario utilizando herramientas informáticas

Trabajo de investigaciónEl actual documento de investigación busca evaluar uno de los sistemas de programación y control más a la vanguardia en el sector de la construcción en la actualidad, denominado, “Last Planner” el cual es una herramienta creada bajo la filosofía “Lean Construction” y basado en “Lean Manufacturing” y en el “Toyota Production Sistem”.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 2. JUSTIFICACIÓN 3. OBJETIVOS 4. CONCLUSIONES 5. RECOMENDACIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOSEspecializaciónEspecialista en Gerencia de Obras Civile