Removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solutions by an Arthrobacter viscosus biofilm supported on zeolite : from laboratory to pilot scale

This study discusses the retention of Ni(II) by Arthrobacter viscosus supported on zeolite 13 X in batch mode and in continuous mode, at laboratory scale and at pilot scale. The maximum adsorption capacities of 28.37, 20.21 and 11.13 mg/g were recorded for lab scale batch, for continuous lab scale minicolumns and for pilot scale bioreactors, respectively. The Sips isotherm and pseudo second order kinetics described well the observations registered in batch assays. The Adams–Bohart, Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models were applied to data obtained with the pilot scale bioreactor and a good fit was reached for Adams–Bohart and for Yoon–Nelson models. A fed-batch was performed at lab scale and the applicability of the biofilm in continuous mode for the described purpose was confirmed. The sorption mechanism was investigated in detail through FTIR, SEM and EDX analyses.The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this project by the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal and co- funding by FSE (programme QREN - POPH). Cristina Quintelas thanks FCT for a Post-Doc grant (SFRH/ BPD/ 32113/ 2006)

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Assessment of the effects of growth conditions on starch and lipid accumulation in microalgae

ÖZETMikroalglerin ürettiği lipitlerden elde edilen biyodizel umut vadedici bir enerji kaynağı olarak görülmektedir. Biyodizelin üretim maliyeti ve kalitesi ticarileşmesi açısından iki önemli parametredir. Sunulan çalışmada, potansiyel biyodizel kaynağı olarak bir tatlı su mikroalgi olan Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-12, BG-11 besiyerinde büyütülmüştür. Farklı konsantrasyonlardaki NaCl, glukoz ve gliserol içeriğinin Chlorella vulgaris’ in büyüme profili ile nişasta ve lipit üretimi üzerine etkisinin araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. NaCl, glukoz ve gliserol konsantrasyonları için deneysel aralık, merkezi karma dizayn (central composide design) yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek büyüme hızı olan 0.635 d-1, 0.9% NaCl, 0.8% glukoz ve gliserol içeren BG-11 besiyerinde elde edilmiştir. Palmitik asit (C16:0), stearik asit (C18:0), oleik asit (C18:1), linoleik asit (C18:2), linolenik asit (C18:3), miristik asit (C14:0) ve pentadekanoik asit (C15:0) Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-12 hücreleri tarafından üretilen temel yağ asitleridir. Bu yağ asitlerinin, toplam kültür hacmi olan 150 mL’ deki maksimum 2.571 mg değerine 0.9% NaCl, 0.8% glikoz ve gliserol varlığında ulaştığı görülmüştür. 0.9% NaCl, 0.3% glikoz ve gliserol içeren BG-11 besiyerinde en yüksek palmitik asit (C16:0) oranı (40.67%) elde edilmiştir. En yüksek stearik asit (C18:0) oranı ise (22.16%), 2.5% NaCl, 0.6% glikoz ve gliserol içeren BG-11 besiyerinde elde edilmiştir.En yüksek toplam yağ asidi metil ester (mg) miktarı ve C16:0 oranına ulaşmak amacıyla besiyerine eklenmesi gereken NaCl, glikoz ve gliserol bileşenlerinin optimizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiş ve tahmin edilen maksimum toplam yağ asidi metil ester miktarına (2.6169 mg) 0.9% NaCl, 0.8% glikoz ve 0.9424% gliserol varlığında ulaşılacağı belirlenmiştir. Optimizasyon sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek C16:0 oranını sağlayan optimum besiyerinin, 0.5% NaCl, 1.0% glikoz ve 1.0% gliserol içeren BG-11 besiyeri olduğu ve bu besiyerinde kütlece maksimum C16:0 yüzdesinin 39.76% olacağı bulunmuştur.ABSTRACTBiodiesel obtained from microalgal lipids is considered as a promising energy source. Cost of production and quality of biodiesel are two important parameters for commercialization. In this study a freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-12 as a potential biodiesel source was cultivated in BG-11 medium. Growth profile, carbohydrate and lipid accumulation of cells were investigated in the presence of various concentrations of NaCl, glucose and glycerol. Experimental range of NaCl, glucose and glycerol concentrations were determined using central composite design. Results showed that cells reached the highest growth rate of 0.635 d-1 in the BG-11 medium containing 0.9% NaCl, 0.8% glucose and glycerol. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3), myristic acid (C14:0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) were the common fatty acids produced by Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-12. Total amount of those fatty acids in 150 mL culture volume was maximum of 2.571 mg in the presence of 0.9% NaCl, 0.8% glucose and glycerol. In BG-11 medium including 0.9% NaCl, 0.3% glucose and glycerol, palmitic acid (C16:0) mass fraction was maximum of 40.67% of total fatty acids. The highest stearic acid (C18:0) mass fraction (22.16%) was obtained in the presence of 2.5% NaCl, 0.6% glucose and glycerol.In order to reveal best medium for maximum total FAME (mg) accumulation and C16:0 mass fraction, optimization of NaCl, glucose and glycerol concentrations in growth medium was performed. Results demonstrated that maximum predicted value for total FAME amount was 2.6169 mg in the presence of 0.9 % NaCl, 0.8% glucose and 0.9424% glycerol. BG-11 medium containing 0.5% NaCl, 1.0% glucose and 1.0% glycerol was predicted to be the optimum medium for highest C16:0 mass fraction of 39.76%

Assessment of the effects of growth conditions on starch and lipid accumulation in microalgae

Mikroalglerin ürettiği lipitlerden elde edilen biyodizel umut vadedici bir enerji kaynağı olarak görülmektedir. Biyodizelin üretim maliyeti ve kalitesi ticarileşmesi açısından iki önemli parametredir. Sunulan çalışmada, potansiyel biyodizel kaynağı olarak bir tatlı su mikroalgi olan Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-12, BG-11 besiyerinde büyütülmüştür. Farklı konsantrasyonlardaki NaCl, glukoz ve gliserol içeriğinin Chlorella vulgaris’ in büyüme profili ile nişasta ve lipit üretimi üzerine etkisinin araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. NaCl, glukoz ve gliserol konsantrasyonları için deneysel aralık, merkezi karma dizayn (central composide design) yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek büyüme hızı olan 0.635 d-1, 0.9% NaCl, 0.8% glukoz ve gliserol içeren BG-11 besiyerinde elde edilmiştir. Palmitik asit (C16:0), stearik asit (C18:0), oleik asit (C18:1), linoleik asit (C18:2), linolenik asit (C18:3), miristik asit (C14:0) ve pentadekanoik asit (C15:0) Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-12 hücreleri tarafından üretilen temel yağ asitleridir. Bu yağ asitlerinin, toplam kültür hacmi olan 150 mL’ deki maksimum 2.571 mg değerine 0.9% NaCl, 0.8% glikoz ve gliserol varlığında ulaştığı görülmüştür. 0.9% NaCl, 0.3% glikoz ve gliserol içeren BG-11 besiyerinde en yüksek palmitik asit (C16:0) oranı (40.67%) elde edilmiştir. En yüksek stearik asit (C18:0) oranı ise (22.16%), 2.5% NaCl, 0.6% glikoz ve gliserol içeren BG-11 besiyerinde elde edilmiştir. En yüksek toplam yağ asidi metil ester (mg) miktarı ve C16:0 oranına ulaşmak amacıyla besiyerine eklenmesi gereken NaCl, glikoz ve gliserol bileşenlerinin optimizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiş ve tahmin edilen maksimum toplam yağ asidi metil ester miktarına (2.6169 mg) 0.9% NaCl, 0.8% glikoz ve 0.9424% gliserol varlığında ulaşılacağı belirlenmiştir. Optimizasyon sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek C16:0 oranını sağlayan optimum besiyerinin, 0.5% NaCl, 1.0% glikoz ve 1.0% gliserol içeren BG-11 besiyeri olduğu ve bu besiyerinde kütlece maksimum C16:0 yüzdesinin 39.76% olacağı bulunmuştur. ABSTRACT Biodiesel obtained from microalgal lipids is considered as a promising energy source. Cost of production and quality of biodiesel are two important parameters for commercialization. In this study a freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-12 as a potential biodiesel source was cultivated in BG-11 medium. Growth profile, carbohydrate and lipid accumulation of cells were investigated in the presence of various concentrations of NaCl, glucose and glycerol. Experimental range of NaCl, glucose and glycerol concentrations were determined using central composite design. Results showed that cells reached the highest growth rate of 0.635 d-1 in the BG-11 medium containing 0.9% NaCl, 0.8% glucose and glycerol. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3), myristic acid (C14:0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) were the common fatty acids produced by Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-12. Total amount of those fatty acids in 150 mL culture volume was maximum of 2.571 mg in the presence of 0.9% NaCl, 0.8% glucose and glycerol. In BG-11 medium including 0.9% NaCl, 0.3% glucose and glycerol, palmitic acid (C16:0) mass fraction was maximum of 40.67% of total fatty acids. The highest stearic acid (C18:0) mass fraction (22.16%) was obtained in the presence of 2.5% NaCl, 0.6% glucose and glycerol. In order to reveal best medium for maximum total FAME (mg) accumulation and C16:0 mass fraction, optimization of NaCl, glucose and glycerol concentrations in growth medium was performed. Results demonstrated that maximum predicted value for total FAME amount was 2.6169 mg in the presence of 0.9 % NaCl, 0.8% glucose and 0.9424% glycerol. BG-11 medium containing 0.5% NaCl, 1.0% glucose and 1.0% glycerol was predicted to be the optimum medium for highest C16:0 mass fraction of 39.76%

Farklı Işık Kaynakları Polimerizasyonda Ne Kadar Isı Oluşturur ?

Öz Amaç Bu çalışmanın amacı; in-vitro ortamda Mineral Trioksit Agregat (MTA) uygulamayı gerektiren derin kavitelerin restorasyonunda, rezin esaslı materyallerin polimerizasyonu için kullanılan farklı ışık kaynaklarının oluşturduğu ısı değişimlerini karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem Üç farklı ışık kaynağıyla (Elipar S10/3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA, WoodPecker/LEDB/KEJU Met. Prod., Foshan, China and WoodPecker/Kesikli) gerçekleştirilen polimerizasyon sırasında ortaya çıkan ısı farklarını belirleyebilmek için dijital termometreli, ortasında ısıyı algılayan metal proba sahip bir düzenek (ENDA ET4420® PID Istanbul/TÜRKİYE) oluşturulmuştur. Düzeneğe yerleştirilmek üzere 2x2 cm boyutlarında, 2 mm kalınlığında, ortasında 3.5 mm çaplı boşluklu teflon diskler hazırlanmıştır. Disk düzeneğe yerleştirilip ortam ısısı kaydedilmiştir. Diskin kalınlığına uygun olarak MTA (MTA-Forte, Pyrax Polymers, Hindistan) konulmuş ve üzerine rezin modifiye cam iyonomer siman (RMCİS) uygulanmıştır. Üretici firmanın önerisi doğrultusunda 20, 30 ve 40. saniyelerdeki ısı değişimleri not edilip karşılaştırılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler IBM SPSS-22 programı ile yapılmış, ışık cihazlarının kıyaslanmasında Mann-Whitney-U testi kullanılmıştır. (

Educational Policymaking and Hegemony: Monolithic Voices from Civil Society

This article discusses the changes in basic education in Turkey, with a particular focus on religious education and its ramifications for the education system. The latest education reform, 4 + 4 + 4 (or 4+), the largest education reform in recent Turkish history, has brought radical changes to the school system regarding religious education. For this research, journalists and teacher unionists were interviewed to investigate civil society’s perspective on the reform. Several themes were extracted from the data analysis but this article focuses on one dominant theme, namely the rise of religiosity. We argue that the state and its private associations (i.e. media, unions and political parties) are actively encouraging a process of Islamisation and a gradual but stronger emphasis on Islam in the public sphere in order to consolidate its hegemonic dominance

Histopathological examination of acute appendicitis tissue in children during the COVID-19 pandemic

In this study, we prospectively investigated the histopathological features of the removed appendix tissue in pediatric patients who were operated on with the preliminary diagnosis of appendicitis. A catarrhal appendicitis group (n=43), a phlegmonous appendicitis group (n=28), a gangrenous appendicitis group (n=19), a perforated appendicitis group (n=35), and an appendicitis +COVID-19 group (n=7) were formed. The control group consisted of 21 children. A section of each patient's appendix tissue from the part with the highest diameter was taken for histopathological examination. The sections were routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The two pathologists evaluated all H&E sections in a light microscope. The evaluation results were analyzed statistically. No significant differences in age and gender were found between all groups. The results of neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in all tissue layers of all groups were significantly different. Neutrophil count in the mucosa and muscularis propria in the appendix tissues of the control group were found to be zero. Among all groups, the highest number of neutrophil counts in the mucosa and muscularis propria were found in the perforated group. Among all groups, the highest number of lymphocyte counts in mucosa and muscularis propria were found in the Covid-19 group. The mucosal erosion, intraluminal neutrophils, and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were negative in all samples in the control group. Neutrophil accumulation in the mucosa and muscularis propria layers in appendix tissue together with other inflammation findings are important in the histopathological diagnosis of appendicitis. In patients with Covid-19 infection, appendicitis may occur, in which case, severe accumulation of lymphocytes appears in the mucosal layer in addition. [Med-Science 2022; 11(4.000): 1527-33

Defining Unexpected Strategies to Inhabit Transitional Conflict Spaces

If war has always challenged architecture, threatening its permanence and layering its memory, it composes, at the same time, an important part of the design tradition (B. Cache, 2007). The paper investigates how architecture has tried to overcome this implied ambiguity through a reinterpretation of its own language, in the attempt to inhabit the transitory spaces and extreme conditions produced by the conflict. By comparing two extremely different case studies, the Nevada National Security Site and the villages established by the Serbian filmmaker Emir Kusturica, the paper underlines how war destructive and fascinating power has been reinterpreted, in the first case in order to attract tourists (A.Santarossa, 2012) or exploited, in the second example, as the pretext to invent an ideal future (N.Srnicek, A.Williams, 2018), within a progressive process of mixing entertainment space and conflict dystopian settings