Are the G20 economies making enough progress to meet their NDC targets?

Under the Paris Agreement, countries committed to a variety of climate actions, including post-2020 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets. This study compares projected GHG emissions in the G20 economies under current climate policies to those under the GHG targets outlined in the nationally determined contributions (NDCs). It is based on an assessment of official governmental estimates and independent national and global studies. The study concludes that six G20 members (China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia and Turkey) are projected to meet their unconditional NDC targets with current policies. Eight members (Argentina, Australia, Canada, the European Union, Republic of Korea, South Africa and the United States) require further action to achieve their targets. Insufficient information is available for Saudi Arabia, and emission projections for Brazil and Mexico are subject to considerable uncertainty. The study also presents high-level decarbonisation indicators to better understand the current progress towards meeting the NDCs – Saudi Arabia and South Africa were found to continue increasing both emission intensity per unit GDP and emissions per capita under current policies by 2030 from 2015 levels.</p

Are the G20 economies making enough progress to meet their NDC targets?

Under the Paris Agreement, countries committed to a variety of climate actions, including post-2020 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets. This study compares projected GHG emissions in the G20 economies under current climate policies to those under the GHG targets outlined in the nationally determined contributions (NDCs). It is based on an assessment of official governmental estimates and independent national and global studies. The study concludes that six G20 members (China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia and Turkey) are projected to meet their unconditional NDC targets with current policies. Eight members (Argentina, Australia, Canada, the European Union, Republic of Korea, South Africa and the United States) require further action to achieve their targets. Insufficient information is available for Saudi Arabia, and emission projections for Brazil and Mexico are subject to considerable uncertainty. The study also presents high-level decarbonisation indicators to better understand the current progress towards meeting the NDCs – Saudi Arabia and South Africa were found to continue increasing both emission intensity per unit GDP and emissions per capita under current policies by 2030 from 2015 levels

Are the G20 economies making enough progress to meet their NDC targets?

Under the Paris Agreement, countries committed to a variety of climate actions, including post-2020 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets. This study compares projected GHG emissions in the G20 economies under current climate policies to those under the GHG targets outlined in the nationally determined contributions (NDCs). It is based on an assessment of official governmental estimates and independent national and global studies. The study concludes that six G20 members (China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia and Turkey) are projected to meet their unconditional NDC targets with current policies. Eight members (Argentina, Australia, Canada, the European Union, Republic of Korea, South Africa and the United States) require further action to achieve their targets. Insufficient information is available for Saudi Arabia, and emission projections for Brazil and Mexico are subject to considerable uncertainty. The study also presents high-level decarbonisation indicators to better understand the current progress towards meeting the NDCs – Saudi Arabia and South Africa were found to continue increasing both emission intensity per unit GDP and emissions per capita under current policies by 2030 from 2015 levels.JRC.C.6-Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transpor

Effect of Diet, Anthropogenic Activity, and Climate on δ\u3csup\u3e15\u3c/sup\u3eN Values of Cave Bat Guano

Few studies have attributed δ15N values of guano to a factor other than diet. A δ15N record obtained from a 1.5-m core of bat guano deposit from Zidită Cave (western Romania) provides a record of anthropogenic and climatic influence on the regional nitrogen pool. Nitrogen content is nearly constant (%N \u3e 9) for over 1 m of the core, indicating limited diagenesis. The δ15N and δ13C time series are compared and the δ15N is also interpreted in light of previously published pollen assemblage from the same core. Using these comparisons the influence of anthropogenic activity and water availability is interpreted. Although some δ15N variation can be attributed to major changes in anthropogenic activities, additional variation implies an alternative control. The correlation between δ15N and δ13C values is significant (p \u3c 0.01), but not strong, suggesting that both variables are influenced by water availability, known to be a primary control of δ13C values within C3 ecosystems. Drier periods indicated by higher δ13C values correspond with lower δ15N values and vice-versa for wetter conditions. The instrumental climate record (precipitation amount) for the past 50 years nearby the cave supports this relationship. From 1000 to 1800 CE, the δ15N values fluctuated between 11.5 and 14‰, then decreased in two abrupt steps, at 1800 and 1947 CE. The most significant decrease occurred after 1947 CE when values fell from 12.5 to below 7‰, suggesting the N-cycle transitioned towards a more conservative state. The correlations between δ15N and δ13C, and the instrumental precipitation record, along with the apparent negligible effect of diet on long term δ15N variation indicate that the δ15N values of guano can be used as an integrator of the local N-cycle