KOMUNIKASI PUBLIC RELATION PONDOK PESANTREN DARUL AZHAR DALAM MEMBANGUN CITRA POSITIF PADA MASYARAKAT ACEH TENGGARA

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi komunikasi public relation Pondok Pesantren Darul Azhar dalam Membangun citra positif dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor pendukung dalam berkomunikasi melalui praktek public relation yang digunakan serta mengetahui hambatan serta solusi dari hambatan tersebut dalam menerapkan komunikasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Darul Azhar Jalan Kutacane Blangkejeran, Deleng Megakhe Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, yaitu suatu penelitian yang berupaya menghimpun data, mengolah, menganalisa dan menafsirkan secara kualitatif dan mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan sejumlah variabel yang berkenaan dengan masalah dan unit yangditeliti. Informan penelitian ini terdiri dari 1 Pesantren Darul Azhar, 3 orang dari Ustad Pondok pesantren Darul Azhar, 3 orang dari Masyarakat. Teknik Pengumpulan data digunakan dengan obserasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Strategi komunikasi Public Relation Pondok Pesantren Darul Azhar Dalam Membangun Citra Positif Pada Masyarakat Aceh Tenggara yakni mengenal khalayak sebagai sasaran komunikasi, menyusun pesan yang akan disampaikan kepada khalayak, menentukan metode komunikasi seperti redundancy yaitu mengulang-ulang pesan yang disampaikan; canalizing yaitu memahami kelompok yang menjadi sasaran strategi komunikasi; informatif yaitu memberikan informasi; persuasive yaitu mempengaruhi dan Memberikan; edukatif yaitu mendidik, kemudian strategi yang dilakukan selanjutnya pemilihan penggunaan media, dan terakhir peranan komunikator. Hambatan Public Relation Pondok Pesantren Darul Azhar Terbesar adalah kurangnya Komunikasi dan kesulitan dalam menyatakan Persepsi yang menghambat seluruh proses komunikasi. Adapun hambatan lainnya masih bisa diatasi dengan mudah

The Approaches to Increase Employees’ Loyalty: A Review on Employees’ Turnover Models

It is a widely acknowledged fact that retaining organizational employees is a critical challenge to many human resource managers, however, this relationship is said to be an important mechanisms through which socialization tactics influence commitment and turnover. From a managerial perspective, the attraction and retention of high-quality employees is more important today than ever before. A numbers of trends make it vital that firms acquire and retain human capital as it is known in human resource that turnover is the rate at which an employer gains and misplaces employees or how long employees tend to stay. Authors have pointed out that turnover is one of the most researched phenomenon in organizational behavior. Issues they need to consider may be in the areas of shrinking pool of entry-level workers, individual differences, use of temporary workers, productivity and competitiveness, retirement benefits and skills development. As it is typical for most studies on turnover, the focus is mainly on members leaving rather than entering the organization. High turnover is harmful to a company’s productivity if it involves skilled workers. Organizations are increasingly concerned about their capability to retain their key employees such as high performer and employees who make an important contribution to stimulate organization’s innovative behavior. Consequent upon this, this research seeks to review some of the past models with a view to understanding the trend and proffer recommendations to organizational policy makers in both public and private organization

The Costs of Climate Change: A Study of Cholera in Tanzania

Increased temperatures and changes in rainfall patterns as a result of climate change are widely recognized to entail potentially serious consequences for human health, including an increased risk of diarrheal diseases. This study integrates historical data on temperature and rainfall with the burden of disease from cholera in Tanzania and uses socioeconomic data to control for the impacts of general development on the risk of cholera. The results show a significant relationship between temperature and the incidence of cholera. For a 1 degree Celsius temperature increase the initial relative risk of cholera increases by 15 to 29 percent. Based on the modeling results, we project the number and costs of additional cases of cholera that can be attributed to climate change by 2030 in Tanzania for a 1 and 2 degree increase in temperatures, respectively. The total costs of cholera attributable to climate change are shown to be in the range of 0.32 to 1.4 percent of GDP in Tanzania 2030. The results provide useful insights into national-level estimates of the implications of climate change on the health sector and offer information which can feed into both national and international debates on financing and planning adaptation

Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

This Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX) has been jointly coordinated by Working Groups I (WGI) and II (WGII) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The report focuses on the relationship between climate change and extreme weather and climate events, the impacts of such events, and the strategies to manage the associated risks. The IPCC was jointly established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), in particular to assess in a comprehensive, objective, and transparent manner all the relevant scientific, technical, and socioeconomic information to contribute in understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, the potential impacts, and the adaptation and mitigation options. Beginning in 1990, the IPCC has produced a series of Assessment Reports, Special Reports, Technical Papers, methodologies, and other key documents which have since become the standard references for policymakers and scientists.This Special Report, in particular, contributes to frame the challenge of dealing with extreme weather and climate events as an issue in decisionmaking under uncertainty, analyzing response in the context of risk management. The report consists of nine chapters, covering risk management; observed and projected changes in extreme weather and climate events; exposure and vulnerability to as well as losses resulting from such events; adaptation options from the local to the international scale; the role of sustainable development in modulating risks; and insights from specific case studies

Global Health and Economic Impacts of Future Ozone Pollution

Abstract and PDF report are also available on the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change website (http://globalchange.mit.edu/).We assess the human health and economic impacts of projected 2000-2050 changes in ozone pollution using the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis-Health Effects (EPPA-HE) model, in combination with results from the GEOS-Chem global tropospheric chemistry model that simulated climate and chemistry effects of IPCC SRES emissions. We use EPPA to assess the human health damages (including acute mortality and morbidity outcomes) caused by ozone pollution and quantify their economic impacts in sixteen world regions. We compare the costs of ozone pollution under scenarios with 2000 and 2050 ozone precursor and greenhouse gas emissions (SRES A1B scenario). We estimate that health costs due to global ozone pollution above pre-industrial levels by 2050 will be $580 billion (year 2000$) and that acute mortalities will exceed 2 million. We find that previous methodologies underestimate costs of air pollution by more than a third because they do not take into account the long-term, compounding effects of health costs. The economic effects of emissions changes far exceed the influence of climate alone.United States Department of Energy, Office of Science (BER) grants DE-FG02-94ER61937 and DE-FG02-93ER61677, the United States Environmental Protection Agency grant EPA-XA-83344601-0, and the industrial and foundation sponsors of the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change

Reply to Bhowmik et al.: Democratic climate action and studying extreme climate risks are not in tension

[no abstract available

Effects of climatic factors on diarrheal diseases among children below 5 years of age at national and subnational levels in Nepal: an ecological study

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of diarrhea, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income countries such as Nepal, is temperature-sensitive, suggesting it could be associated with climate change. With climate change fueled increases in the mean and variability of temperature and precipitation, the incidence of water and food-borne diseases are increasing, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. This national-level ecological study was undertaken to provide evidence linking weather and climate with diarrhea incidence in Nepal. METHOD: We analyzed monthly diarrheal disease count and meteorological data from all districts, spanning 15 eco-development regions of Nepal. Meteorological data and monthly data on diarrheal disease were sourced, respectively, from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology and Health Management Information System (HMIS) of the Government of Nepal for the period from 2002 to 2014. Time-series log-linear regression models assessed the relationship between maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and diarrhea burden. Predictors with p-values < 0.25 were retained in the fitted models. RESULTS: Overall, diarrheal disease incidence in Nepal significantly increased with 1 degrees C increase in mean temperature (4.4%; 95% CI: 3.95, 4.85) and 1 cm increase in rainfall (0.28%; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.41). Seasonal variation of diarrheal incidence was prominent at the national level (11.63% rise in diarrheal cases in summer (95% CI: 4.17, 19.61) and 14.5% decrease in spring (95% CI: -18.81, -10.02) compared to winter season). Moreover, the effects of temperature and rainfall were highest in the mountain region compared to other ecological regions of Nepal. CONCLUSION: Our study provides empirical evidence linking weather factors and diarrheal disease burden in Nepal. This evidence suggests that additional climate change could increase diarrheal disease incidence across the nation. Mountainous regions are more sensitive to climate variability and consequently the burden of diarrheal diseases. These findings can be utilized to allocate necessary resources and envision a weather-based early warning system for the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases in Nepal