Evaluation of Mother and Fetus after a Traumatic Event: An Overview

Trauma due to accidents or violence is a common complication during pregnancies. Every woman in reproductive age who has been admitted due to trauma should be considered pregnant until proven otherwise. A multidisciplinary approach is usually warranted to optimize the outcome for both the mother and her fetus and some headlines should always be taken into consideration when dealing with a pregnant trauma patient. In major trauma, obstetrician consultation should be done as soon as possible. You should not delay indicated radiographic studies due to concerns regarding fetal exposure to radiation. It is preferable to perform one computed tomography (CT) scan with iodinated contrast rather than multiple suboptimal imaging procedures without contrast. Physiologic changes during pregnancy put injured pregnant woman at increased risk, necessitates special attention. In this paper we try to overview on some important aspects of a pregnant trauma patient management

Evaluation of Mother and Fetus after a Traumatic Event: An Overview

Trauma due to accidents or violence is a common complication during pregnancies. Every woman in reproductive age who has been admitted due to trauma should be considered pregnant until proven otherwise. A multidisciplinary approach is usually warranted to optimize the outcome for both the mother and her fetus and some headlines should always be taken into consideration when dealing with a pregnant trauma patient. In major trauma, obstetrician consultation should be done as soon as possible. You should not delay indicated radiographic studies due to concerns regarding fetal exposure to radiation. It is preferable to perform one computed tomography (CT) scan with iodinated contrast rather than multiple suboptimal imaging procedures without contrast. Physiologic changes during pregnancy put injured pregnant woman at increased risk, necessitates special attention. In this paper we try to overview on some important aspects of a pregnant trauma patient management

Intrauterine Bowel Rupture of Fetus from Stab Wound Injury in a Pregnant Woman: A Case- Report

Background: Penetrating injuries of the uterus are rare complications during pregnancy which happen most by stab and gunshot wounds. Although the fetus is enclosed within the protective shield of the uterus, it is vulnerable to forceful trauma to the maternal abdomen. Cases Report: Following an upper abdominal stab wound to the 18-week pregnant mother, fetal death had occurred in the uterine. She was resuscitated and underwent exploratory laparotomy and hysterotomy. The patient had a 3cm laceration on the upper anterior fundus, which has caused the rupture of membrane, leading to fetal death and protruding of bowel loops. After surgery, she was transformed into the recovery room with stable hemodynamic status. Conclusion: Trauma during pregnancy is a significant burden due to morbidity and mortality that follows mother and fetus for developed countries. The ultimate purpose is to provide optimal care for a mother and fetus

Association between oral findings and laboratory tests in children and adolescents undergoing dialysis : a cross- sectional study

Diagnosis of oral complications in the dialysis patients is important to prevent potential infections. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare oral findings in dialysis patients with healthy individuals and determination of the correlation of these findings and laboratory tests. In this cross-sectional study, DMFT, dmft, DI , CI , OHIS , PI, GI and enamel defects were evaluated in 25 hemodialysis patients, 30 peritoneal dialysis patients and 26 healthy individuals. Then the correlation of laboratory tests (including Hemoglobin, Urea, Creatinine, Ca, Na, Ph, K and ALP) and oral findings was determined in each groups using SPSS (Version 16). Data analyzed with One-way ANOVA test, Chi-Square , Kruskal-Wallis , Tukey?s test and Fisher?s-Exact test. Findings revealed significant differences in dmft, DI, CI, OHIs, PI and GI between study groups. A positive correlation between Ca and DI was found in hemodialysis group. In peritoneal dialysis group positive significant correlations between DMFT index and Urea, Cr , ALP and K , between OHIs and K , between PI and Cr and negative correlations between Na and CI and OHIs were found. Presence of oral problems in dialysis patients, especially hemodialysis, indicate the necessity of appropriate therapeutic considerations in these patients. The correlation of blood biochemical compounds and oral status in dialysis patients may warn clinicians to control the level of the biochemical blood compounds for oral health improvement

Is gross morphology of placenta, umbilical cord, and neonatal outcome in well-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancy different? A case-control study

Background: The relation of placental gross morphology and the outcome of pregnancies complicated with diabetes mellitus in comparison with healthy pregnancies is not known. Identifying significant differences in pregnancy outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and healthy pregnancies by the means of morphologic measurements can induce the use of antenatal ultrasonography of placental parameters to predict pregnancy outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between placental morphological parameters of the placenta and cord and the outcomes of pregnancies complicated with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, which was conducted at two referral perinatology center in Tehran between March 2017 and November 2018, 60 pregnant women with GDM who were controlled with either diet or insulin as the case group and 60 pregnant women without GDM as the control group were enrolled. The study population were selected from patients who had their prenatal care and delivery in Mahdieh and Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital. The data was collected by taking sickness history, using data from patients files, and measuring of placental and newborn parameters after delivery. GDM was diagnosed either by 75 gr or 100 gr oral glucose tolerance tests. Placenta parameters, umbilical cord features, and newborn outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: Placental weight, diameter, number of lobes, thickness, placental weight tonewborn weight ratio, place of umbilical cord insertion, length, coiling, and diameter of the umbilical cord are similar in two groups. Newborn weight, NICU admission, ABG, and Apgar score are also the same in well-controlled GDM pregnancy and pregnancy without GDM. Conclusion: Good controlled GDM causes no difference in placental gross morphology and pregnancy outcome compared to a healthy pregnancy. Key words: Placenta, Umbilical cord, Gestational diabetes mellitus

Frequency Disentangled Features in Neural Image Compression

The design of a neural image compression network is governed by how well the entropy model matches the true distribution of the latent code. Apart from the model capacity, this ability is indirectly under the effect of how close the relaxed quantization is to the actual hard quantization. Optimizing the parameters of a rate-distortion variational autoencoder (R-D VAE) is ruled by this approximated quantization scheme. In this paper, we propose a feature-level frequency disentanglement to help the relaxed scalar quantization achieve lower bit rates by guiding the high entropy latent features to include most of the low-frequency texture of the image. In addition, to strengthen the de-correlating power of the transformer-based analysis/synthesis transform, an augmented self-attention score calculation based on the Hadamard product is utilized during both encoding and decoding. Channel-wise autoregressive entropy modeling takes advantage of the proposed frequency separation as it inherently directs high-informational low-frequency channels to the first chunks and conditions the future chunks on it. The proposed network not only outperforms hand-engineered codecs, but also neural network-based codecs built on computation-heavy spatially autoregressive entropy models.Comment: Accepted to 30$^{th}$ IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2023

Antioxidative effects of mulberry foliage extract in African catfish diet

This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidative potential and quality of the meat of African catfish fed mulberry foliage extract (MFE). A total of 360 juvenile African catfish (8.4 ± 0.2 g) were fed four diets namely, basal diet (control), MFE-2 (2 g MFE kg−1), MFE-5 (5 g MFE kg−1) and MFE-7 (7 g MFE kg−1) for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, muscles were excised, vacuum-packaged and conditioned for 0, 7 and 14 days in a chiller (4°C). The meat from fish fed MFE-5 and MFE-7 had significantly (P < 0.05) greater total phenols content than the other dietary groups. This value reduced (P < 0.05) during storage. The DPPH-scavenging effect of MFE-7 increased (P < 0.05) compared with the others. It decreased (P < 0.05) during storage. The lowest POV was revealed (P < 0.05) in MFE-7. The 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (POV) increased (P < 0.05) during storage. The pH value was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in MFE supplemented diets than in the control group. It is concluded that MFE at the concentration of 7 g kg−1 DM is potential dietary antioxidant supplements, to improve the quality of fish meat

Antioxidative effects of mulberry foliage extract in African catfish diet

This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidative potential and quality of the meat of African catfish fed mulberry foliage extract (MFE). A total of 360 juvenile African catfish (8.4 ± 0.2 g) were fed four diets namely, basal diet (control), MFE-2 (2 g MFE kg−1), MFE-5 (5 g MFE kg−1) and MFE-7 (7 g MFE kg−1) for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, muscles were excised, vacuum-packaged and conditioned for 0, 7 and 14 days in a chiller (4°C). The meat from fish fed MFE-5 and MFE-7 had significantly (P < 0.05) greater total phenols content than the other dietary groups. This value reduced (P < 0.05) during storage. The DPPH-scavenging effect of MFE-7 increased (P < 0.05) compared with the others. It decreased (P < 0.05) during storage. The lowest POV was revealed (P < 0.05) in MFE-7. The 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (POV) increased (P < 0.05) during storage. The pH value was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in MFE supplemented diets than in the control group. It is concluded that MFE at the concentration of 7 g kg−1 DM is potential dietary antioxidant supplements, to improve the quality of fish meat

White Mulberry ( Morus alba

Two experiments were simultaneously conducted with Morus alba (white mulberry) foliage extract (MFE) as a growth promoter and treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in separate 60 and 30 days trail (Experiments 1 and 2, resp.) in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). In Experiment 1, four diets, control and control supplemented with 2, 5, or 7 g MFE/kg dry matter (DM) of diet, were used. In Experiment 2, fish were intraperitoneally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and fed the same diets as experiment 1 plus additional two diets with or without antibiotic. Results of experiment 1 showed that growth was unaffected by dietary levels of MFE. Treatments with the inclusion of MFE at the levels of 5 and 7 g/Kg DM had no mortality. Red blood cells (RBC), albumin, and total protein were all higher for the treatments fed MFE (5 and 7 g/Kg DM). Results of experiment 2 showed RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, globulin, albumin, and total protein improved with the increase in MFE in the infected fish. The dietary MFE at the level of 7 g/kg DM reduced mortality rate. In conclusion, MFE at the level of 7 g/kg DM could be a valuable dietary supplement to cure the infected fish

Dietary Euphorbia hirta extract improved the resistance of sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus to Aeromonas hydrophila

Aqueous and methanol extracts of lemon Citrus limon peel, Euphorbia hirta (aerial parts), and fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. A swab paper disk method showed that the methanol extract of E. hirta (EHE) had the largest inhibition zone and the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration compared to all other herbal extracts. Based on these results, EHE was included in the diets of Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus at 0 (control), 2, 5, or 7 g/kg of diet (experiment 1). Each treatment was conducted in triplicate, with 30 fish (mean weight ± SE = 9.4 ± 0.4 g) in each replicate. After 30 d, the growth, feed intake, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and plasma biochemical parameters were measured. With a separate batch of Sharptooth Catfish, the efficacy of the EHE diets in conferring fish resistance to A. hydrophila over 30 d was compared to that of a diet containing oxytetracycline (OTC; experiment 2). Six treatments were conducted in triplicate groups of 30 fish (mean weight ± SE = 9.0 ± 0.3 g); the Control fish were fed the control diet and were not injected with A. hydrophila, while the Control-AH and OTC-AH groups were infected with A. hydrophila and were fed either the control diet or the diet containing OTC at 1 g/199 g. The other three treatments included fish that were injected with A. hydrophila but fed diets with increasing EHE at 2, 5, or 7 g/kg. Experiment 1 showed no change to growth, feeding efficiency, HSI, or plasma biochemical parameters. In experiment 2, however, fish that were fed dietary EHE at 5 g/kg had significantly lower mortality than the Control-AH group, with further resistance observed for fish fed EHE at 7 g/kg. Dietary OTC was more effective than EHE as a prophylactic to A. hydrophila infection in Sharptooth Catfish. Nevertheless, EHE can potentially be a valuable dietary supplement to improve the resistance of Sharptooth Catfish to A. hydrophila infection