Situación epidemiológica del Covid-19 en Sudamérica: Epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in South America

Currently the coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has become a public health problem worldwide. In December 2019, in the city of Wuhan, province of Hubei, China, the first cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology were reported, which incremented rapidly in other provinces of the country. Subsequently, SARS-CoV2 was identified as the causal agent and in mid-January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported over 280 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in China, Thailand, Japan and Korea. In South America, the first case of COVID-19 is made known on February 26, 2020 in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, identified as a male patient of 61 years of age from the region of Lombardy in Italy. Soon after there were other confirmed cases imported from the Asian and European continents in other south American countries.Actualmente la infección por coronavirus (COVID-19) se ha convertido en un problema de salud públicaa nivel mundial. En diciembre del 2019, en la ciudad de Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, China, se reportaronlos primeros casos de neumonía de etiología desconocida, los cuales se incrementaron rápidamente enotras provincias del país. Posteriormente, se identificó al coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 como agente causal y, a mediados de enero del2020 la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) reportó más de 280 casos confirmados de COVID-19 enChina, Tailandia, Japón y Corea

Complicaciones Agudas Trans – Hemodiálisis en Pacientes Insuficientes Renales Crónicos Terminales Dializados en la Clínica Menydial de la Ciudad de Quito en el Primer Trimestre del año 2016

La Enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERCT) es la condición irreversible de deterioro de la ERC grado 5 (guías KDOQI-KDIGO, 2012), obliga un tratamiento sustitutivo de la función renal (TSFR) para continuar viviendo. La hemodiálisis (HD) es preferida, lamentablemente tiene factores de riesgo, comorbilidades y complicaciones, algunas potencialmente mortales. Objetivo: “Describir la prevalencia de CATH en pacientes con ERCT dializados en la Clínica Menydial-Quito durante el 1º trimestre del 2016”.Material y métodos: estudio de carácter cuantitativo, descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional, documental de corte transversal, analítico y correlacional en pacientes que cumplieron los requisitos de inclusión. Resultados: Se analizaron 3176 documentaciones de control de HD entre otros, pertenecientes a los 83 participantes: hombres 2248 (70,8%), mujeres 928 (29,2%), edad promedia 53,40 (13-82) años (DE 15,14). Las etiologías predominantes: nefropatía diabética (ND) 29,82%, glomerulonefritis crónica (GNC) 18,26% y Nefropatía hipertensiva (NH) 17,03%. Quiteños recibieron 1985 HD (62,5%), seguidos por lojanos 155 (4,88%). Existe una correlación medianamente fuerte entre peso seco y exceso de peso, con una correlación de Pearson 0,45 y R2 de 0,20 = 20%. Las 5 principales comorbilidades: HTA, anemia, gastritis, hiperparatiroidismo 2º y DM estuvieron presentes del 93,89% al 42,92% de los registros. Las 5 principales CATH: hipotensión arterial (34,96%), hipertensión arterial (16,93%), taquicardia (9,38%), calambres (4,43%) cefalea (3,56%). Correlacionándolas con los 5 exámenes de laboratorio más relevantes, el Na fue el principal relacionado con ellas. Conclusiones: Los hombres presentan mayor prevalencia para ERCT. Las etiologías mayores DM, GNC y NH. La principal comorbilidad HTA y la principal CATH, hipotensión arterial. Recomendaciones: Diseñar un nuevo protocolo, nueva hoja de control de HD y reentrenar al personal. Novedad: Na. Parece ser un buen indicador de posibles CATH. Sugerimos un estudio a mayor escala para corroborar las conclusiones de esta tesis

Non-standard connections in classical mechanics

In the jet-bundle description of first-order classical field theories there are some elements, such as the lagrangian energy and the construction of the hamiltonian formalism, which require the prior choice of a connection. Bearing these facts in mind, we analyze the situation in the jet-bundle description of time-dependent classical mechanics. So we prove that this connection-dependence also occurs in this case, although it is usually hidden by the use of the ``natural'' connection given by the trivial bundle structure of the phase spaces in consideration. However, we also prove that this dependence is dynamically irrelevant, except where the dynamical variation of the energy is concerned. In addition, the relationship between first integrals and connections is shown for a large enough class of lagrangians.Comment: 17 pages, Latex fil

¿Existe un sesgo en la participación y visibilidad de las mujeres en ecología? Una comparación entre los congresos ibérico y suizo

Women are still under-represented in science and technology because there is a bias in the different evaluation processes from the admission of oral communications at conferences to the access to more qualified positions. In this study, we compared the participation and visibility of female ecologists in the IV Iberian Ecological Conference (CIE4) with the Annual Swiss Conference on Ecology, Evolution, Systematics, Biogeography and Conservation (Biology16) where a method of blind evaluation was applied. In both conferences, and after active selection by conference committees, male delegates presented proportionately more regular oral contributions than female ones, although these differences were marginally significant. In the Biology16, this bias was due to lower female applicants for oral contributions, and in the CIE4, to a lower selection rate of female oral contributions. In the CIE4, the higher male presence in oral contributions was consistent with male greater visibility, whereas female visibility was higher in the Biology16. This different visibility was caused by contrasting selection for invited speakers; being male researches preferentially invited at the CIE4, but female ones at the Biology16. Implementing a blind review system of contributions and active policies to promote the participation of women as invited speakers may reduce the differences in visibility and could contribute in the medium term to eliminate the bias against women in the selection of oral contributions at the Iberian conferences

On the k-Symplectic, k-Cosymplectic and Multisymplectic Formalisms of Classical Field Theories

The objective of this work is twofold: First, we analyze the relation between the k-cosymplectic and the k-symplectic Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formalisms in classical field theories. In particular, we prove the equivalence between k-symplectic field theories and the so-called autonomous k-cosymplectic field theories, extending in this way the description of the symplectic formalism of autonomous systems as a particular case of the cosymplectic formalism in non-autonomous mechanics. Furthermore, we clarify some aspects of the geometric character of the solutions to the Hamilton-de Donder-Weyl and the Euler-Lagrange equations in these formalisms. Second, we study the equivalence between k-cosymplectic and a particular kind of multisymplectic Hamiltonian and Lagrangian field theories (those where the configuration bundle of the theory is trivial).Comment: 25 page

La Crisis de los alimentos y el pan: abordaje de los fenómenos químicos y sociales

Aquest article presenta una experiència didacticopedagògica curricular realitzada en un curs tècnic de cuina integrat a l'ensenyament mitjà de joves i adults. Es discuteix específicament una situació problematitzadora: la crisi dels aliments i, en particular, el cas del pa. A la proposta es va buscar la creació d'un diàleg entre els continguts que havien de ser estudiats i les experiències vivencials dels alumnes. L'objectiu va ser «conceptualitzar» el context.Este artículo presenta una experiencia didáctico-pedagógica curricular realizada en un curso técnico de cocina integrado a la enseñanza media de jóvenes y adultos. Se discute específicamente una situación problematizadora: la crisis de los alimentos y, en particular, el caso del pan. En la propuesta, se buscó crear un diálogo entre los contenidos que iban a ser estudiados y las experiencias vivenciales de los alumnos. El objetivo fue «conceptualizar» el contexto.This article presents a didactic-pedagogical curriculum experience that took place during a technical course about food which was integrated into the high school education for young people and adults. It is discussed specifically as a problematic situation:the food crisis and, in particular, bread. The proposal sought to create a dialogue between the contents that were to be studied and the experiences that the students would bring from their lives. The objective was to conceptualize the context

Quantum Conductance Steps in Solutions of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

We have prepared solutions of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in Aroclor 1254, a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls. The solutions are stable at room temperature. Transport measurements were performed using a scanning--tunneling probe on a sample prepared by spin--coating of the solution on gold substrates. Conductance steps were clearly seen. An histogram of a high number of traces shows maximum peaks at integer values of the conductance quantum $G_0 = 2e^2/h$, demonstrating ballistic transport at room temperature along the carbon nanotube over distances longer than $1.4\mu m$.Comment: 4 pages and 2 figure

Zonación de las rocas metamórficas del Valle de Aburra y sus alrededores

Mapas, ilustracionesEn el flanco occidental de la Cordillera Central las rocas metamórficas presentan una clara polaridad: rocas de bajo grado -facies esquisto verde- ocupan la parta más occidental y rocas de alto grado-facies anfibolita - la oriental; las primeras se agrupan en la zona Montebello y las segundas en la Zona Ayurá. Las rocas de la Zona Montebello aparentemente suprayacen a las de la Zona Ayurá. Estas, a su vez suprayacen a un conjunto de anfibolitas. Además en la parte inferior de los metasedimentos de la zona Ayurá se encuentran intercalaciones concordantes de anfibolita. La gran variedad de rocas encontrada en las zonas Montebello y Ayurá se interpreta como una secuencia eugeosinclinal- que incluía grauvacas, lodolitas, sedimentos calcáreos y material de origen volcánico; además, en la Zona Montebello se encuentra un ortoneis granítico. Las anfibolitas se originaron por el metamorfismo del material basáltico que construyó el fondo oceánico de la cuenca donde se depositaron los materiales que dieron lugar a los metasedimentos. Todo el conjunto de Rocas sufrió metamorfismo regional de tipo Abukuma. (Texto tomado de la fuente)On the western flank of the the Colombian Central Cordillera, two clarly distinct zones of metamophic rocks are present: the westernmonst side, the Montebello Zone, shows low-grade (greenchist facies) metamorphic rocks, and the easternmost side, the Ayura Zone, high-grade (amphibolite facies) metamorphic rocks. The Montebello Zone apparently overlies the Ayura Zone, which, in turn, overlies amphibolite rocks. Concordanr intercalations of amphibiolite are present in the lower part of Ayura metasediments. The wide variety of metamorphic rocks present in both zones is interpreted here as a metamorphosed eugeo – sinclinal sequence. The original sequence included greywackes, siltstones, pelitic sediments, cherts, quartz-ose sandstones, calcareous sediments, and volcanic materials. In the Montebello Zone, a granitic orthogneiss id found as well. The origin of the amphibolites is adscribed to the metamorphism of the basaltic oceanic crust which constituted the floor of the basin where the source materials of the metasediments were deposited. The group, as a whole, underwent Abukuma type regional metamorphism.Desde sus inicios en 1912 se llamó "Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Minas", a partir del No. 48 en 1940 cambio a "Anales de la Facultad Nacional de Minas