RAIN

Volume 14, Number 2 Inside: Working Communities; Community Supported Agriculture; Downtown Community Television; Workbikes and Society; Self-Reliance and Activism in India; Real and Imagined Communities; Cities Against Centralization; Neighborhood Controlled Food and Transport; Direct Self-Government; Respected Local Labor RAIN began in October 1974 as a publication of ECO-NET, an environmental education network funded by the Hill Foundation and an Environmental Education grant. Its office was based in the Environmental Education Center at Portland State University. With a focus on the Pacific Northwest, particularly Oregon, RAIN originally described itself as a “bulletin board” with an “emphasis on environmental/energy related and communications kinds of information” and interested in “the evolutionary possibilities of inter-disciplinary connections.”https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/rain_japt/1099/thumbnail.jp

Universidad y mass media

El autor del texto examina las relaciones entre Medios de Masas y Universidad, en todos sus puntos de conexión y efectos recíprocos. Nos recuerda la diferente función hoy establecida para ambos medios respecto a la transmisión de Información, y señala cómo actualmente la Universidad tiene una vital función en el completar el vacío dejado por los medios masivos respecto a conocimientos y cultura

RAIN

Volume 7, Number 10 Inside: Lost Latin Ecotopia; The Values of Waste RAIN began in October 1974 as a publication of ECO-NET, an environmental education network funded by the Hill Foundation and an Environmental Education grant. Its office was based in the Environmental Education Center at Portland State University. With a focus on the Pacific Northwest, particularly Oregon, RAIN originally described itself as a “bulletin board” with an “emphasis on environmental/energy related and communications kinds of information” and interested in “the evolutionary possibilities of inter-disciplinary connections.”https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/rain_japt/1067/thumbnail.jp

Assessment of broiler chicken welfare in Southern Brazil

Scientific literature on broiler chicken welfare in Brazilian industrial systems is scarce. This study aimed at assessing broiler chicken welfare on industrial farms in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, using the Welfare Quality (R) assessment protocol for poultry, to provide directly applicable scientific information. Results are presented as criteria scores ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better welfare; and percentages of prevalence. The scores classified as excellent (above 80) were absence of prolonged thirst, absence of prolonged hunger, litter quality, breast blister and touch test. Enhanced scores (between 55 and 80) were comfort around resting, plumage cleanliness and dust sheet test. Acceptable scores (between 20 and 55) were thermal comfort, stocking density, absence of injuries, footpad dermatitis and hock burn; and unacceptable scores (below 20) were lameness and qualitative behavioral assessment. The median percentage of mortality and culled birds were 5.2% and 0.6%, respectively. This study provides useful information to select priorities of action on assessed farms and may contribute for setting up legal standards and guiding decisions related to animal welfare issues in Brazil

RAIN

Volume 14, Number 3 Inside: Village-Organized Healthcare; The Homeless Garden Project; Center for Appropriate Transport; Ecotopia, Bulgaria RAIN began in October 1974 as a publication of ECO-NET, an environmental education network funded by the Hill Foundation and an Environmental Education grant. Its office was based in the Environmental Education Center at Portland State University. With a focus on the Pacific Northwest, particularly Oregon, RAIN originally described itself as a “bulletin board” with an “emphasis on environmental/energy related and communications kinds of information” and interested in “the evolutionary possibilities of inter-disciplinary connections.”https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/rain_japt/1100/thumbnail.jp