Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East

We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ~12,000 and 1,400 BC, from Natufian hunter–gatherers to Bronze Age farmers. We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a ‘Basal Eurasian’ lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages before their separation from each other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter–gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter–gatherers of Europe to greatly reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those of Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia

Bronchioalveolar carcinoma vs. head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - about 1 case with bilateral cervical metastases

Bronchioalveolar carcinoma vs. head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has been taken into consideration in one case with bilateral cervical metastases. Cancer of an unknown primary site is a clinical syndrome, accounting for 2%-5% of patients with cancer. The patient presented laterocervical bilateral metastatatic masses with unknown clinical, radiological or computer tomographical detected primary site of origin. The evolution was unfavorable, due to fast-growing bilateral tumor masses with involvement of other neck structures. The complementary immunohistochemical tests following surgery revealed an unexpected origin from the lung. Any other clinical signs or any detectable lung tumor mass by radiological or computer tomographic tests were absent.Unterstützt durch: Travelling GrantDer Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an

Upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas from diagnosis to treatment

Introduction: To assess the incidence and therapeutic alternatives for upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas in ENT Department Timisoara.Methods: Our study included 219 patients (11.08%) out of 1976 patients admitted in ENT Department from 01.01.2012 to 01.03.2013. The mean age was 59 years (43-79). The patients were assessed regarding onset signs and symptoms, histopathological exam, were staged and the therapeutic options were followed.Results: Out of 219 patients 121 (55.25%) presented the tumour localized in the larynx, 21 patients (9.58%) - hypopharyngeal carcinoma, 16 patients (7.3%) - metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary, 14 patients (6.39%) - oropharyngeal carcinoma (palatine tonsils and soft palate) and 7 patients (3.19%) (base of tongue carcinoma), 13 patients (5.93%) - rhinopharyngeal carcinoma, 10 patients (4.56%) - pharyngolaryngeal carcinoma, 8 patients (3.65%) - naso-sinusal carcinomas, 6 patients (2.73%) - auricular carcinoma, 1 patient (0.45%) with upper labial carcinoma, oesophageal carcinoma and thyroid cancer.The therapeutic options included: surgical treatment performed in 57 patients (26.02%), radio-chemotherapy in 83 patients (37.89%), surgical treatment followed by radio-chemotherapy in 66 patients (30.13%), palliative therapy in 4 patients (1.82%), while 9 patients (4.1%) refused any treatment modality.Conclusion: The incidence of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas is as high as 11.08% of ENT Department admitted patients. The therapeutic options are variable (surgical treatment, radio-chemotherapy, surgery followed by radio-chemotherapy, palliative therapy).Unterstützt durch: Travelling GrantDer Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an

External ethmoidectomy for orbital complications of rhinosinusitis

Introduction: Acute rhinosinusitis is a very common disorder that at one time or another affects most people. In case of acute rhinosinusitis orbital complications an external ethmoidectomy represents an alternative approach.Case Report: A 22-year-old female patient addressed to the ENT Department presenting left acute pansinusitis, left subperiosteal abscess and left upper eyelid.ENT clinic and endoscopic 0º exam revealed middle meatus purulent material rhynopharynx with purulent secretions. A maxillary sinus lavage (+++) and silicon tube insertion was performed. The patient was addressed for a contrast enhancement CT exam. In the following day we performed left external ethmoidectomy, left subperiosteal and upper eyelid abscesses drainage. One week later the signs and symptoms were resolved. The evolution was favorable. The patient underwent a CT scan at 1 month after surgery, which revealed a normal aeration of the paranasal sinuses.Conclusion: Orbital and nasal signs and symptoms at one month after the surgical procedure were resolved, the patient presented a slight left proptosis.Der Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an

Laryngotracheobronchial foreign bodies - A 5 year retrospective study

Introduction: Laryngotracheobronchial foreign bodies are not uncommon in clinical practice and are often misdiagnosed and mistreated, leading to severe complications. Our studys objective was to raise awareness to the high incidence and importance of correct diagnosis and treatment.Methods: A five year retrospective study (2010-2015) was performed on all admitted foreign bodies regarding diagnosis and treatment procedures. A total of 52 patient were included in the study. All presented a foreign body in the laryngotracheobronchial tree, of different nature, and different localization. Correct diagnosis was obtained by clinical examination, Rx, and reconstructive bronchoscopy as well as rigid bronchoscopy. Results: Out of the 52 cases, 24 were between 1 and 3 years of age, 19 between 4 and 7 years of age, the rest were older than 7 years with one case of 44 years. The foreing bodies were organic - 41 cases and anorganic 11 cases. They were localized mainly in the right bronchia. Extraction was performed in all cases with a rigid bronchoscope with a 100% success rate. No postoperative complications were noted.Conclusions: Laryngotracheobronchial foreign bodies need special attention due to frequent misdiagnosis which may lead to severe complications. If diagnosed correctly and early rigid bronchoscopy is the election treatment.Der Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an

Tracheobronchial foreign body in children - 10 years experience

Introduction: Presentation of ENT Department - Timisoara 10 years experience of in the diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial foreign body in children. We studied 93 children, aged between 10 months and 8 years.Methods: The diagnosis of airways penetrating syndrome was established on history, clinical examination, cardiopulmonary X-ray, CT (virtual bronchoscopy) and rigid videotracheobronhoscopy. Foreign body removal was performed using pediatric Karl-Storz tracheobronhoscopy kit, under general anesthesia and video documentation.Results: The repartition of the cases according to age was: 76 cases were between 10 month and 3 years; 17 cases were between 3 and 8 years. Foreign body localization was: 53 cases in right bronchus, left bronchus 23 cases, 12 cases with bilateral localization, 4 cases in the trachea and 1 case with subglottic localization. In 72 cases there was an organic nature of the foreign body, while in 21 cases there was an anorganic nature. All other patients presented a good evolution, with no complication after extraction of the foreign body. Conclusions: Close cooperation between the ENT specialist, paediatrician, radiologist and anesthesiologist is necessary for the management of tracheobronchial foreign body.Supported by: ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" TimisoaraDer Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an

Frontal sinus osteomas management

Introduction: Craniofacial osteomas are benign tumors of the skull-base, often involving the paranasal sinuses. The frontal sinus is the most common site of involvement. The growth rate is very slow, and it may take many years for osteomas to become clinically apparent. Methods: Between the years 2003-2015, in the ENT Department Timisoara, 11 patients were treated for frontal sinus osteoma, 4 females and 7 males. Management of uncomplicated sinus osteomas is controversial, since surgery involves serious potential risks. In ENT Department Timisoara we used external approach in each case. Results: All 11 patients underwent surgery, the postoperative results were very good. Conclusions: Frontal sinus osteomas, skull base benign tumors, are very rare and the treatment is surgical by an external approach.Der Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an