Very low-calorie diet in candidates for bariatric surgery: change in body composition during rapid weight loss

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes in the body composition of morbidly obese patients induced by a very lowcalorie diet. METHODS: We evaluated 120 patients selected from a university hospital. Body composition was assessed before and after the diet provided during hospitalization, and changes in weight, body mass index, and neck, waist and hip circumferences were analyzed. Bioimpedance was used to obtain body fat and fat-free mass values. The data were categorized by gender, age, body mass index and diabetes diagnosis. RESULTS: The patients consumed the diet for 8 days. They presented a 5% weight loss (without significant difference among groups), which represented an 85% reduction in body fat. All changes in body circumference were statistically significant. There was greater weight loss and a greater reduction of body fat in men, but the elderly showed a significantly higher percentage of weight loss and greater reductions in body fat and fat-free mass. Greater reductions in body fat and fat-free mass were also observed in superobese patients. The changes in the diabetic participants did not differ significantly from those of the non-diabetic participants. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a VLCD before bariatric surgery led to a loss of weight at the expense of body fat over a short period, with no significant differences in the alteration of body composition according to gender, age, body mass index and diabetes status

Mapping of quantitative trait loci for carcass composition on swine chromosome six

Uma popula??o de su?nos, composta de 550 animais F2, foi produzida a partir do intercruzamento da gera??o F1, obtida pelo cruzamento divergente de dois machos da ra?a nativa brasileira Piau com 18 f?meas comerciais. O objetivo do trabalho foi mapear locos de caracter?sticas quantitativas (QTL) associados a cortes de carca?a. Os animais foram genotipados para 13 marcadores microssat?lites, distribu?dos no cromossomo 6 de su?nos. As caracter?sticas avaliadas foram: peso total do pernil, peso do pernil sem pele e sem capa de gordura, peso total da copa, peso da copa sem pele e sem capa de gordura, peso total da paleta, peso da paleta sem pele e sem capa de gordura, peso total do carr?, peso do lombo, peso total do bacon, peso das costelas, peso total da papada, peso do filezinho e peso da banha rama. Utilizou-se o m?todo de regress?o por intervalo de mapeamento por meio do programa QTL Express. Foram encontrados indicativos de QTL para peso de pernil limpo, peso de paleta, peso de lombo e peso de filezinho. A regi?o gen?mica deve ser saturada com marcadores adicionais para confirmar a presen?a de QTL reais.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)A swine population of 550 F2 animals was produced by outbred cross using two sires of the native Brazilian breed Piau and 18 commercial dams. The animals were genotyped for 13 microsatellite markers. The evaluated composition traits of carcass were: ham weight, skinless and fatless ham weight, boston shoulder weight, skinless and fatless boston shoulder weight, picnic shoulder weight, skinless and fatless picnic shoulder weight, total loin (bone-in) weight, loin weight, bacon weight, rib weight, jowl weight, sirloin weight, and belly fat weight. Data were analyzed by multiple regression interval mapping, using the QTL Express software. Suggestive QTL were found for skinless and fatless ham weight, picnic shoulder weight, loin weight, and sirloin weight. However, the genomic region should be saturated with additional markers in order to confirm the presence of real QTL

Review of the missed opportunities for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: The present literature review aims to highlight gaps in the treatment of preventative motherto-child HIV transmission and the risk factors in Brazil. METHODS: Among the 425 articles identified in SciELO and PubMed searches, 59 articles published between 1994 and 2016 were selected for reading and data extraction, and 33 articles were included in the present review. RESULTS: The rates of vertical HIV transmission described in the studies varied widely, from 1.8% to 27.8%, with a significant reduction over the years. However, recent rates were also found to be variable in different regions of Brazil, and despite the significant reduction in mother-to-child transmission, many gaps remain in prevention services. A failure to attend prenatal care is the main factor associated with the increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV, hindering early maternal diagnosis and the completion of preventative measures during the prenatal period and, often, the peripartum and postnatal periods. A small number of studies discussed the sociodemographic factors, including a low level of education for pregnant women and the inadequacies of health services, such as difficulties scheduling appointments and undertrained staff, associated with vertical transmission. As such, the current challenge is to better define the sociodemographic and infrastructural factors that increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV to provide the necessary investments to promote an earlier inclusion of these populations in prevention services. CONCLUSIONS: This review may serve as a guide for future programs to focus efforts on the prevention of vertical HIV transmission

Perception of the residents of Antonio Pereira, district of Ouro Preto - MG, about environment, sanitation and local environmental assets.

O distrito de Ant?nio Pereira, pertencente ao munic?pio de Ouro Preto/MG, possui significativas riquezas ambientais. Por outro lado, o distrito enfrenta dificuldades causadas por defici?ncias na infraestrutura urbana, no sistema de saneamento b?sico e outros problemas que t?m trazido desconforto para a popula??o. Este trabalho levantou dados sobre a percep??o da popula??o local acerca da situa??o ambiental do distrito. Para tanto, foram realizadas 178 entrevistas com moradores por meio de question?rios. Mediante resultados, constatou-se que, no tocante ?s quest?es gerais de meio ambiente, houve reconhecimento, por parte da popula??o, das riquezas ambientais existentes no distrito, sendo as mais indicadas o min?rio de ferro, as cachoeiras e o antigo garimpo de top?zio imperial. De um modo geral, percebeu-se a necessidade de que sejam realizados mais estudos sobre as tem?ticas apontadas no presente artigo e tamb?m em outras ?reas do conhecimento, tais como sa?de e educa??o.The district of Ant?nio Pereira, belonging to the city of Ouro Preto (MG), has significant environmental riches. On the other hand, it faces difficulties caused by deficiencies in the urban infrastructure, in the sanitation system and in the environment, that have brought discomfort to the population. This paper collected data on the perception of the local population about the environmental situation of the district. Therefore, 178 interviews were realized with residents out through questionnaires. Through the results, it was verified that, regarding the general environmental issues, there was recognition of the district's environmental wealths, with the most indicated being iron ore, the waterfalls and the former gold mining of imperial topaz. The greatest problems identified by the residents of Ant?nio Pereira were the deficiencies in health in the first place, the performance of politicians, the problems associated to education and the environmental degradation. Among the main environmental problems mentioned are uncontrolled fires, the pollution of rivers and of other sources of fresh water and lack of basic sanitation, respectively. The main responsible for causing the environmental problems in the district, according to the residents, are the individuals who live there, followed by the large local miners and the Ouro Preto City Hall. In general, it was noticed that the residents of Ant?nio Pereira demonstrated a favorable perception to the preservation of the local environment and its responsibilities

Evaluation of stability of blackberry jams conditioned in different packaging materials.

A geleia de amora-preta apresenta alto potencial para industrializa??o tendo em vista que o fruto possui estrutura fr?gil, elevada perecibilidade e alta atividade respirat?ria. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a estabilidade de geleias de amora-preta acondicionadas em embalagem de vidro e de polipropileno ? temperatura ambiente (25?C ? 2?C) em condi??es de luminosidade e em temperatura refrigerada (4?C ? 2?C) durante 120 dias. Foram analisadas as seguintes caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas: atividade de ?gua, s?lidos sol?veis, acidez titul?vel, pH, antocianinas totais, teor de vitamina C e atividade antioxidante. Observou-se que a qualidade das geleias foi influenciada pelo tipo de embalagem e pelo tempo de armazenamento, os quais comprometeram as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas do produto. Os resultados mostraram um decr?scimo na atividade de ?gua, nos n?veis de antocianinas totais e nos teores de vitamina C com o decorrer do armazenamento, no entanto, a embalagem de vidro apresentou melhores resultados quanto ? manuten??o das caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas da geleia vindo a contribuir para a manuten??o da vida ?til do produto.The blackberry jam has a high potential for industrialization, in order that the fruit has a fragile structure, high perishability, and high respiratory activity. This study evaluated the stability of blackberry jams packed in glass and polypropylene at temperature (25 ? 2?C) in light conditions and refrigerated temperature (4?C ? 2?C) for 120 days. The physico and chemical characteristics were analyzed: water activity, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, total anthocyanins and the content of vitamin C. It was observed that the quality of jams was influenced by the type of packaging and the storage time, which committed the nutritional characteristics of the product. The results showed a decrease in water activity, the levels of anthocyanins and vitamin C with the time of storage, however, the glass packaging showed better values for the maintenance of the physico-chemical characteristics jams been contribute to maintaining the shelf-life of the product

Polymorphisms in the leptin gene in divergent swine breeds

Investigou-se a exist?ncia de polimorfismo no gene da leptina (gene da obesidade) entre varr?es da ra?a nativa Piau (porco tipo banha) e matrizes mesti?as de ra?as comerciais (Landrace/Large White e Landrace/Large White com Pietrain), selecionadas para peso e precocidade. Oito pares de primers foram desenhados a partir da seq??ncia dispon?vel no GenBank (U66254), usada, neste trabalho, como seq??ncia de refer?ncia. Amostras de DNA foram extra?das de c?lulas sang??neas brancas utilizando-se solu??o de fenol:clorof?rmio, ap?s tratamento com proteinase K. Os fragmentos gerados por amplifica??o da rea??o em cadeia da polimerase foram purificados e seq?enciados em seq?enciador autom?tico. As seq??ncias de nucleot?deos, obtidas a partir do DNA das ra?as comerciais de su?no, apresentaram maior similaridade com a seq??ncia de refer?ncia, e as seq??ncias geradas a partir do DNA dos animais nativos divergiram de ambas em algumas posi??es. Dos 28 polimorfismos encontrados, oito foram observados em apenas uma das tr?s seq??ncias geradas a partir do DNA das ra?as nativas. Doze estavam presentes em duas seq??ncias, e os oito polimorfismos restantes foram encontrados nos tr?s animais nativos.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)Leptin gene (obese gene) polymorphism was investigated in Piau boars (a fat, native breed) and sows from commercial strains (Landrace/Large White and Landrace/Large White by Pietrain) chosen for rapid growth and early sexual maturity. Eight pairs of primers designed using the sequence available from GenBank (access n? U66254) were identified as the reference sequence in this project. DNA samples were extracted from white blood cells using phenol:chloroform solution, after treatment with proteinase K. Fragments generated by amplification of the Polymerase Chain Reaction were purified and sequenced in an automatic sequencer. Nucleotide sequences obtained from DNA of commercial swine breeds were similar to the reference sequence; whereas sequences generated from native breed DNA diverged from the reference sequence and from domestic breed DNA. Of the 28 polymorphisms found, eight were observed in only one of the three sequences generated from DNA of native breeds. Twelve polymorphisms were present in two sequences and the eight remaining polymorphisms were found in all three categories of DNA

Portuguese emigration to Angola (2000-2015): Strengthening a specific postcolonial relationship in a new global framework?

Outflows to the Portuguese-speaking countries, although not dominant, played an important role in the growth of Portuguese emigration during the economic recession and austerity period, between 2010 and 2016. This chapter examines this migration process, considering that contemporary migration from Portugal to Angola is an example of reverse post-colonial migration within the framework of North-South movements. It presents the historical and socio-demographic background of Angola and some theoretical insights on the issue of North-South migration. The analyses of the migration process and the emigrants’ profiles rely in statistics and academic literature but especially on data gathered in a direct survey. Attention is given to indicators of integration, relations with Portugal and the post-colonial nature of the process. The profile of Portuguese in Angola shows an overrepresentation of highly skilled males over 35 years old, which migrated for professional reasons and sustain relations with Portugal through diverse transnational practices. This supports explanations for the emergence of North-South migration by appeal to economic expansion associated to the increasing insertion of several developing countries into global networks. However, the analysis fails to back up the hypothesis that Portuguese emigration to Angola is a form of reverse post-colonial migration based in ancestral return.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Generalized linear mixed models for the genetic evaluation of binary reproductive traits: a simulation study

Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of probit and logit link functions for the genetic evaluation of early pregnancy using simulated data. The following simulation/analysis structures were constructed: logit/logit, logit/probit, probit/logit, and probit/probit. The percentages of precocious females were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% and were adjusted based on a change in the mean of the latent variable. The parametric heritability (h?) was 0.40. Simulation and genetic evaluation were implemented in the R software. Heritability estimates (h^2) were compared with h? using the mean squared error. Pearson correlations between predicted and true breeding values and the percentage of coincidence between true and predicted ranking, considering the 10% of bulls with the highest breeding values (TOP10) were calculated. The mean h^? values were under- and overestimated for all percentages of precocious females when logit/probit and probit/logit models used. In addition, the mean squared errors of these models were high when compared with those obtained with the probit/probit and logit/logit models. Considering (h^2), probit/probit and logit/logit were also superior to logit/probit and probit/logit, providing values close to the parametric heritability. Logit/probit and probit/logit presented low Pearson correlations, whereas the correlations obtained with probit/probit and logit/logit ranged from moderate to high. With respect to the TOP10 bulls, logit/probit and probit/logit presented much lower percentages than probit/probit and logit/logit. The genetic parameter estimates and predictions of breeding values of the animals obtained with the logit/logit and probit/probit models were similar. In contrast, the results obtained with probit/logit and logit/probit were not satisfactory. There is need to compare the estimation and prediction ability of logit and probit link functions