Interrupted Didactic Game and Its Impact at Memorization and Motivation in Learning English Language

Исследуется проблема создания с помощью эффекта Зейгарник условий продуктивного дискомфорта при проведении дидактических игр на занятиях английского языка для детей от 6,5 до 12 лет в системе дополнительного образования. Доказывается, что применение прерванных дидактических игр во время изучения английского языка является эффективным, поскольку создаются условия продуктивного дискомфорта, в которых разный начальный уровень знаний обучающихся становится более однородным.The problem of creating conditions of productive discomfort by means of Zeigarnik effect during didactic games in English classes for children from 6,5 to 12 years in the system of additional education is investigated. It is proved that the use of interrupted didactic games during the study of English is effective, because the conditions of productive discomfort are created, in which different initial level of students’ knowledge becomes more uniform. It is noted that the exercises, which developed by the author, provide good vocabulary memorization and create children’s high motivation in learning English

The problem of individualization of legal entities in terms of innovative development of the Russian Federation and the European Union economy

This article is a comprehensive analytical study of the problem of individualization of legal entities in terms of innovative development of the Russian Federation and the European Union. Using the latest methodology of scientific research, the authors provide a justification of the legal institution of individualization, as well as offer a wide range of means of individualization of innovation actors and participants, including in the virtual space of the Internet.peer-reviewe

Comprehensive Disposal of Decommissioned Vehicles

The article concerns the final stage of the life cycle of vehicles (on the example of Russia). The purpose of the study is to develop an organizational scheme for the gradual creation of a unified system for the disposal of all types of vehicles that are out of service. The study included a legal, technical, and territorial analysis. For territorial analysis, statistical data were taken for the following types of transport: buses, trucks and cars. The result of the work is the division of recycling enterprises by recycling levels, namely, the use of classification A, B, C, D. Recycling centers organization is usually considered within the Federal districts, which will lead to the dispersion of recycling capacities throughout Russia. The Federal district will have a radical ring system of organizing recycling centers at different levels. The State should create a unified recycling system with the adoption of regulatory documents on the interaction of participants in the disposal of vehicles, it should involve commercial organizations in recycling activities in future. The prospects of the study suggest 3 options for the placement of warehouses and recycling centers for their effective operation and address the issue of recycling of highly specialized transport. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved

Motivational Elements of the Human Factor for the Implementation of the "vision Zero" Concept in Railway Transport

The paper is devoted to expanding the composition of the studied elements of the human factor that affect the level of industrial injuries. The significant achievements of JSC "Russian Railways" are shown in reducing injuries and the tasks of implementing the "Vision Zero" concept, which can be solved if additional reserves are attracted. The purpose of the paper is to widely include motivational elements in the human factor, which allow approaching the implementation of the concept of zero injuries. An overview of the studied factors of injuries in the industry is given. Based on the conducted research, motivational elements that have an impact on the safety of production processes are identified. The use of the SHELL concept allowed approaching the systematic study of the problem of injury minimization based on the study of the relationship between a person and the organization's resources. Problematic behavioral characteristics of industry employees and ways to solve them are identified. Obtaining an objective picture of the real state of the motivational sphere is possible by using a comprehensive approach with the involvement of additional research results. Research methods: expert, sociological survey, statistical data analysis, comparison, system analysis. As a result, the following conclusions are obtained: the construction of an industry system of personnel motivation in relation to reducing the level of industrial injuries requires the use of research results on the motivational sphere of employees. These results will allow implementing a comprehensive approach, making additions to the mechanisms of management actions to reduce injuries. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved

РАЗРАБОТКА СПОСОБА ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ КАТИОНОВ ЛИЗИНА И ТИАМИНА В ВОССТАНОВЛЕННОМ МОЛОКЕ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПД-СЕНСОРОВ

The sensitivity and stability of the response of the PD-sensors based on membranes MF-4SC in K-, H-, Lys-forms in solutions of the reconstituted milk were investigated. A multisensory systems with PD sensors and ion-selective electrodes for the recognition of reconstituted milk containing powdered milk from 0.40 to 8.46 mas. % is developed. The sensitivity of PD-sensors to cations of lysine in the test solutions containing 0.40 wt. % of powdered milk and 1.0·10-3-1.0·10-1 M of LysHCl was 29 mV/рС for membranes in the К-type. The sensitivity of PD-sensors to cations of thiamine in the test solutions containing from 0.40-3.40 wt. % of powdered milk and 1.0·10-4-1.0·10-1 M of ThiaminCl was from 18 to 12 mV/рС for membranes in the К-type. This sensitivity is sufficient for the quantitative determination of cations of lysine and of thiamine in solutions of reconstituted milk. The limit of detection of cations of lysine and thiamine in reconstituted milk was 4.0·10-6 М and 2.9·10-6 М respectively. The relative error of measurement was not more 10 %.Keywords: PD-sensor, Donnan potential, multisensory systems, reconstituted milk, lysine, thiamine(Russian)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2013.17.4.008O. V. Bobreshova, A. V. Parshina, E.A. Ryzhkova, T. S. Titova Voronezh State University, Voronezh, RussiaFederationИсследованы чувствительность и стабильность откликов сенсоров, аналитическим сигналом которых является потенциал Доннана на границе ионообменная мембрана/раствор электролита (ПД-сенсоров), на основе мембран МФ-4СК в калиевой, водородной и лизиновой формах в растворах восстановленного молока. Разработана мультисенсорная система с ПД-сенсорами и ионоселективными электродами для распознавания образов восстановленного молока с массовой долей сухого от 0.40 до 8.46 %. ПД-сенсоры на основе мембран МФ-4СК в калиевой форме использованы для количественного определения катионов лизина и тиамина в восстановленном молоке с концентрацией сухого молока 0.40 % мас. и 0.40-3.40 % мас. соответственно. Предел обнаружения катионов лизина и тиамина в восстановленном молоке составил 4.0·10-6 М и 2.9·10-6 М соответственно. Относительная погрешность определения не превышала 10 %.Ключевые слова: потенциометрия, ПД-сенсор, мультисенсорные системы, перфторированные мембраны, восстановленное молоко, лизин, тиаминDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2013.17.4.00

Dynamics of vegetative, insomnia and neuropsychological manifestations during the treatment of post-COVID syndrome

Introduction. Asthenia, vegetative manifestations, sleep disturbances and psycho-emotional background are companions of the coronavirus infection, the issue of drug correction of which is especially relevant. These symptoms disrupt the habitual way of life of patients for a long time, and in special cases lead to disability.Aim. To study the mental, somatoform and cognitive aspects of anxiety disorders after coronavirus infection during treatment with tofisopam (Grandaxin®) 150 mg/day.Materials and methods. The study included patients who had experienced a new coronavirus infection, who, after the end of treatment for the underlying disease, had complaints suggesting the presence of an anxiety disorder. The Hamilton scale was used to assess the level of anxiety. Examination of patients was carried out before the start of treatment, after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of therapy.Results and discussion. Prior to the start of therapy, all patients had an overall high level of anxiety: the average HAM-A score was 31.4 ± 2.92 points. At the end of Grandaxin® therapy, all patients showed a decrease in the level of anxiety: the average HAM-A score was 12.08 ± 2.27 points (p < 0.001). The maximum decrease in the severity of vegetative disorders was noted by the end of the 6th week of therapy with Grandaxin®. Thus, the indicator of this subscale decreased by more than 2 times – from 2.46 ± 0.54 to 1.05 ± 0.28 points (p < 0.001). The severity of insomnia during six weeks of therapy with Grandaxin® decreased from 2.56 ± 0.54 to 0.96 ± 0.45 points (p < 0.001).Conclusion. Psycho-emotional disorders (more often in the form of increased personal anxiety), sleep disorders, vegetative disorders, asthenic syndrome significantly affect the quality of life of patients who have had a new coronavirus infection. Involvement of the structures of the autonomic nervous system and central structures that regulate GABAergic transmission leads to significant vegetative failures, which requires pathogenetically substantiated drug correction of these disorders

Взаимосвязь некоторых параметров мукозального иммунитета полости рта с уровнем витамина D у пациентов с множественным кариесом

Aim. To determine the saliva level of immunoregulatory proteins in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and evaluate the association of their concentration with 25(OH)D plasma level.Materials and methods. The study was performed in two groups. The experimental group included 15 patients aged 20–22 years with rampant caries and the 25(OH)D plasma level of < 20 ng / ml. The control group encompassed 15 healthy age-matched volunteers with the 25(OH)D plasma level of 20–100 ng / ml. The concentrations of B7.2 (CD86), free active TGF-β1, CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, IGFBP-4, and ICAM-1 were assessed using flow cytometry. The levels of LL-37 and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were measured using ELISA. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to reveal a correlation between the indicated proteins and the 25(OH)D plasma level.Results. A decrease in B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevation of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 saliva levels were detected in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. A positive Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was revealed between plasma 25(OH)D and saliva levels of free active TGF-β1, CTLA4, B7.2 (CD86), LL-37, and sIgA. A negative correlation was revealed between 25(OH)Dand ICAM-1.Conclusion. 25(OH)D deficiency in patients with rampant caries is associated with decreased levels of B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevated levels of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 in the saliva. Цель – оценить содержание иммунорегуляторных молекул в слюне у лиц с множественным кариесом и дефицитом 25(OH)D3 и определить взаимосвязи их величин с концентрацией 25(OH)D3 в крови.Материалы и методы. Обследованы две группы лиц в возрасте 20–22 лет. В одну включены 15 человек с кариесом и уровнем 25(OH)D3 менее 20 нг/мл, в другую (контрольную) – 15 здоровых человек с содержанием 25(OH)D3 30–100 нг/мл. В ротовой жидкости определены концентрации растворимых форм молекул B7.2 (CD86), Free Active TGF-b1, CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, IGFBP-4, ICAM-1 методом проточной цитофлуометрии, количество кателицидина LL-37, секреторного иммуноглобулина A (IgA) методом иммуноферментного анализа. Между определяемыми показателями рассчитан критерий корреляции Спирмена.Результаты. У лиц с кариесом и дефицитом витамина D выявлено снижение значений Free Active TGF-b1, B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, кателицидина LL-37 и повышение уровня IGFBP-4 и ICAM-1 в слюне. Обнаружено наличие прямых корреляционных связей между количеством 25(OH)D3 в крови, с одной стороны, и значениями Free Active TGF-b1, CTLA-4, В7.2 (CD86), секреторного IgA, пептида LL-37 – с другой. Зафиксирована отрицательная взаимосвязь между величинами 25(OH)D3 и ICAM-1.Заключение. На фоне дефицита витамина D при множественном кариесе в ротовой жидкости регистрируются низкие концентрации Free Active TGF-b1, B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, секреторного IgA, кателицидина LL-37 по сравнению с контролем, но увеличены значения IGFBP-4 и ICAM-1.

Нормотония - новое слово в лапароскопической резекции почки

Background. Minimally invasive partial nephrectomy is the gold standard in the treatment of stage I malignant tumors. To date, there are a large number of techniques for performing partial nephrectomy. The desire to develop a technique that included all the positive characteristics and had no restrictions on use led to the creation of a normotonic zero ischaemia partial nephrectomy.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 45 patients was performed. 1st group included 24 (53.3 %) patients after laparoscopic normotonic zero ischaemia partial nephrectomy. 2ndgroup included 21 (46.7 %) patients who underwent laparoscopic hypotonic zero ischaemia partial nephrectomy. All patients evaluated such surgical parameters as the surgery time, the blood loss, and the duration of hospitalization. To assess pre-operative renal function, the CKD-EPI equation was used to calculate estimate glomerular filtration rate.Results. All patients were demographically comparable. Patients were also evenly distributed in terms of resection complexity according to the RENAL nephrometric scale. Acute kidney injury rate was significantly higher in the hypotension group: relative risk 5.4 (95 % confidence interval 1.59—20.55), odds ratio 11.3 (95 % confidence interval2.04—59.2);p = 0.007. In 1stgroup, the average operation time was 130min (Q1-Q3 110—140), and in 2ndgroup, 150min (Q1—Q3 115—227.5);p = 0.0159. The average volume of blood loss during laparoscopic zero ischaemia partial nephrectomy was significantly less than during hypotonic partial nephrectomy: 125 ml (Q1—Q3 50—200) and 450 ml (Q1— Q3200— 750) respectively, p <0.0001.Coclusion. In our study, laparoscopic normotonic zero ischaemia partial nephrectomy proved to be a possible alternative to existing resection techniques today. But to use this technique in clinical practice, further study and validation is required.Введение. Резекция почки минимально-инвазивным способом является «золотым стандартом» в лечении злокачественных опухолей I стадии. На сегодняшний день существует большое количество методик выполнения резекции почки. Желание разработать технику операции, которая бы включала все положительные характеристики и не имела ограничений в использовании, привело к созданию нормотонической резекции почки без ишемии.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 45 пациентов. В 1-ю группу были включены 24 (53,3 %) пациента после лапароскопической нормотонической резекции почки без ишемии, во 2-ю — 21 (46,7 %) больной, которому была выполнена лапароскопическая гипотоническая резекция почки без ишемии. У всех пациентов проведена оценка таких хирургических показателей, как продолжительность операции, объем кровопотери, длительность госпитализации. Для оценки почечной функции до операции использовали формулу расчета скорости клубочковой фильтрации CKD-EPI.Результаты. Пациенты обеих групп были сопоставимы по демографическим показателям. Также пациенты были равномерно распределены по сложности выполняемой резекции согласно нефрометрической шкале RENAL. Острое почечное повреждение существенно чаще встречалось среди пациентов, прооперированных в условиях интраоперационной гипотонии: относительный риск 5,4 (95 % доверительный интервал 1,59—20,55), отношение шансов 11,3 (95 % доверительный интервал 2,04—59,2) (р = 0,007). В 1-й группе среднее время операции составило 130мин (интерквартильный размах (ИКР) 110—140мин), во 2-й группе — 150мин (ИКР 115—227,5мин) (р = 0,0159). Средний объем кровопотери при лапароскопической нормотонической резекции почки без ишемии был значимо меньше, чем при гипотонической резекции, и составил 125мл (ИКР 50—200 мл) и 450 мл (ИКР 200— 750 мл) соответственно (р <0,0001).Заключение. В нашем исследовании лапароскопическая нормотоническая резекция почки зарекомендовала себя как возможная альтернатива имеющимся на сегодняшний день техникам резекции. Однако для использования данной методики в клинической практике требуются дальнейшее изучение и валидация

Сравнительная характеристика пневмоний, вызванных Mycoplasma pneumoniae, у детей

The urgency of the problem of community-acquired pneumonia in children is due to the high incidence rate. In the etiological structure of bacterial pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumonia (Mp) prevail.Purpose: to identify clinical, laboratory and instrumental features of mycoplasmal pneumonia in children.Materials and methods. A retrospective,  single-center cohort study  of  266  case  histories  of  children  aged  4 months to 17 years who were in Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9 in 2019 with a referral diagnosis of pneumonia was carried out. To verify the diagnosis of pneumonia, the method of chest X-ray was used, for the etiological diagnosis, the method of PCR swabs from the nasopharynx, ELISA for the detection of antibodies of the IgM and IgG classes was used. Results. The diagnosis  of  pneumonia was confirmed in 190 children. The diagnosis of pneumonia caused by M. pneumoniae (MpP) was established in 76 (40%) children, they made up the 1st group. The remaining 114 (60%) children with community-acquired pneumonia of another etiology (CAP) made up the 2nd group – comparisons. The diagnosis of MpP was confirmed in 46 (60.5%) children by the detection of IgM, in 12 (15.8%) by the detection of Mp genetic material, and in  18  (23.7%) by positive both IgM and PCR. The median age of children in the group with MpP was 9.6 years, in the comparison group – 4 years (p<0.01). Significantly more often MpP occurs in children aged 11–17 years (p < 0.01), and CAP – up to 7 years (p < 0.01). With MpP, catarrhal phenomena in the form of hyperemia of the oropharynx, nasal congestion, and unproductive cough are observed less frequently than with CAP. With MpP, rales in the lungs are heard more often than with CAP, they are significantly more often wet (p<0.01). Respiratory failure and dyspnea are less common in MpP than in CAP. Bilateral lesions and lesions of the upper lobe of the lungs are more often detected in MpP, and in CAP – right-sided lesions. In the general blood test, leukocytosis, incl. above 15  thousand/µl,  as well as leukopenia below 4 thousand/µl were significantly more frequent in the group of patients with CAP (p<0.01). Conclusion. No clear clinical and laboratory criteria for mycoplasmal etiology of pneumonia have been obtained, which dictates the need for laboratory confirmation for the choice of therapy tactics.Актуальность проблемы внебольничных пневмоний у детей обусловлена высоким  уровнем  заболеваемости. В этиологической структуре бактериальных пневмоний превалируют Streptococcus pneumoniae и Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Цель: выявление клинико-лабораторных и инструментальных особенностей микоплазменной пневмонии у детей.Материалы и методы: проведено ретроспективное, одноцентровое когортное исследование 266 историй болезни детей в возрасте от 4 месяцев до 17 лет, находившихся в Детской городской клинической больнице № 9 в 2019 г. с направительным диагнозом «Пневмония». Для верификации диагноза пневмонии использовали рентгенографию грудной клетки, для этиологического диагноза – ПЦР мазков из носоглотки, ИФА для обнаружения антител класса IgM и IgG.Результаты: диагноз «Пневмония» был подтвержден у 190 детей. Микоплазменная пневмония (MpП) была установлена у 76 (40%) детей, они составили 1-ю группу (у 46 (60,5%) детей обнаружены IgM, у 12 (15,8%) – положительная ПЦР, а у 18 (23,7%) – положительные и IgM, и ПЦР). Остальные 114 (60%) детей с внебольничной пневмонией другой этиологии (ВП) составили 2-ю группу – сравнения. Медиана возраста детей в группе с МрП составила 9,6 лет, в группе сравнения – 4 года (р<0,01). Достоверно чаще MpП встречается у детей в возрасте 11–17 лет (р < 0,01), а ВП – до 7 лет (р < 0,01). При MpП катаральные явления в виде гиперемии ротоглотки, заложенности носа, малопродуктивного кашля наблюдаются реже, чем при ВП. При MpП чаще выслушиваются хрипы в легких, чем при ВП, достоверно чаще они влажные (р<0,01). При MpП дыхательная недостаточность и одышка наблюдаются реже, чем при ВП. Поражение верхней доли легких чаще выявляется при MpП, а при ВП – правостороннее поражение. В общем анализе крови лейкоцитоз, в том числе выше 15 тыс./мкл, а также лейкопения ниже 4 тыс./мкл были достоверно чаще в группе больных с ВП (р<0,01).Заключение: не получено четких клинико-лабораторных критериев пневмонии микоплазменной этиологии, что диктует необходимость лабораторного подтверждения этиологии пневмонии для выбора тактики терапии

Recovery of dialysis patients with COVID-19 : health outcomes 3 months after diagnosis in ERACODA

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related short-term mortality is high in dialysis patients, but longer-term outcomes are largely unknown. We therefore assessed patient recovery in a large cohort of dialysis patients 3 months after their COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods. We analyzed data on dialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 1 February 2020 to 31 March 2021 from the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database (ERACODA). The outcomes studied were patient survival, residence and functional and mental health status (estimated by their treating physician) 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. Complete follow-up data were available for 854 surviving patients. Patient characteristics associated with recovery were analyzed using logistic regression. Results. In 2449 hemodialysis patients (mean ± SD age 67.5 ± 14.4 years, 62% male), survival probabilities at 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis were 90% for nonhospitalized patients (n = 1087), 73% for patients admitted to the hospital but not to an intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 1165) and 40% for those admitted to an ICU (n = 197). Patient survival hardly decreased between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. At 3 months, 87% functioned at their pre-existent functional and 94% at their pre-existent mental level. Only few of the surviving patients were still admitted to the hospital (0.8-6.3%) or a nursing home (∼5%). A higher age and frailty score at presentation and ICU admission were associated with worse functional outcome. Conclusions. Mortality between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis was low and the majority of patients who survived COVID-19 recovered to their pre-existent functional and mental health level at 3 months after diagnosis