Urachal Cyst in a Bitch

Background: The urachus is a tubular structure continuous with the urinary bladder and the allantois in foetal mammals. It serves as a communication between these two structures. At birth, it loses its function and undergoes atrophy by fibrous proliferation within the lumen. When this atrophy process fails at some point, congenital anomalies of the urachus occur. These anomalies are rare in animals, and to our knowledge, the urachal cyst has not yet been described in dogs. The present work is unique in that it reports a case of this congenital defect in a dog. Our aim is to increase awareness and to discuss the clinical presentation, the imaging techniques used, and the final diagnosis of this anomaly.Case: A bitch Pit Bull, 3-year-old, was presented for veterinary assistance to investigate recurrent pseudopregnancy and an irregular estrous cycle. The animal presented in good bodily condition, and the white blood count and clinical biochemistry were normal. At ultrasound, 2 tubular structures, filled by an echogenic fluid mimicking uterine topography, were found extending through the umbilical and hypogastric regions. No alterations in structure, echogenicity or echotexture of the other organs were observed, including the ovaries and uterus. On exploratory laparotomy, a cystic structure was found, with 2 segments: the larger one was on the left side, attached to the apex of the bladder by its caudal portion; the other was on the right side, attached to the spleen by its cranial portion and to the apex of the bladder by its caudal portion in connection with the left segment. The ovaries, uterus and uterine horns showed no macroscopic alterations. The structure was removed, and after analysis (macroscopic morphology, wall histopathology and biochemistry of the contained fluid), it was determined to be a urachal cyst. The animal recovered uneventfully.Discussion: Ultrasound is an important tool for the evaluation of reproductive cycle physiology and its pathologies. At first, the owner’s complaint justified a fairly straightforward evaluation and clinical management of pseudopregnancy in a very healthy animal based on the history and clinical and complementary exams. However, ultrasound examination revealed two tubular structures filled with echogenic fluid in the lower abdomen. This made the case more complex, as these were interpreted as uterine horns by three different veterinarians, leading to the possibility of pyometra. The management of this condition must be cautious, since the animal's condition could rapidly deteriorate, necessitating an exploratory laparotomy. Based on the clinical presentation, macroscopic anatomy, fluid biochemistry and histological evaluations, the diagnosis of urachal cyst was proposed. Congenital anomalies occur when the urachus fails to obliterate. Four types can be found: patent urachus, urachal sinus, urachal diverticulum and urachal cyst. The urachal cyst occurs when the urachus encompasses a cyst-like structure that is closed to the umbilicus and the bladder lumen. The urachus becomes a cystic structure since its epithelium is still intact, active and accumulating fluid, like the one analysed in this report. Most urachal cysts in humans remain asymptomatic, but when infected, they can cause focal or diffuse peritonitis and an acute abdomen. Although rare, urachal cysts can develop malignant transformation. The combination of nonspecific symptoms and the infrequent occurrence of this anomaly make its diagnosis a difficult challenge. It is commonly an incidental finding like the case reported here. Therefore, diagnostic imaging techniques, especially ultrasound, are essential for the diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a urachal cyst in a dog. This rare anomaly of the urachus was an incidental finding in the investigation of the reproductive problems of a female dog

Antioxidants activity and physicochemical properties of honey from social bees of the Brazilian semiarid region

This study compared the nutraceutical potential of Apis mellifera and Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides honeys from the semiarid region of Bahia, Brazil, using microbiological, melissopalynological, and physicochemical techniques. Total phenols and flavonoids and the antioxidant activity were also determined. All samples had good microbiological quality and safety with an absence of coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus coagulase positive and Clostridium sulphite reducing spores. Were identified 41 pollen types belonging to 23 botanical families. Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae, and Sapindaceae were the predominant pollen types in A. mellifera honey, while honey Malvaceae was the most representative in the M. q. anthidioides. Regarding the physicochemical parameters evaluated, 75% complied with the standards established by the Brazilian and European quality legislation. The honey samples of A. mellifera had higher values of phenolic compounds and flavonoids (260.0 to 341.51 mgGAE.kg−1 and from 114.44 to 216.29 mgQE.kg−1, respectively). The samples from M. q. anthidioides presented higher antioxidant activity. The honeys of A. mellifera and M. q. anthidioides from the semiarid regions presented distinct botanical compositions, suggesting that both species use different plant sources, which possibly influenced the parameters related to honey quality as well as the content of phenolic compounds.We thank the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq) under Grant (305885/2017 to C.A.L.C.). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. We also thank the State of Bahia Research Foundation (Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPESB) under Grant 8797/2015.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A política pública proeja (informática) no instituto federal de educação, ciência e tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE) de UMIRIM: análise de influências na evasão escolar / Public policy projects (computer) in the federal institute of Ceará education, science and technology (IFCE) of umirim: analysis of influences in school evasion

Esta pesquisa trata da investigação das possíveis causas de evasão escolar na turma do Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PROEJA)/Informática do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE) campus de Umirim, além de verificar as estratégias trabalhadas pela instituição para a superação desse problema. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica através de livros de renomados autores e pesquisas em artigos, dissertações e teses disponíveis no site da Capes e Scielo. Ademais, utilizou-se de pesquisa de campo numa abordagem qualitativa com uso da técnica de entrevista semiestruturada. As perguntas do roteiro buscavam compreender os motivos do fenômeno evasivo, as potencialidades e dificuldades do curso, a forma como a instituição lida com essa problemática e as estratégias de superação da mesma. Foi revelado que os principais motivos da evasão naquela turma estavam relacionados com problemas familiares e socioeconômicos. Percebeu-se que a instituição utiliza de várias estratégias para superar a desistência, no entanto, é um desafio constante tendo em vista a pluralidade de questões sociais que envolvem os sujeitos que compõem o itinerário formativo. 

A utilização de Geotecnologias para o ensino de Geografia

Through this work we present the dynamics applied to some school students in eng. Rubens foot guimarães - agricultural school in the year of 2014 during the period 08-12 of december. The first three weeks were held at unesp, using the didactic laboratory of geoinformatics in deplan, and other classes were held at the agricultural school. The project tried to runaway of classroom repetitive activities, thus applying the proposed cartographic knowledge in different ways.Por meio desse trabalho é apresentado as dinâmicas aplicadas com alguns alunos da escola E.M. Engº. Rubens Foot Guimarães - Escola Agrícola no ano de 2014 durante o período de 08 a 12 de dezembro. As três primeiras semanas foram ministradas na UNESP, utilizando-se o Laboratório Didático de Geoinformática no DEPLAN, e as demais aulas foram realizadas na Escola. O projeto tentou fugir do dia a dia em sala de aula que, por muitas vezes, podem se tornar repetitivos, aplicando assim os conhecimentos cartográficas propostos de forma diferenciada

Sistematização da assistência de enfermagem em uma unidade prisional fundamentada na Teoria de Orem

Aim: to report the experience of the application of nursing care systematization, based on the therapeutic self-care demands according to the concept formulated by Orem, in the health care of an inmate in a Prison Unit. Method: report of experience of the application of the assistance systematization in an intern of a Prison Unit on the countryside of Piauí, in 2014. Results: it is possible to develop nursing diagnoses related to the areas of health promotion, nutrition activity /rest, perception/cognition, self-perception and roles/relationships, with prescriptions built by considering the local reality. The major difficulties were: poor infrastructure and dangerousness, context and safety logistics of the prison environment. Conclusion: the study made it possible to understand the reality experienced by the nurse in the prison environment and to reflect on the importance of the implementation of care systematization in the quality and organization of the nursing team. Objetivo: relatar la experiencia de la aplicación de la sistematización de la asistencia de enfermería, con base en las demandas del autocuidado terapéutico, de acuerdo con el concepto formulado por Orem, sobre el cuidado de la salud en el interior de una unidad carcelaria. Método: informe de experiencia de la aplicación de la sistematización de la asistencia en un interno, de una unidad carcelaria, del interior de Piauí, en 2014. Resultados: fueron construidos diagnósticos de enfermería relacionados a la promoción de la salud nutrición actividad/descanso, percepción/cognición, autopercepción y roles/relacionamientos, con prescripciones construidas a partir de la realidad local. Las principales dificultades fueron: infraestructura deficitaria y peligrosidad, contexto y logística de seguridad del entorno carcelario. Conclusión: el estudio posibilitó comprender la realidad que viven los enfermeros de una cárcel y reflexionar sobre la importancia de la implementación de la sistematización de la asistencia para la calidad y la organización del equipo de enfermería.Objetivo: relatar a experiência da prática da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem, com base nas demandas terapêuticas de autocuidado de acordo com a teoria de Orem, para assistência à saúde em uma Unidade Prisional. Método: relato de experiência da prática da sistematização da assistência em um interno de uma Unidade Prisional do interior do Piauí, em 2014.  Resultados: foram construídos diagnósticos de enfermagem relacionados aos domínios de promoção da saúde, nutrição, atividade/repouso, percepção/cognição, autopercepção e papéis/relacionamentos, com prescrições construídas considerando a realidade local. As principais dificuldades foram: infraestrutura deficitária e periculosidade, contexto e logística de segurança do ambiente prisional. Conclusão: o estudo possibilitou compreender a realidade vivenciada pelo enfermeiro no ambiente prisional e refletir sobre a importância da implantação da sistematização da assistência para a qualidade e organização da equipe de enfermagem

Ultrastructural analysis of root canal dentine irradiated with 980-nm diode laser energy at different parameters

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) the ultrastructural morphological changes of the radicular dentine surface after irradiation with 980-nm diode laser energy at different parameters and angles of incidence. Background Data: There have been limited reports on the effects of diode laser irradiation at 980 nm on radicular dentin morphology. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two maxillary canines were sectioned and roots were biomechanically prepared using K3 rotary instruments. The teeth were irrigated with 2 mL of distilled water between files and final irrigation was performed with 10 mL of distilled water. The teeth were then randomly divided into five groups (n = 8 each) according to their diode laser parameters: Group 1: no irradiation (control); group 2: 1.5 W/continuous wave (CW) emission (the manufacturer's parameters); group 3: 1.5 W/100 Hz; group 4: 3 W/CW; and group 5: 3 W/100 Hz. Laser energy was applied with helicoid movements (parallel to the canal walls) for 20 sec. Eight additional teeth for each group were endodontically prepared and split longitudinally and irradiation was applied perpendicularly to the root surface. Results: Statistical analysis showed no difference between the root canal thirds irradiated with the 980-nm diode laser, and similar results between the parameters 1.5 W/CW and 3 W/100 Hz (p > 0.05). Conclusion: When considering different output powers and delivery modes our results showed that changes varied from smear layer removal to dentine fusion

Ultrastructural analysis of root canal dentine irradiated with 980-nm diode laser energy at different parameters

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) the ultrastructural morphological changes of the radicular dentine surface after irradiation with 980-nm diode laser energy at different parameters and angles of incidence. Background Data: There have been limited reports on the effects of diode laser irradiation at 980 nm on radicular dentin morphology. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two maxillary canines were sectioned and roots were biomechanically prepared using K3 rotary instruments. The teeth were irrigated with 2 mL of distilled water between files and final irrigation was performed with 10 mL of distilled water. The teeth were then randomly divided into five groups (n = 8 each) according to their diode laser parameters: Group 1: no irradiation (control); group 2: 1.5 W/continuous wave (CW) emission (the manufacturer's parameters); group 3: 1.5 W/100 Hz; group 4: 3 W/CW; and group 5: 3 W/100 Hz. Laser energy was applied with helicoid movements (parallel to the canal walls) for 20 sec. Eight additional teeth for each group were endodontically prepared and split longitudinally and irradiation was applied perpendicularly to the root surface. Results: Statistical analysis showed no difference between the root canal thirds irradiated with the 980-nm diode laser, and similar results between the parameters 1.5 W/CW and 3 W/100 Hz (p > 0.05). Conclusion: When considering different output powers and delivery modes our results showed that changes varied from smear layer removal to dentine fusion

Coronal resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth submitted to light-activated bleaching

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth submitted to bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide activated by light-emitting diode (LED)-laser system. Methods: Fifty maxillary incisors were endodontically treated, received a zinc phosphate barrier and were embedded in acrylic resin until cemento-enamel junction. The specimens were distributed into five groups (n = 10) according to the number of bleaching sessions: GI, no treatment (control); GII, one session; GIII, two sessions; GIV, three sessions and GV, four sessions. The whitening gel was applied to the buccal surface of the tooth and inside the pulp chamber for three times in each session, followed by LED-laser activation. Specimens were submitted to the fracture resistance test (kN) and data were submitted to the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test. Results: No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between GI (0.71 +/- 0.30) and GII (0.65 +/- 0.13), which presented the highest strength values to fracture. Groups III (0.35 +/- 0.17), IV (0.23 +/- 0.13) and V (0.38 +/- 0.15) showed lower resistance to fracture (p < 0.01) when compared to GI and GII. Conclusions: The fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth decreased after two sessions of bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide activated by LED-laser system. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.CNPq Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa from Brazil[133646/2005-0

HFE Genotyping in Patients with Elevated Serum Iron Indices and Liver Diseases

Iron abnormalities in chronic liver disease may be the result of genetic diseases or secondary factors. The present study aimed to identify subjects with HFE-HH in order to describe the frequency of clinical manifestations, identify risk factors for iron elevation, and compare the iron profile of HFE-HH to other genotypes in liver disease patients. A total of 108 individuals with hepatic disease, transferrin saturation (TS) > 45%, and serum ferritin (SF) > 350 ng/mL were tested for HFE mutations. Two groups were characterized: C282Y/C282Y or C282Y/H63D genotypes (n=16) were the HFE hereditary hemochromatosis (HFE-HH) group; and C282Y and H63D single heterozygotes, the H63D/H63D genotype, and wild-type were considered group 2 (n=92). Nonalcoholic liver disease, alcoholism, and chronic hepatitis C were detected more frequently in group 2, whereas arthropathy, hepatocarcinoma, diabetes, and osteoporosis rates were significantly higher in the HFE-HH group. TS > 82%, SF > 2685 ng/mL, and serum iron > 178 μg/dL were the cutoffs for diagnosis of HFE-HH in patients with liver disease. Thus, in non-Caucasian populations with chronic liver disease, HFE-HH diagnosis is more predictable in those with iron levels higher than those proposed in current guidelines for the general population

A NEUROINFLAMAÇÃO NA PATOGÊNESE DE DOENÇAS NEURODEGENERATIVAS: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

&lt;p&gt;A neuroinflamação é um processo biológico complexo que pode desempenhar um papel importante na patofisiologia de diversas condições neurológicas, principalmente as neurogenerativas, tais como a doença de Alzheimer, a doença de Parkinson e esclerose múltipla. Além disso, está envolvida em alterações relacionas às doenças cerebrovasculares. A inflamação ocorre em resposta a certos tipos de lesões, como processos infecciosos e neoplásicos, por exemplo. Essa resposta imune, quando presente no tecido nervoso libera citocinas inflamatórias ativa células da micróglia e fagócitos. Em condições patológicas, a cascata não é interrompida ao fim do estímulo originário, causando inflamação crônica, a qual está envolvida no desenvolvimento de diversas doenças As principais células envolvidas nesse processo são a micróglia e os astrócitos do sistema nervoso central, que, por meio da liberação de mediadores inflamatórios, desencadeiam um processo cíclico que estimula a neuroinflamação, levando a danos neuronais, degeneração e morte. Fatores genéticos e ambientais estão envolvidos não apenas no disparo de tais processos, mas também na perpetração da resposta imune local e sistêmica exacerbada. É necessária, portanto, uma compreensão mais profunda da patogênese dos processos inflamatórios no sistema nervoso para gerar opções de tratamento novas e mais eficazes. O presente trabalho consiste numa revisão bibliográfica breve sobre como o processo de neuroinflamação participa na progressão de diversas doenças neurodegenerativas.&lt;/p&gt